Thin basement membrane nephropathy

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 813-822

  Tryggvason, Karl ^a   Patrakka, Jaakko ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPORT SYNDROME; ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; HEMATURIA; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY BIOPSY; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY FAILURE; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEINURIA; THIN BASEMENT MEMBRANE NEPHROPATHY;

EID: 33645461560     PISSN: 10466673     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2005070737     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Savige J, Rana K, Tonna S, Buzza M, Dagher H, Wang YY: Thin basement membrane nephropathy. Kidney Int 64: 1169-1178, 2003
2. Kashtan CE: Familial hematuria due to type IV collagen mutations: Alport syndrome and thin basement membrane nephropathy. Curr Opin Pediatr 16: 177-181, 2004
3. Gregory MC: The clinical features of thin basement membrane nephropathy. Semin Nephrol 25: 140-145, 2005
4. Baehr G: Benign and curable form of hemorrhagic nephritis. JAMA 86: 1001-1004, 1926
5. Reyersbach GC, Butler AM: Congenital hereditary hematuria. N Engl J Med 251: 377-380, 1954
6. Russell E, Smith N: Hereditary hematuria. Am J Dis Child 98: 353-358, 1959
7. Rome L, Cuppage F, Vertes V: Familial hematuric nephritis. Pediatrics 38: 808-818, 1966
8. McConville JM, McAdams AJ: Familial and nonfamilial benign hematuria. J Pediatr 69: 207-214, 1966
9. Tina L, Jenis E, Jose P, Medani C, Papadopoulou Z, Calcagno P: The glomerular basement membrane in benign familial hematuria. Clin Nephrol 17: 1-4, 1982
10. Lemmink HH, Nillesen WN, Mochizuki T, Schroder CH, Brunner HG, van Oost BA, Monnens LA, Smeets HJ: Benign familial hematuria due to mutation of the type IV collagen alpha4 gene. J Clin Invest 98: 1114-1118, 1996
11. Rogers PW, Kurtzman NA, Bunn SM Jr, White MG: Familial benign essential hematuria. Arch Intern Med 131: 257-262, 1973
12. Gubler MC, Levy M, Naizot C, Habib R: Glomerular basement membrane changes in hereditary glomerular diseases. Ren Physiol 3: 405-413, 1980
13. Peterson AS, Schubert JJ: Benign hereditary nephritis. J Fam Pract 4: 437-441, 1977
14. Mihatsch MJ, Zollinger HU: Kidney disease. Pathol Res Pract 167: 88-117, 1980
15. Longo I, Porcedda P, Mari F, Giachino D, Meloni I, Depiano C, Brusco A, Bosio M, Massella L, Lavoratti G, Roccatello D, Frasca G, Mazzucco G, Muda AO, Conti M, Fasciolo F, Arrondel C, Heidet L, Renieri A, De Marchi M: COL4A3/COL4A4 mutations: From familial hematuria to autosomal-dominant or recessive Alport syndrome. Kidney Int 61: 1947-1956, 2002
16. Dische FE, Anderson VE, Keane SJ, Taube D, Bewick M, Parsons V: Incidence of thin membrane nephropathy: Morphometric investigation of a population sample. J Clin Pathol 43: 457-460, 1990
17. Perry GJ, George CR, Field MJ, Collett PV, Kalowski S, Wyndham RN, Newland RC, Lin BP, Kneale KL, Lawrence JR: Thin-membrane nephropathy-A common cause of glomerular haematuria. Med J Aust 151: 638-642, 1989
18. Aarons I, Smith PS, Davies RA, Woodroffe AJ, Clarkson AR: Thin membrane nephropathy: A clinico-pathological study. Clin Nephrol 32: 151-158, 1989
19. Takemura T, Yanagida H, Yagi K, Moriwaki K, Okada M: Alport syndrome and benign familial hematuria (thin basement membrane disease) in two brothers of a family with hematuria. Clin Nephrol 60: 195-200, 2003
20. Basta-Jovanovic G, Venkataseshan VS, Gil J, Kim DU, Dikman SH, Churg J: Morphometric analysis of glomerular basement membranes (GBM) in thin basement membrane disease (TBMD). Clin Nephrol 33: 110-114, 1990
