The toxbox: Specific DNA sequence requirements for activation of Vibrio cholerae virulence genes by ToxT

Molecular Microbiology

Volumn 59, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 1779-1789

  Withey, Jeffrey H ^a   DiRita, Victor J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL DNA; BACTERIAL PROTEIN; COPPER; MONOMER; PHENANTHROLINE; PROTEIN TOXT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTERIUM PILUS; BASE PAIRING; BINDING SITE; DNA FOOTPRINTING; DNA SEQUENCE; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; MUTAGENESIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN MOTIF; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; VIBRIO CHOLERAE;

BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BASE SEQUENCE; BINDING SITES; DNA FOOTPRINTING; DNA, BACTERIAL; FIMBRIAE PROTEINS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, BACTERIAL; GENES, BACTERIAL; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; POINT MUTATION; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); TRANS-ACTIVATION (GENETICS); TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; VIBRIO CHOLERAE; VIRULENCE;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); NEGIBACTERIA; VIBRIO CHOLERAE;

EID: 33645471024     PISSN: 0950382X     EISSN: 13652958     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05053.x     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Attridge S.R. Manning P.A. Holmgren J. Jonson G. 1996 Relative significance of mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin and toxin-coregulated pili in colonization of infant mice by Vibrio cholerae E1 Tor. Infect Immun 64 3369 3373.
2. Burkhoff A.M. Tullius T.D. 1987 The unusual conformation adopted by the adenine tracts in kinetoplast DNA. Cell 48 935 943.
3. Busby S. Ebright R.H. 1994 Promoter structure, promoter recognition, and transcription activation in prokaryotes. Cell 79 743 746.
4. Champion G.A. Neely M.N. Brennan M.A. DiRita V.J. 1997 A branch in the ToxR regulatory cascade of Vibrio cholerae revealed by characterization of toxT mutant strains. Mol Microbiol 23 323 331.
5. Dangi B. Pelupessey P. Martin R.G. Rosner J.L. Louis J.M. Gronenborn A.M. 2001 Structure and dynamics of MarA-DNA complexes: an NMR investigation. J Mol Biol 314 113 127.
6. Egan S.M. Schleif R.F. 1994 DNA-dependent renaturation of an insoluble DNA binding protein: Identification of the RhaS binding site at rhaBAD. J Mol Biol 243 821 829.
7. Gallegos M.T. Schleif R. Bairoch A. Hofmann K. Ramos J.L. 1997 Arac/XylS family of transcription regulators. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 61 393 410.
8. Griffith K.L. Shah I.M. Myers T.E. O'Neill M.C. Wolf R.E. Jr 2002 Evidence for 'pre-recruitment' as a new mechanism of transcription activation in Escherichia coli: the large excess of SoxS binding sites per cell relative to the number of SoxS molecules per cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 291 979 986.
9. Griffith K.L. Wolf R.E. Jr 2001 Systematic mutagenesis of the DNA binding sites for SoxS in the Escherichia coli zwf and fpr promoters: identifying nucleotides required for DNA binding and transcription activation. Mol Microbiol 40 1141 1154.
10. Haran T.E. Crothers D.M. 1989 Cooperativity in A-tract structure and bending properties of composite TnAn blocks. Biochemistry 28 2763 2767.
11. Herrington D.A. Hall R.H. Losonsky G. Mekalanos J.J. Taylor R.K. Levine M.M. 1988 Toxin, toxin-coregulated pili, and the toxR regulon are essential for Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis in humans. J Exp Med 168 1487 1492.
12. Higgins D.E. Nazareno E. DiRita V.J. 1992 The virulence gene activator ToxT from Vibrio cholerae is a member of the AraC family of transcription activators. J Bacteriol 174 6974 6980.
