Sexual systems and population genetic structure in an annual plant: Testing the metapopulation model

American Naturalist

Volumn 167, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 354-366

  Obbard, Darren J ^a,b   Harris, Stephen A ^a   Pannell, John R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Allopolyploid; Androdioecy; Dioecy; Genetic diversity; Mercurialis annua; Phylogeography

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL PLANT; GENETIC STRUCTURE; METAPOPULATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY;

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; EUPHORBIA; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENETICS; GEOGRAPHY; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; PHYLOGENY; PHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCTION;

EUPHORBIACEAE; GENETIC VARIATION; GEOGRAPHY; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PHYLOGENY; REPRODUCTION; VARIATION (GENETICS);

MERCURIALIS ANNUA;

EID: 33645529516     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/499546     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Baker, H. G. 1955. Self-compatibility and establishment after "long-distance" dispersal. Evolution 9:347-348.
2. _. 1967. Support for Baker's Law - as a rule. Evolution 21:853-856.
3. Barrett, S. C. H. 2002. The evolution of plant sexual diversity. Nature Reviews Genetics 3:274-284.
4. Bayer, R. J., and D. J. Crawford. 1986. Allozyme divergence among five diploid species of Antennaria (Asteraceae: Inuleae) and their allopolyploid derivatives. American Journal of Botany 73:287-296.
5. Belhassen, E., L. Traboud, D. Couvet, and P. H. Gouyon. 1989. An example of nonequilibrium processes: gynodioecy of Thymus vulgaris L. in burned habitats. Evolution 43:622-627.
6. Berglund, A. B. N., and A. Westerbergh. 2001. Two postglacial immigration lineages of the polyploid Cerastium alpinum (Caryophyllaceae). Hereditas 134:171-183.
7. Bever, J. D., and F. Felber. 1992. The theoretical population genetics of autopolyploidy. Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology 8:185-217.
8. Bickel, A. M., and D. C. Freeman. 1994. Effects of pollen vector and plant geometry on floral sex ratio in monoecious plants. American Midland Naturalist 130:239-247.
9. Case, A. L., and S. C. H. Barrett. 2001. Ecological differentiation of combined and separate sexes of Wurmbea dioica (Colchicaceae) in sympatry. Ecology 82:2601-2616.
10. Charlesworth, B. 1998. Measures of divergence between populations and the effect of forces that reduce variability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 15:538-543.
11. Charlesworth, B., D. Charlesworth, and N. H. Barton. 2003. The effects of genetic and geographic structure on neutral variation. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:99-125.
12. Charlesworth, D. 1999. Theories of the evolution of dioecy. Pages 33-60 in M. A. Geber, T. E. Dawson, and L. F. Delph, eds. Gender and sexual dimorphism in flowering plants. Springer, Heidelberg.
13. _. 2003. Effects of inbreeding on the genetic diversity of populations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 358:1051-1070.
14. Charlesworth, D., and B. Charlesworth. 1981. Allocation of resources to male and female functions in hermaphrodites. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 15:57-74.
15. Charlesworth, D., and J. R. Pannell. 2001. Mating systems and population genetic structure in the light of coalescent theory. Pages 73-95 in J. Silvertown and J. Antonovics, eds. Integrating ecology and evolution in a spatial context. Blackwell, Oxford.
16. Charnov, E. L. 1982. The theory of sex allocation. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
17. Charnov, E. L., J. Maynard Smith, and J. J. Bull. 1976. Why be an hermaphrodite? Nature 263:125-126.
18. Costich, D. E. 1995. Gender specialization across a climatic gradient: experimental comparisons of monoecious and dioecious Ecballium. Ecology 76:1036-1050.
19. Costich, D. E., and T. R. Meagher. 1992. Genetic variation in Ecballium elaterium (Curcurbitaceae): breeding systems and geographic distribution. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 5:589-601.
20. Cruden, R. W. 1977. Pollen-ovule ratios: a conservative index of breeding systems in flowering plants. Evolution 31:32-46.
21. Demesure, B., B. Comps, and R. J. Petit. 1996. Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of the common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Europe. Evolution 50:2515-2520.
22. Dorken, M. E., and S. C. H. Barrett. 2004. Phenotypic plasticity of vegetative and reproductive traits in monoecious and dioecious populations of Sagittaria latifolia (Alismataceae): a clonal aquatic plant. Journal of Ecology 92:32-44.
