New maps, new information: Coral reefs of the Florida keys

Journal of Coastal Research

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 260-282

  Lidz, Barbara H ^a   Reich, Christopher D ^a   Peterson, Russell L ^a   Shinn, Eugene A ^a  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Benthic habitats; Coral reef decline; Coral reef nuclei; Holocene transgression; Key Largo Limestone; Miami Limestone; Patch reefs; Pleistocene topography; Sea level fluctuations; Tidal channels; Topographic troughs; Windward carbonate margin

Indexed keywords

BENTHOS; CORAL REEF; DATA SET; MAP;

FLORIDA [UNITED STATES]; FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

ANTHOZOA;

EID: 33645678749     PISSN: 07490208     EISSN: 15515036     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2112/05A-0023.1     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. ALBRITTON, D.L.; ALLEN, M.R.; BAEDE, A.P.M., et al., 2001. Summary for policymakers. In: HOUGHTON, J.T.; DING, Y.; GRIGGS, D.J.; NOGUER, M.; VAN DER LINDEN, P.J.; DAI, X.; MASKELL, K., and JOHNSON, C.A. (eds.), Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-20.
2. BALL, M.M., 1967. Carbonate sand bodies of Florida and the Bahamas. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 37, 556-591.
3. BALL, M.M.; SHINN, E.A., and STOCKMAN, K.W., 1967. The geologic effects of Hurricane Donna in South Florida. Journal of Geology, 75(5), 583-597.
4. 14C time scale beyond 9000 years B.P. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, B52, 461-468.
5. BOOKER, J., 1997. Mangrove communities. In: GALLAGHER, D., CAUSEY, B.D., GATO, J., and VIELE, J. (eds.), The Florida Keys Environmental Story, A Panorama of the Environment, Culture and History of Monroe County, Florida. Big Pine Key, Florida: Seacamp Association, Inc., pp. 49-52.
6. BRYANT, D.; BURKE, L.; MCMANUS, J., and SPALDING, M., 1998. Reefs at Risk: A Map-Based Indicator of Potential Threats to the World's Coral Reefs. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, 56p.
7. CANTILLO, A.Y.; HALE, K.; COLLINS, E.; PIKULA, L., and CABALLERO, R., 2000. Biscayne Bay: Environmental History and Annotated Bibliography. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS CCMA 145. Silver Spring, Maryland: U.S. Department of Commerce, 116p.
8. CAUSEY, B., 1988. Zooxanthellae expulsions in Florida reefs during 1987. Proceedings of the Associated Islands Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean, 21, pp. 1-51.
9. CAUSEY, B., 2002. The role of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Initiative. In: PORTER, J.W., and PORTER, K.G. (eds.), The Everglades, Florida Bay and Coral Reefs of the Florida Keys: An Ecosystem Sourcebook. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 883-894.
10. CHAPPELL, J., 1974. Geology of coral terraces, Huon Peninsula, New Guinea: A study of Quaternary tectonic movements and sea-level changes. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 85, 553-570.
11. CHAPPELL, J., and SHACKLETON, N.J., 1986. Oxygen isotopes and sea level. Nature, 324, 137-140.
12. DAVIES, T.D., 1980. Peat formation in Florida Bay and its significance in interpreting the recent vegetational and geological history of the bay area. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University, Ph.D. thesis, 316p.
13. DIVINS, D.L., 2003. Coastal Relief Model. http://www.ngdc.noaa. gov/mgg/coastal/ (accessed September 12, 2005). Boulder, Colorado: National Geophysical Data Center.
14. DUSTAN, P., 1985. Community structure of reef-building corals in the Florida Keys: Carysfort Reef, Key Largo and Long Key Reef, Dry Tortugas. Atoll Research Bulletin, 288, 1-27.
15. DUSTAN, P., and HALAS, J.C., 1987. Changes in the reef-coral community of Carysfort Reef. Key Largo, Florida: 1974 to 1982. Coral Reefs, 6, 91-106.
16. ENOS, P., 1977. Holocene sediment accumulations of the South Florida shelf margin, pt. I. In: ENOS, P., and PERKINS, R.D. (eds.), Quaternary Sedimentation in South Florida. Geological Society of America Memoir 147, 1-130.
17. ENOS, P., and PERKINS, R.D., 1977. Quaternary Sedimentation in South Florida. Geological Society of America Memoir 147, 198p.
18. EPA, 1983. Florida Keys Seagrass and Coral Reef Inventory, v. 2, scale 1:24,000, Sombrero Key to Marquesas Rock, February 1982. Report prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Minerals Management Service under Contract No. 68-03-3049. Las Vegas, Nevada: EPA Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 104p.