13. Horton R.M. Hunt H.D. Ho S.N. Pullen J.K. Pease L.R. 1989 Engineering hybrid genes without the use of restriction enzymes: gene splicing by overlap extension. Gene 77 61 68.
14. Horton R.M. Ho S.N. Pullen J.K. Hunt H.D. Cai Z. Pease L.R. 1993 Gene splicing by overlap extension. Methods Enzymol 217 270 279.
15. Hulbert R.R. Taylor R.K. 2002 Mechanism of ToxT-dependent transcription activation at the Vibrio cholerae tcpA promoter. J Bacteriol 184 5533 5544.
16. Ibarra J.A. Villalba M.I. Puente J.L. 2003 Identification of the DNA binding sites of PerA, the transcription activator of the bfp and per operons in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 185 2835 2847.
17. Linn T. St Pierre R. 1990 Improved vector system for constructing transcription fusions that ensures independent translation of lacZ. J Bacteriol 172 1077 1084.
18. Martin R.G. Rosner J.L. 2001 The AraC transcription activators. Curr Opin Microbiol 4 132 137.
19. Martin R.G. Gillette W.K. Rhee S. Rosner J.L. 1999 Structural requirements for marbox function in transcription activation of mar/sox/rob regulon promoters in Escherichia coli: sequence, orientation and spatial relationship to the core promoter. Mol Microbiol 34 431 441.
20. Martin R.G. Gillette W.K. Martin N.I. Rosner J.L. 2002 Complex formation between activator and RNA polymerase as the basis for transcription activation by MarA and SoxS in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 43 355 370.
21. Miller J.H. 1972 Experiments in Molecular Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor, NY Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
22. Mukhopadhyay A.K. Chakraborty S. Takeda Y. Nair G.B. Berg D.E. 2001 Characterization of VPI pathogenicity island and CTXphi prophage in environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol 183 4737 4746.
23. Papavassiliou A.G. 1994 1,10-Phenanthroline-copper ion nuclease footprinting of DNA-protein complexes in situ following mobility-shift electrophoresis assays. In Methods in Molecular Biology Vol. 5. Kneale G.G. (ed.). Totowa, NJ Humana Press pp. 43 78.
24. Prouty M.G. Osorio C.R. Klose K.E. 2005 Characterization of functional domains of the Vibrio cholerae virulence regulator ToxT. Mol Microbiol 58 1143 1156.
25. Schleif R. 2000 Regulation of the L-arabinose operon of Escherichia coli. Trends in Genetics 16 559 565.
26. Schuhmacher D.A. Klose K.E. 1999 Environmental signals modulate ToxT-dependent virulence factor expression in Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol 181 1508 1514.
27. Taylor R.K. Miller V.L. Furlong D.B. Mekalanos J.J. 1987 Use of phoA gene fusions to identify a pilus colonization factor coordinately regulated with cholera toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 2833 2837.
28. Thelin K.H. Taylor R.K. 1996 Toxin-coregulated pilus, but not mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin, is required for colonization by Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor biotype and O139 strains. Infect Immun 64 2853 2856.
29. Tobes R. Ramos J.L. 2002 AraC-XylS database: a family of positive transcriptional regulators in bacteria. Nucl Acids Res 30 318 321.
30. Wing R. Drew H. Takano T. Broka C. Tanaka S. Itakura K. Dickerson R.E. 1980 Crystal structure analysis of a complete turn of B-DNA. Nature 287 755 758.
31. Withey J.H. DiRita V.J. 2005a Activation of both acfA and acfD transcription by Vibrio cholerae ToxT requires binding to two centrally located DNA sites in an inverted repeat conformation. Mol Microbiol 56 1062 1077.
32. Withey J.H. DiRita V.J. 2005b Vibrio cholerae ToxT independently activates the divergently transcribed aldA and tagA genes. J Bacteriol 187 7890 7900.
33. Yu R.R. DiRita V.J. 2002 Regulation of gene expression in Vibrio cholerae by ToxT involves both antirepression and RNA polymerase stimulation. Mol Microbiol 43 119 134.