23. Durand, B. 1963. Le complexe Mercurialis annua L. s.l.: une étude biosystématique. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique (Paris) 12:579-736.
24. Durand, R., and B. Durand. 1992. Dioecy, monoecy, polyploidy and speciation in annual Mercuries. Bulletin de la Societé Botanique de France Lettres Botaniques 139:377-399.
25. Eckhart, V. M. 1999. Sexual dimorphism in flowers and inflorescences. Pages 123-148 in M. A. Geber, T. E. Dawson, and L. F. Delph, eds. Gender and sexual dimorphism in flowering plants. Springer, Heidelberg.
26. Ehrlén, J., and O. Eriksson. 2003. Large-scale spatial dynamics of plants: a response to Freckleton & Watkinson. Journal of Ecology 91:316-320.
27. El Mousadik, A., and R. J. Petit. 1996. High level of genetic differentiation for allelic richness among populations of the argan tree Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels endemic to Morocco. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 92:832-839.
28. Fisher, R. A. 1941. Average excess and average effect of a gene substitution. Annals of Eugenics 11:53-63.
29. Frank, S. A. 1986. Hierarchical selection theory and sex ratios. 1. General solutions for structured populations. Theoretical Population Biology 29:312-342.
30. Freckleton, R. P., and A. R. Watkinson. 2002. Large-scale spatial dynamics of plants: metapopulations, regional ensembles and patchy populations. Journal of Ecology 90:419-434.
31. _. 2003. Are all plant populations metapopulations? Journal of Ecology 91:321-324.
32. Goudet, J. 1995. Fstat version 1.2: a computer program to calculate F-statistics. Journal of Heredity 86:485-486.
33. Hamilton, W. D. 1967. Extraordinary sex ratios. Science 156:477-488.
34. Hamrick, J. L., and M. J. W. Godt. 1996. Effects of life history traits on genetic diversity in plant species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 351:1291-1298.
35. Harris, D. J., S. Carranza, E. N. Arnold, C. Pinho, and N. Ferrand. 2002. Complex biogeographical distribution of genetic variation within Podarcis wall lizards across the Strait of Gibraltar. Journal of Biogeography 29:1257-1262.
36. Hewitt, G. 2000. The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages. Nature 405:907-913.
37. Hewitt, G. M. 1999. Post-glacial re-colonization of European biota. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 68:87-112.
38. Ingvarsson, P. K. 2001. A metapopulation perspective on neutral genetic diversity and differentiation in partially self-fertilizing plants. Evolution 56:2368-2373.
39. King, R. A., and C. Ferris. 1998. Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Molecular Ecology 7:1151-1161.
40. Klinkhamer, P. G. L., T. J. de Jong, and H. Metz. 1997. Sex and size in cosexual plants. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 12:260-265.
41. Koch, M., and K. G. Bernhardt. 2004. Comparative biogeography of the cytotypes of annual Microthlaspi perfoliatum (Brassicaceae) in Europe using isozymes and cpDNA data: refugia, diversity centers, and postglacial colonization. American Journal of Botany 91:115-124.
42. Manicacci, D., D. Couvet, E. Belhassen, P. H. Gouyon, and A. Atlan. 1996. Founder effects and sex ratio in the gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris L. Molecular Ecology 5:63-72.
43. Maurice, S., and T. H. Fleming. 1995. The effect of pollen limitation on plant reproductive systems and the maintenance of sexual polymorphisms. Oikos 74:55-60.
44. Michaux, J. R., E. Magnanou, E. Paradis, C. Nieberding, and R. Libois. 2003. Mitochondrial phylogeography of the woodmouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) in the western Palearctic region. Molecular Ecology 12:685-697.
45. Murdy, W. H., and M. E. B. Carter. 1985. Electrophoretic study of the allopolyploidal origin of Talinum teretifolium and the specific status of T. appalachianum (Portulacaceae). American Journal of Botany 72:1590-1597.
46. Nagylaki, T. 1998. Fixation indices in subdivided populations. Genetics 148:1325-1332.
47. Nason, J. D., J. L. Hamrick, and T. H. Fleming. 2002. Historical vicariance and postglacial colonization effects on the evolution of genetic structure in Lophocereus, a Sonoran Desert columnar cactus. Evolution 56:2214-2226.
48. Nei, M. 1987. Molecular evolutionary genetics. Columbia University Press, New York.
49. Obbard, D. J. 2004. Genetic variation and sexual-system evolution in the annual mercuries. PhD diss. University of Oxford.
50. Pannell, J. 1997a. The maintenance of gynodioecy and androdioecy in a metapopulation. Evolution 51:10-20.
51. _. 1997b. Mixed genetic and environmental sex determination in an androdioecious population of Mercurialis annua. Heredity 78:50-56.