19. FAIRBANKS, R.G., 1989. A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea level record: Influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep ocean circulation. Nature, 342, 637-642.
20. FLORIDA COASTAL COORDINATING COUNCIL, 1974. Florida Keys Coastal Zone Management Study. Tallahassee, Florida: State of Florida Department of Natural Resources, 138p.
21. FMRI, 2000 (FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION, FLORIDA MARINE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, AND NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION). Benthic Habitats of the Florida Keys. FMRI Technical Report TR-4, 53p (32 maps on CD-ROM). http://www.floridamarine.org/features/view_article. asp?id=2139 (accessed September 12, 2005).
22. GARRISON, V.H.; SHINN, E.A.; FOREMAN, W.T.; GRIFFIN, D.W.; HOLMES, C.W.; KELLOGG, C.A.; MAJEWSKI, M.S.; RICHARDSON, L.L.; RITCHIE, K.B., and SMITH, G.W., 2003. African and Asian dust: From desert soils to coral reefs. BioScience, 53(5), 469-480.
23. GINSBURG, R.N., 1956. Environmental relationships of grain size and constituent particles in some South Florida carbonate sediments. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 47, 1-130.
24. GINSBURG, R.N., and SHINN, E.A., 1964. Distribution of the reef-building community in Florida and the Bahamas (abstract). American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 48, 527.
25. GLYNN, P.W., 1984. Widespread coral mortality and the 1982-1983 El Niño warming event. In: OGDEN, J., and WICKLUND, R. (eds.), Mass Bleaching of Coral Reefs: A Research Strategy. Research Report, National Undersea Research Program, 88, 42-45.
26. GRIFFIN, D.W.; KELLOGG, C.A., and SHINN, E.A., 2001. Dust in the wind: Long range transport of dust in the atmosphere and its implications for global public and ecosystem health. Global Change and Human Health, 2(1), 20-33.
27. HALLEY, R.B., 1993. Corals Record the Water Runoff History of South Florida. U.S. Geological Survey Information Sheet, 2p.
28. HALLEY, R.B., and EVANS, C.E., 1983. The Miami Limestone, A Guide to Selected Outcrops and their Interpretation (with a Discussion of Diagenesis in the Formation). Miami, Florida: Miami Geological Society, 65p.
29. HALLOCK, P., and SCHLAGER, W., 1986. Nutrient excess and the demise of coral reefs and carbonate platforms. Palaios, 1, 389-398.
30. HARRISON, R.S., and CONIGLIO, M., 1985. Origin of the Pleistocene Key Largo Limestone, Florida Keys. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 33, 350-358.
31. HOFFMEISTER, J.E., 1974. Land from the Sea, the Geologic Story of South Florida. Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami Press, 143p.
32. HOFFMEISTER, J.E., and MULTER, H.G., 1968. Geology and origin of the Florida Keys. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 79, 1487-1502.
33. HOFFMEISTER, J.E.; STOCKMAN, K.W., and MULTER, H.G., 1967. Miami Limestone of Florida and its recent Bahamian counterpart. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 78, 175-190.
34. HUDSON, J.H., 1985. Growth rate and carbonate production in Halimeda opuntia, Marquesas Keys, Florida. In: TOOMEY, D.F., and NITECKI, M.H. (eds.), Paleoalgology: Contemporary Research and Applications. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 257-263.
35. JAAP, W.C., 1979. Observations on zooxanthellae expulsion at Middle Sambo Reef, Florida Keys. Bulletin of Marine Science, 29, 414-422.
36. JAAP, W.C., 1984. The Ecology of the South Florida Coral Reefs: A Community Profile. Fish and Wildlife Service Report FWS/OBS-82/08 and Minerals Management Service Report MMS 84-0038. U.S. Department of the Interior, 1-138.
37. JAAP, W.C., 1997. Coral reefs. In: GALLAGHER, D., CAUSEY, B.D., GATO, J., and VIELE, J. (eds.), The Florida Keys Environmental Story, A Panorama of the Environment, Culture and History of Monroe County, Florida. Big Pine Key, Florida: Seacamp Association, Inc., 58-62.
38. JAAP, W.C.; DUSTAN, P.; PORTER, J., and MEIER, O., 1998. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Water Quality Protection Plan: EPA Water Quality Protection Program, Coral Reef/Hardbottom Monitoring Project. 1997 Annual Report, 39p. with numerous unnumbered pages of figures.