21. Colville D, Savige J, Branley P, Wilson D: Ocular abnormalities in thin basement membrane disease. Br J Ophthalmol 81: 373-377, 1997
22. Sakai K, Muramatsu M, Ogiwara H, Kawamura T, Arai K, Aikawa A, Ohara T, Mizuiri S, Joh K, Naito I, Hasegawa A: Living related kidney transplantation in a patient with autosomal-recessive Alport syndrome. Clin Transplant 17[Suppl 10]: 4-8, 2003
23. Buzza M, Wilson D, Savige J: Segregation of hematuria in thin basement membrane disease with haplotypes at the loci for Alport syndrome. Kidney Int 59: 1670-1676, 2001
24. Buzza M, Dagher H, Wang YY, Wilson D, Babon JJ, Cotton RG, Savige J: Mutations in the COL4A4 gene in thin basement membrane disease. Kidney Int 63: 447-453, 2003
25. Ueda T, Nakajima M, Akazawa H, Maruhashi Y, Shimoyama H, Sakagami Y, Takagawa K, Kamitsuji H, Naito I, Sado Y, Yoshioka A: Quantitative analysis of glomerular type IV collagen alpha3-5 chain expression in children with thin basement membrane disease. Nephron 92: 271-278, 2002
26. Nieuwhof CM, de Heer F, de Leeuw P, van Breda Vriesman PJ: Thin GBM nephropathy: Premature glomerular obsolescence is associated with hypertension and late onset renal failure. Kidney Int 51: 1596-1601, 1997
27. Abe S, Amagasaki Y, Iyori S, Konishi K, Kato E, Sakaguchi H, Shimoyama K: Thin basement membrane syndrome in adults. J Clin Pathol 40: 318-322, 1987
28. Gauthier B, Trachtman H, Frank R, Valderrama E: Familial thin basement membrane nephropathy in children with asymptomatic microhematuria. Nephron 51: 502-508, 1989
29. Lang S, Stevenson B, Risdon RA: Thin basement membrane nephropathy as a cause of recurrent haematuria in childhood. Histopathology 16: 331-337, 1990
30. Makino H, Ichiyasu A, Ota Z: Two cases of aortitis syndrome associated with thin basement membrane nephropathy. Clin Nephrol 37: 106-107, 1992
31. Roy-Chaudhury P, Simpson JG, Edward N: Profuse haematuria and clot colic in thin basement membrane nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 7: 1139-1141, 1992
32. Saxena S, Davis DJ: Glomerular alterations in idiopathic haematuria-Ultrastructural and morphometric analysis. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 35: 326-332, 1992
33. Collar JE, Ladva S, Cairns TD, Cattell V: Red cell traverse through thin glomerular basement membranes. Kidney Int 59: 2069-2072, 2001
34. Wang YY, Rana K, Tonna S, Lin T, Sin L, Savige J: COL4A3 mutations and their clinical consequences in thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN). Kidney Int 65: 786-790, 2004
35. Gregory MC: Alport syndrome and thin basement membrane nephropathy: Unraveling the tangled strands of type IV collagen. Kidney Int 65: 1109-1110, 2004
36. Saxena U, Auerbach BJ, Ferguson E, Wolle J, Marcel YL, Weisgraber KH, Hegele RA, Bisgaier CL: Apolipoprotein B and E basic amino acid clusters influence low-density lipoprotein association with lipoprotein lipase anchored to the subendothelial matrix. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 15: 1240-1247, 1995
37. Hostikka SL, Eddy RL, Byers MG, Hoyhtya M, Shows TB, Tryggvason K: Identification of a distinct type IV collagen alpha chain with restricted kidney distribution and assignment of its gene to the locus of X chromosome-linked Alport syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 1606-1610, 1990