52. _. 1997c. Variation in sex ratios and sex allocation in androdioecious Mercurialis annua. Journal of Ecology 85:57-69.
53. _. 1997d. Widespread functional androdioecy in Mercurialis annua L. (Euphorbiaceae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 61:95-116.
54. Pannell, J. R. 2001. A hypothesis for the evolution of androdioecy: the joint influence of reproductive assurance and local mate competition in a metapopulation. Evolutionary Ecology 14:195-211.
55. _. 2002. The evolution and maintenance of androdioecy. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33:397-425.
56. _. 2003. The coalescent in a metapopulation. Evolution 57:949-961.
57. Pannell, J. R., and B. Charlesworth. 1999. Neutral genetic diversity in a metapopulation with recurrent local extinction and recolonization. Evolution 53:664-676.
58. _. 2000. Effects of metapopulation processes on measures of genetic diversity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 355:1851-1864.
59. Pannell, J. R., and M. E. Dorken. 2006. Colonisation as a common denominator in plant metapopulations and range expansions: effects on genetic diversity and sexual systems. Landscape Ecology (forthcoming).
60. Pannell, J. R., and D. J. Obbard. 2003. Probing the primacy of the patch: what makes a metapopulation? Journal of Ecology 91:485-488.
61. Pannell, J. R., D. J. Obbard, and R. J. A. Buggs. 2004. Polyploidy and the sexual system: what can we learn from Mercurialis annua? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 82:547-560.
62. Petit, R. J., I. Aguinagalde, J. L. de Beaulieu, C. Bittkau, S. Brewer, R. Cheddadi, R. Ennos, et al. 2003. Glacial refugia: hotspots but not melting pots of genetic diversity. Science 300:1563-1565.
63. Pollak, E. 1987. On the theory of partially inbreeding finite populations. I. Partial selfing. Genetics 117:353-360.
64. Rogers, D. L. 2000. Genotypic diversity and clone size in old-growth populations of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens). Canadian Journal of Botany 78:1408-1419.
65. Rokas, A., R. J. Atkinson, L. Webster, G. Csoka, and G. N. Stone. 2003. Out of Anatolia: longitudinal gradients in genetic diversity support an eastern origin for a circum-Mediterranean oak gallwasp Andricus quercustozae. Molecular Ecology 12:2153-2174.
66. Ronfort, J., E. Jenczewski, T. Bataillon, and F. Rousset. 1998. Analysis of population structure in autotetraploid species. Genetics 150:921-930.
67. Rousset, F. 1997. Genetic differentiation and estimation of gene flow from F-statistics under isolation by distance. Genetics 145:1219-1228.
68. Slatkin, M. 1977. Gene flow and genetic drift in a species subject to frequent local extinction. Theoretical Population Biology 12:253-262.
69. Trewick, S. A., M. Morgan-Richards, S. J. Russell, S. Henderson, F. J. Rumsey, I. Pinter, J. A. Barrett, et al. 2002. Polyploidy, phylogeography and Pleistocene refugia of the rockfern Asplenium ceterach: evidence from chloroplast DNA. Molecular Ecology 11:2003-2012.
70. Tutin, T. G., V. H. Heywood, N. A. Burges, D. M. Moore, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters, and D. A. Webb. 1968. Flora Europeae. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
71. Wade, M. J., and D. E. McCauley. 1988. Extinction and recolonization: their effects on the genetic differentiation of local populations. Evolution 42:995-1005.
72. Wakeley, J., and N. Aliacar. 2001. Gene genealogies in a metapopulation. Genetics 159:893-905.
73. Waples, R. S. 1988. Estimation of allele frequencies at isoloci. Genetics 118:371-384.
74. Weeden, N. F., and J. F. Wendel. 1990. Genetics of plant isozymes. Pages 46-72 in D. E. Soltis and P. S. Soltis, eds. Isozymes in plant biology. Chapman & Hall, London.
75. Weir, B. S. 1984. Genetic analysis II. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
76. Weir, B. S., and C. C. Cockerham. 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38:1358-1370.
77. Wendel, J. F., and N. F. Weeden. 1990. Visualisation and interpretation of plant isozymes. Pages 5-45 in D. E. Soltis and P. S. Soltis, eds. Isozymes in plant biology. Chapman & Hall, London.
78. West, S. A., E. A. Herre, and B. C. Sheldon. 2000. The benefits of allocating sex. Science 290:288-290.
79. Whitlock, M. C., and N. H. Barton. 1997. The effective size of a subdivided population. Genetics 146:427-441.
80. Whitlock, M. C., and D. E. McCauley. 1990. Some population genetic consequences of colony formation and extinction: genetic correlations within founding groups. Evolution 44:1717-1724.
81. Wolf, D. E., and N. Takebayashi. 2004. Pollen limitation and the evolution of androdioecy from dioecy. American Naturalist 163:122-137.