39. JAMES, N.P., 1983. Reef environment. In: SCHOLLE, P.A., BEBOUT, D.G., and MOOKE, C.H. (eds.), Carbonate Depositional Environments. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 33, pp. 345-440.
40. JARRETT, B.D.; HINE, A.C.; HALLEY, R.B.; NAAR, D.F.; LOCKER, S.D.; NEUMANN, A.C.; TWICHELL, D.; HU, C.; DONAHUE, B.T.; JAAP, W.C.; PALANDRO, D., and CIEMBRONOWICZ, K., 2005. Strange bedfellows - A deep-water hermatypic coral reef super-imposed on a drowned barrier island: Southern Pulley Ridge, SW Florida platform margin. Marine Geology, 214, 295-307.
41. KELLER, B.D.; DELANEY, J.M., and CAUSEY, B.D., 2003, Designing, implementing, and monitoring fully protected zones: An example from the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: Proceedings, 2003 Georgia Basin/Puget Sound Research Conference, pp. 1-5.
42. LANG, J.C. (ed.), 2003. Status of Coral Reefs in the Western Atlantic: Results of Initial Surveys, Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) Program. Atoll Research Bulletin 496: National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 630p.
43. LAPOINTE, B.E.; O'CONNELL, J.E., and GARRETT, G.S., 1990. Nutrient couplings between on-site sewage disposal systems, groundwaters, and nearshore surface waters of the Florida Keys. Biogeochemistry, 10, 289-307.
44. LIDZ, B.H., 2004. Coral reef complexes at an atypical windward platform margin: Late Quaternary, southeast Florida. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 116(7), 974-988.
45. LIDZ, B.H., and HALLOCK, P., 2000. Sedimentary petrology of a declining reef ecosystem, Florida reef tract (U.S.A.). Journal of Coastal Research, 16(3), 675-697.
46. LIDZ, B.H.; HINE, A.C.; SHINN, E.A., and KINDINGER, J.L., 1991. Multiple outer-reef tracts along the South Florida bank margin: Outlier reefs, a new windward-margin model. Geology, 19, 115-118.
47. LIDZ, B.H.; REICH, C.D., and SHINN, E.A., 2003. Regional Quaternary submarine geomorphology in the Florida Keys. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 115(7), 845-866, plus oversize color plate of Pleistocene topographic and Holocene isopach maps, scale 1: 65,000,
48. LIDZ, B.H.; REICH, C.D., and SHINN, E.A., 2005. Systematic mapping of bedrock and habitats along the Florida reef tract: Central Key Largo to Halfmoon Shoal (Gulf of Mexico). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1714 (DVD).
49. LIDZ, B.H.; ROBBIN, D.M., and SHINN, E.A., 1985. Holocene carbonate sedimentary petrology and facies accumulation, Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary, Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 36(3), 672-700.
50. LIDZ, B.H., and SHINN, E.A., 1991. Paleoshorelines, reefs, and a rising sea: South Florida, U.S.A. Journal of Coastal Research, 7(1), 203-229.
51. LIDZ, B.H.; SHINN, E.A.; HANSEN, M.E.; HALLEY, R.B.; HARRIS, M.W.; LOCKER, S.D., and HINE, A.C., 1997a. Maps Showing Sedimentary and Biological Environments, Depth to Pleistocene Bedrock, and Holocene Sediment and Reef Thickness from Molasses Reef to Elbow Reef, Key Largo, South Florida. U.S. Geological Survey Investigations Series, Map #I-2505, double-sided descriptive and interpretive maps with aerial photomosaic, scale 1:24,000, 3 sheets.
52. LIDZ, B.H.; SHINN, E.A.; HINE, A.C., and LOCKER, S.D., 1997b. Contrasts within an outlier-reef system: Evidence for differential Quaternary evolution, South Florida windward margin, U.S.A. Journal of Coastal Research, 13(3), 711-731.
53. LIGHTY, R.G.; MACINTYRE, I.G., and STUCKENRATH, R., 1982. Acropora palmata reef framework: A reliable indicator of sea level in the western Atlantic for the past 10,000 years. Coral Reefs, 1, 125-130.
54. LOCKER, S.D. and HINE, A.C., 1995. Late Quaternary Sequence Stratigraphy, South Florida Margin. Proceedings, 27th Annual Ocean Technology Conference, p. 319-327.
55. LOCKER, S.D.; HINE, A.C.; TEDESCO, L.P., and SHINN, E.A., 1996. Magnitude and timing of episodic sea-level rise during the last deglaciation. Geology, 24(9), 827-830.