38. Barker DF, Hostikka SL, Zhou J, Chow LT, Oliphant AR, Gerken SC, Gregory MC, Skolnick MH, Atkin CL, Tryggvason K: Identification of mutations in the COL4A5 collagen gene in Alport syndrome. Science 248: 1224-1227, 1990
39. Mariyama M, Leinonen A, Mochizuki T, Tryggvason K, Reeders ST: Complete primary structure of the human alpha 3(IV) collagen chain. Coexpression of the alpha 3(IV) and alpha 4(IV) collagen chains in human tissues. J Biol Chem 269: 23013-23017, 1994
40. Leinonen A, Mariyama M, Mochizuki T, Tryggvason K, Reeders ST: Complete primary structure of the human type IV collagen alpha 4(IV) chain. Comparison with structure and expression of the other alpha (IV) chains. J Biol Chem 269: 26172-26177, 1994
41. Mochizuki T, Lemmink HH, Mariyama M, Antignac C, Gubler MC, Pirson Y, Verellen-Dumoulin C, Chan B, Schroder CH, Smeets HJ, Reeders ST: Identification of mutations in the alpha 3(IV) and alpha 4(IV) collagen genes in autosomal recessive Alport syndrome. Nat Genet 8: 77-81, 1994
42. Badenas C, Praga M, Tazon B, Heidet L, Arrondel C, Armengol A, Andres A, Morales E, Camacho JA, Lens X, Davila S, Mila M, Antignac C, Darnell A, Torra R: Mutations in the COL4A4 and COL4A3 genes cause familial benign hematuria. J Am Soc Nephrol 13: 1248-1254, 2002
43. Yoshikawa N, Matsuyama S, Iijima K, Maehara K, Okada S, Matsuo T: Benign familial hematuria. Arch Pathol Lab Med 112: 794-797, 1988
44. Marks MI, McLaine PN, Drummond KN: Proteinuria in children with febrile illnesses. Arch Mem Med 45: 250-253, 1970
45. Piqueras AI, White RH, Raafat F, Moghal N, Milford DV: Renal biopsy diagnosis in children presenting with haematuria. Pediatr Nephrol 12: 386-391, 1998
46. Auwardt R, Savige J, Wilson D: A comparison of the clinical and laboratory features of thin basement membrane disease (TBMD) and IgA glomerulonephritis (IgA GN). Clin Nephrol 52: 1-4, 1999
47. Goel S, Davenport A, Goode NP, Shires M, Hall CL, Harrison PR, Maciver AG: Clinical features and outcome of patients with thin and ultrathin glomerular membranes. QJM 88: 785-793, 1995
48. Blumenthal SS, Fritsche C, Lemann J Jr: Establishing the diagnosis of benign familial hematuria. The importance of examining the urine sediment of family members. JAMA 259: 2263-2266, 1988
49. Roth KS, Amaker BH, Chan JC: Pediatric hematuria and thin basement membrane nephropathy: What is it and what does it mean? Clin Pediatr (Phila) 40: 607-613, 2001
50. Tiebosch AT, Frederik PM, van Breda Vriesman PJ, Mooy JM, van Rie H, van de Wiel TW, Wolters J, Zeppenfeldt E: Thin-basement-membrane nephropathy in adults with persistent hematuria. N Engl J Med 320: 14-18, 1989
51. Wang YY, Savige J: The epidemiology of thin basement membrane nephropathy. Semin Nephrol 25: 136-139, 2005
52. Dodge WF, West EF, Smith EH, Bruce H 3rd: Proteinuria and hematuria in schoolchildren: Epidemiology and early natural history. J Pediatr 88: 327-347, 1976
53. Vehaskari VM, Rapola J, Koskimies O, Savilahti E, Vilska J, Hallman N: Microscopic hematuria in school children: Epidemiology and clinicopathologic evaluation. J Pediatr 95: 676-684, 1979
54. Ritchie CD, Bevan EA, Collier SJ: Importance of occult haematuria found at screening. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 292: 681-683, 1986
55. Hogg RJ, Harris S, Lawrence DM, Henning PH, Wigg N, Jureidini KF: Renal tract abnormalities detected in Australian preschool children. J Paediatr Child Health 34: 420-424, 1998
56. Chadban SJ, Briganti EM, Kerr PG, Dunstan DW, Welborn TA, Zimmet PZ, Atkins RC: Prevalence of kidney damage in Australian adults: The AusDiab kidney study. J Am Soc Nephrol 14[Suppl 2]: S131-S138, 2003