56. LUDWIG, K.R.; MUHS, D.R.; SIMMONS, K.R.; HALLEY, R.B., and SHINN, E.A., 1996. Sea-level records at ∼80 ka from tectonically stable platforms: Florida and Bermuda. Geology, 24(3), 211-214.
57. MALLINSON, D.; HINE, A.; HALLOCK, P.; LOCKER, S.; SHINN, E.; NAAR, D.; DONAHUE, B., and WEAVER, D., 2003. Development of small carbonate banks on the South Florida platform margin: Response to sea level and climate change. Marine Geology, 199, 45-63.
58. MARSZALEK, D.S., 1977. Florida Reef Tract Marine Habitats and Ecosystems. Published in cooperation with State of Florida Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management, New Orleans Outer Continental Shelf Office; and University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, double-sided descriptive and interpretive maps, scale 1:30,000, 9 sheets.
59. MITTERER, R.M., 1974. Pleistocene stratigraphy in southern Florida based on amino acid diagenesis in fossil Mercenaria. Geology, 2, 425-428.
60. MULTER, H.G., 1969. Field Guide to Some Carbonate Rock Environments: Florida Keys and Western Bahamas. Miami, Florida: Miami Geological Society and Multer, H.G., 158p.
61. MULTER, H.G., 1993. Seakeys Habitat Guide to the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: Past, Present, Future. St. Petersburg, Florida: Florida Department of Natural Resources, Florida Marine Research Institute, double-sided descriptive and interpretive map, scale 1:400,000, 1 sheet.
62. MULTER, H.G.; GISCHLER, E.; LUNDBERG, J.; SIMMONS, K.R., and SHINN, E.A., 2002. Key Largo Limestone revisited: Pleistocene shelf-edge facies, Florida Keys, USA. Facies, 46, 229-272.
63. PARKS, P., 1968. The Railroad that Died at Sea, Florida East Coast Railway Flagler System, the Florida East Coast's Key West Extension. Key West, Florida: Langley Press, Inc., 48p.
64. PERKINS, R.D., 1977. Depositional framework of Pleistocene rocks in South Florida, pt. II. In: ENOS, P., and PERKINS, R.D. (eds.), Quaternary Sedimentation in South Florida. Geological Society of America Memoir 147, 131-198.
65. PORTER, J.W., and PORTER, K.G. (eds.), 2002. The Everglades, Florida Bay and Coral Reefs of the Florida Keys: An Ecosystem Sourcebook. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1024p.
66. PRAGER, E.J., 1987. The growth and structure of calcareous nodules on Florida's Outer Shelf. M.S. thesis, University of Miami Press, 88p.
67. PRAGER, E.J., and GINSBURG, R.N., 1989. Processes of carbonate nodule growth on Florida's outer shelf and its implications for fossil interpretations. Palaios, 4, 310-317.
68. PRATSON, L.; DIVINS, D.; BUTLER, T.; METZGER, D.; SHARMAN, G.; STEELE, M.; BERGGREN, T.; HOLCOMBE, T., and RAMOS, R., 1999a. Exposing the U.S. Coastal Zone. EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 80, 37.
69. PRATSON, L.; DIVINS, D.; BUTLER, T.; METZGER, D.; STEELE, M.; SHARMAN, G.; BERGGREN, T.; HOLCOMBE, T., and RAMOS, R., 1999b. Development of an elevation database for the U.S. Coastal Zone. Surveying and Land Information Systems, 59, 3-13.
70. 3 crust: A tool for timing reef initiation and defining sea level changes. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Coral Reef Symposium (Manila, Philippines), 1, 575-579.
71. ROBBIN, D.M., 1984. A new Holocene sea level curve for the upper Florida Keys and Florida reef tract. In: GLEASON, P.J. (ed.), Environments of South Florida: Present and Past. Miami, Florida: Miami Geological Society Memoir 2, 437-458.
72. ROBERTS, H.H.; ROUSE, L.J., JR.; WALKER, N.D., and HUDSON, J.H., 1982. Cold-water stress in Florida Bay and northern Bahamas - A product of winter cold-air outbreaks. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 52, 145-155.
73. SANFORD, S., 1909. The topography and geology of southern Florida. Florida Geological Survey Annual Report, 2, 175-231.
74. SCHOLL, D.W., CRAIGHEAD, F.C., SR., and STUIVER, M., 1969, Florida submergence curve revised: Its relation to coastal sedimentation rates: Science, New Series, 163, 562-564.
75. SHARMAN, G.; METZGER, D.; COMPAGNOLI, J.; BUTLER, T.; BERGGREN, T.; DIVINS, D., and STEELE, M., 1998. GEODAS: A hydro/bathy data management system. Surveying and Land Information Systems, 58(3), 141-146.