57. Trachtman H, Weiss RA, Bennett B, Greifer I: Isolated hematuria in children: Indications for a renal biopsy. Kidney Int 25: 94-99, 1984
58. Packham DK, Perkovic V, Savige J, Broome MR: Hematuria in thin basement membrane nephropathy. Semin Nephrol 25: 146-148, 2005
59. Dische FE, Weston MJ, Parsons V: Abnormally thin glomerular basement membranes associated with hematuria, proteinuria or renal failure in adults. Am J Nephrol 5: 103-109, 1985
60. Schroder CH, Bontemps CM, Assmann KJ, Schuurmans Stekhoven JH, Foidart JM, Monnens LA, Veerkamp JH: Renal biopsy and family studies in 65 children with isolated hematuria. Acta Paediatr Scand 79: 630-636, 1990
61. van Paassen P, van Breda Vriesman PJ, van Rie H, Tervaert JW: Signs and symptoms of thin basement membrane nephropathy: A prospective regional study on primary glomerular disease-The Limburg Renal Registry. Kidney Int 66: 909-913, 2004
62. Foster K, Markowitz GS, D'Agati VD: Pathology of thin basement membrane nephropathy. Semin Nephrol 25: 149-158, 2005
63. Kincaid-Smith P: Thin basement membrane disease. In: Textbook of Nephrology, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1995, pp 760-764
64. Bloom P, Hartmann J, Vernier R: An electron microscopic evaluation of the width of normal basement membrane in children with hematuria. J Pathol 142: 263-267, 1984
65. Hill G, Jenis E, Goodloe S: The nonspecificity of the ultrastructural alterations in hereditary nephritis with additional observations in benign familial hematuria. Lab Invest 31: 516-532, 1974
66. Inoue S: Ultrastructural architecture of basement membranes. Contrib Nephrol 107: 21-28, 1994
67. Osawa G, Kimmelstiel P, Selling V: Thickness of glomerular basement membranes. Am J Clin Pathol 45: 7-20, 1966
68. Haynes WD: The normal human renal glomerulus. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 35: 133-158, 1981
69. Gundersen HJ, Jensen TB, Osterby R: Distribution of membrane thickness determined by lineal analysis. J Microsc 113: 27-43, 1978
70. Jensen EB, Gundersen HJ, Osterby R: Determination of membrane thickness distribution from orthogonal intercepts. J Microsc 115: 19-33, 1979
71. Steffes MW, Barbosa J, Basgen JM, Sutherland DE, Najarian JS, Mauer SM: Quantitative glomerular morphology of the normal human kidney. Lab Invest 49: 82-86, 1983
72. Vogler C, McAdams AJ, Homan SM: Glomerular basement membrane and lamina densa in infants and children: an ultrastructural evaluation. Pediatr Pathol 7: 527-534, 1987
73. Churg J, Bernstein J, Glassock R: Renal Disease: Classification and Atlas of Glomerular Diseases, 2nd Ed., New York, Igaku-Shoin, 1995
74. Cosio FG, Falkenhain ME, Sedmak DD: Association of thin glomerular basement membrane with other glomerulopathies. Kidney Int 46: 471-474, 1994
75. Shindo S, Yoshimoto M, Kuriya N, Bernstein J: Glomerular basement membrane thickness in recurrent and persistent hematuria and nephrotic syndrome: Correlation with sex and age. Pediatr Nephrol 2: 196-199, 1988
76. Saxena S, Davies DJ, Kirsner RL: Thin basement membranes in minimally abnormal glomeruli. J Clin Pathol 43: 32-38, 1990
77. Marquez B, Stavrou F, Zouvani I, Anastasiades E, Patsias C, Pierides A, Kyriacou K: Thin glomerular basement membranes in patients with hematuria and minimal change disease. Ultrastruct Pathol 23: 149-156, 1999
78. Nogueira M, Cartwright J Jr, Horn K, Doe N, Shappell S, Barrios R, Coroneos E, Truong LD: Thin basement membrane disease with heavy proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome at presentation. Am J Kidney Dis 35: E15, 2000