76. SHIFTING BASELINES, 2005. The truth about ocean decline. http://www.shiftingbaselines.org/news/photocont.html (accessed September 12, 2005).
77. SHINN, E.A., 1963. Spur and groove formation on the Florida reef tract. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 33, 291-303.
78. SHINN, E.A., 1980a. Geologic history of Grecian Rocks, Key Largo Coral Reef Marine Sanctuary. Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, 646-656.
79. SHINN, E.A., 1980b. Geological reconnaissance dive using the Johnson Sea-Link submersible. Key Largo Coral Reef Marine Sanctuary Deep Water Resource Survey. Final Report to NOAA's Office of Coastal Zone Management, chapter "Geology."
80. SHINN, E.A.; HUDSON, J.H.; HALLEY, R.B., and LIDZ, B.H., 1977. Topographic control and accumulation rate of some Holocene coral reefs, South Florida and Dry Tortugas. Proceedings of the 3rd International Coral Reef Symposium (Miami, Florida), 2, Geology, pp. 1-7.
81. SHINN, E.A.; LIDZ, B.H., and HOLMES, C.W., 1990. High-energy carbonate sand accumulation, the Quicksands, southwest Florida Keys. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 60(6), 952-967.
82. SHINN, E.A.; LIDZ, B.H.; KINDINGER, J.L.; HUDSON, J.H., and HALLEY, R.B., 1989. Reefs of Florida and the Dry Tortugas: A guide to the modern carbonate environments of the Florida Keys and the Dry Tortugas. International Geological Congress Field Trip Guidebook T176. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 55p.
83. SHINN, E.A.; REESE, R.S., and REICH, C.D., 1994. Fate and pathways of injection-well effluent in the Florida Keys. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-276, 116p.
84. SHINN, E.A.; REICH, C.D.; HICKEY, D.T., and LIDZ, B.H., 2003. Staghorn tempestites in the Florida Keys. Coral Reefs, 22, 91-97.
85. SHINN, E.A.; REICH, C.D.; LOCKER, S.D., and HINE, A.C., 1996. A giant sediment trap in the Florida Keys. Journal of Coastal Research, 12(4), 953-959.
86. SHINN, E.A.; SMITH, G.W.; PROSPERO, J.M.; BETZER, P.; HAYES, M.L.; GARRISON, V., and BARBER, R.T., 2000. African dust and the demise of Caribbean coral reefs. Geophysical Research Letters, 27(19), 3029-3032.
87. SMITH, N.P., 1994. Long-term Gulf-to-Atlantic transport through tidal channels in the Florida Keys. Bulletin of Marine Science, 54(3), 602-609.
88. SMITH, W.H.F., and WESSEL, P., 1990. Gridding with continuous curvature splines in tension. Geophysics, 55, 293-305.
89. STANLEY, S.M., 1966, Paleoecology and diagenesis of Key Largo Limestone, Florida. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 50, 1927-1947.
90. SUTHERLAND, K.P., PORTER, J.W., and TORRES, C., 2004, Disease and immunity in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific zooxanthellate corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 266, 273-302.
91. TOSCANO, M.A., 1996. Late Quaternary stratigraphy, sea-level history, and paleoclimatology of the southeast Florida outer continental shelf. St. Petersburg, Florida: University of South Florida, Ph.D. thesis, 280p.
92. TOSCANO, M.A., and LUNDBERG, J., 1998. Early Holocene sea-level record from submerged fossil reefs on the southeast Florida margin. Geology, 26(3), 255-258.
93. TOSCANO, M.A., and LUNDBERG, J., 1999. Submerged late Pleistocene reefs on the tectonically stable S.E. Florida margin: High-precision geochronology, stratigraphy, resolution of substage 5a sea-level elevation, and orbital forcing. Quaternary Science Reviews, 18, 753-767.
94. TURMEL, R.J., and SWANSON, R.G., 1976. The development of Rodriguez Bank, a Holocene mudbank in the Florida reef tract. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 46(3), 497-518.
95. VAUGHAN, T.W., 1914. Investigations of the geology and geologic processes of the reef tracts and adjacent areas in the Bahamas and Florida. Carnegie Institution of Washington Yearbook 12, 1-183.
96. WANLESS, H.R., 1989. The inundation of our coastlines: Past, present and future with a focus on South Florida. Sea Frontiers, 35(5), 264-271.
97. WESSEL, P., and SMITH, W.H.F., 1995. New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released. EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 76, 329.