79. Dische FE: Measurement of glomerular basement membrane thickness and its application to the diagnosis of thin-membrane nephropathy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 116: 43-49, 1992
80. Gubler MC, Knebelmann B, Beziau A, Broyer M, Pirson Y, Haddoum F, Kleppel MM, Antignac C: Autosomal recessive Alport syndrome: Immunohistochemical study of type IV collagen chain distribution. Kidney Int 47: 1142-1147, 1995
81. Kashtan CE: The nongenetic diagnosis of thin basement membrane nephropathy. Semin Nephrol 25: 159-162, 2005
82. Rana K, Wang YY, Buzza M, Tonna S, Zhang KW, Lin T, Sin L, Padavarat S, Savige J: The genetics of thin basement membrane nephropathy. Semin Nephrol 25: 163-170, 2005
83. Lajoie G: Approach to the diagnosis of thin basement membrane nephropathy in females with the use of antibodies to type IV collagen. Arch Pathol Lab Med 125: 631-636, 2001
84. Pettersson E, Tornroth T, Wieslander J: Abnormally thin glomerular basement membrane and the Goodpasture epitope. Clin Nephrol 33: 105-109, 1990
85. Hudson BG, Reeders ST, Tryggvason K: Type IV collagen: Structure, gene organization, and role in human diseases. Molecular basis of Goodpasture and Alport syndromes and diffuse leiomyomatosis. J Biol Chem 268: 26033-26036, 1993
86. Hudson BG, Tryggvason K, Sundaramoorthy M, Neilson EG: Alport's syndrome, Goodpasture's syndrome, and type IV collagen. N Engl J Med 348: 2543-2556, 2003
87. Miner JH, Sanes JR: Collagen IV alpha 3, alpha 4, and alpha 5 chains in rodent basal laminae: Sequence, distribution, association with laminins, and developmental switches. J Cell Biol 127: 879-891, 1994
88. Saito K, Naito I, Seki T, Oohashi T, Kimura E, Momota R, Kishiro Y, Sado Y, Yoshioka H, Ninomiya Y: Differential expression of mouse alpha5(IV) and alpha6(IV) collagen genes in epithelial basement membranes. J Biochem (Tokyo) 128: 427-434, 2000
89. Lemmink HH, Mochizuki T, van den Heuvel LP, Schroder CH, Barrientos A, Monnens LA, van Oost BA, Brunner HG, Reeders ST, Smeets HJ: Mutations in the type IV collagen alpha 3 (COL4A3) gene in autosomal recessive Alport syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 3: 1269-1273, 1994
90. Ozen S, Ertoy D, Heidet L, Cohen-Solal L, Ozen H, Besbas N, Bakkaoglu A, Antignac C: Benign familial hematuria associated with a novel COL4A4 mutation. Pediatr Nephrol 16: 874-877, 2001
91. Gross O, Netzer KO, Lambrecht R, Seibold S, Weber M: Novel COL4A4 splice defect and in-frame deletion in a large consanguine family as a genetic link between benign familial haematuria and autosomal Alport syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 18: 1122-1127, 2003
92. Tazon Vega B, Badenas C, Ars E, Lens X, Mila M, Darnell A, Torra R: Autosomal recessive Alport's syndrome and benign familial hematuria are collagen type IV diseases. Am J Kidney Dis 42: 952-959, 2003
93. Martin P, Heiskari N, Zhou J, Leinonen A, Tumelius T, Hertz JM, Barker D, Gregory M, Atkin C, Styrkarsdottir U, Neumann H, Springate J, Shows T, Pettersson E, Tryggvason K: High mutation detection rate in the COL4A5 collagen gene in suspected Alport syndrome using PCR and direct DNA sequencing. J Am Soc Nephrol 9: 2291-2301, 1998
94. Jais JP, Knebelmann B, Giatras I, De Marchi M, Rizzoni G, Renieri A, Weber M, Gross O, Netzer KO, Flinter F, Pirson Y, Dahan K, Wieslander J, Persson U, Tryggvason K, Martin P, Hertz JM, Schroder C, Sanak M, Carvalho MF, Saus J, Antignac C, Smeets H, Gubler MC: X-linked Alport syndrome: Natural history and genotype-phenotype correlations in girls and women belonging to 195 families: A "European Community Alport Syndrome Concerted Action" study. J Am Soc Nephrol 14: 2603-2610, 2003
95. Rumpelt HJ, Langer KH, Scharer K, Straub E, Thoenes W: Split and extremely thin glomerular basement membranes in hereditary nephropathy (Alport's syndrome). Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 364: 225-233, 1974
96. Habib R, Gubler MC, Hinglais N, Noel LH, Droz D, Levy M, Mahieu P, Foidart JM, Perrin D, Bois E, Grunfeld JP: Alport's syndrome: Experience at Hopital Necker. Kidney Int Suppl 11: S20-S28, 1982
97. Liapis H, Gokden N, Hmiel P, Miner JH: Histopathology, ultrastructure, and clinical phenotypes in thin glomerular basement membrane disease variants. Hum Pathol 33: 836-845, 2002
98. Yamazaki H, Nakagawa Y, Saito A: No linkage to COL4A3 gene locus in Japanese thin basement membrane disease families. Nephrology 1: 315-321, 1995
99. Piccini M, Casari G, Zhou J, Bruttini M, Volti SL, Ballabio A, Renieri A: Evidence for genetic heterogeneity in benign familial hematuria. Am J Nephrol 19: 464-467, 1999
100. Lemmink HH, Schroder CH, Monnens LA, Smeets HJ: The clinical spectrum of type IV collagen mutations. Hum Mutat 9: 477-499, 1997
101. Dagher H, Yan Wang Y, Fassett R, Savige J: Three novel COL4A4 mutations resulting in stop codons and their clinical effects in autosomal recessive Alport syndrome. Hum Mutat 20: 321-322, 2002
102. van der Loop FT, Heidet L, Timmer ED, van den Bosch BJ, Leinonen A, Antignac C, Jefferson JA, Maxwell AP, Monnens LA, Schroder CH, Smeets HJ: Autosomal dominant Alport syndrome caused by a COL4A3 splice site mutation. Kidney Int 58: 1870-1875, 2000
103. Ciccarese M, Casu D, Ki Wong F, Faedda R, Arvidsson S, Tonolo G, Luthman H, Satta A: Identification of a new mutation in the alpha4(IV) collagen gene in a family with autosomal dominant Alport syndrome and hypercholesterolaemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16: 2008-2012, 2001
104. Levy M, Feingold J: Estimating prevalence in single-gene kidney diseases progressing to renal failure. Kidney Int 58: 925-943, 2000
105. Dagher H, Buzza M, Colville D, Jones C, Powell H, Fassett R, Wilson D, Agar J, Savige J: A comparison of the clinical, histopathologic, and ultrastructural phenotypes in carriers of X-linked and autosomal recessive Alport's syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis 38: 1217-1228, 2001
106. Knebelmann B, Breillat C, Forestier L, Arrondel C, Jacassier D, Giatras I, Drouot L, Deschenes G, Grunfeld JP, Broyer M, Gubler MC, Antignac C: Spectrum of mutations in the COL4A5 collagen gene in X-linked Alport syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 59: 1221-1232, 1996
107. Renieri A, Bruttini M, Galli L, Zanelli P, Neri T, Rossetti S, Turco A, Heiskari N, Zhou J, Gusmano R, Massella L, Banfi G, Scolari F, Sessa A, Rizzoni G, Tryggvason K, Pignatti PF, Savi M, Ballabio A, De Marchi M: X-linked Alport syndrome: An SSCP-based mutation survey over all 51 exons of the COL4A5 gene. Am J Hum Genet 58: 1192-1204, 1996
108. Kawai S, Nomura S, Harano T, Harano K, Fukushima T, Osawa G: The COL4A5 gene in Japanese Alport syndrome patients: Spectrum of mutations of all exons. The Japanese Alport Network. Kidney Int 49: 814-822, 1996
109. Frasca GM, Soverini L, Gharavi AG, Lifton RP, Canova C, Preda P, Vangelista A, Stefoni S: Thin basement membrane disease in patients with familial IgA nephropathy. J Nephrol 17: 778-785, 2004