A motive to serve: Public service motivation in human resource management and the role of PSM in the nonprofit sector

Public Personnel Management

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 33-47

  Mann, Gregory A ^a,b  

^a NASA Headquarters ^*  (United States)

^b NASA HEADQUARTERS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33645372808     PISSN: 00910260     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/009102600603500103     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Perry, James L., and Lois R. Wise. 1990. The Motivational Bases of Public Service. Public Administration Review 50(3): 367-73.
2. See Brewer, Gene A. 2002. "Public Service Motivation:Theory, Evidence, and Prospects for Research." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Boston, MA;
3. Crewson, Philip E. 1997. Public Service Motivation: Building Empirical Evidence of Incidence and Effect. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7(4): 499-518;
4. Light, Paul C. 2002. The Content of Their Character:The State of the Nonprofit Workforce. The Nonprofit Quarterly 9(3): 6-16;
5. and Rainey, Hal G. 1982. Reward Preferences Among Public and Private Managers: In Search of the Service Ethic. American Review of Public Administration 16(4): 288-302.
6. Rainey, Hal G. 1982. Reward Preferences Among Public and Private Managers: In Search of the Service Ethic. American Review of Public Administration 16(4): 288-302.
7. Ibid.
8. Rainey, Hal G. 1997. Understanding and Managing Public Organizations. 2d ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
9. Brewer, Gene A. 2002. "Public Service Motivation:Theory, Evidence, and Prospects for Research." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Boston, MA.
10. Perry, James L., and Lois R. Wise. 1990. The Motivational Bases of Public Service. Public Administration Review 50(3): 367-73.
11. Perry, James. L. 1997. Antecedents of Public Service Motivation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7(2): 181-208.
12. Alonso, Pablo, and Gregory B. Lewis. 2001. Public Service Motivation and Job Performance: Evidence From the Federal Sector. American Review of Public Administration 31(4): 363-381.
13. Brewer, Gene A., Sally Coleman Selden, and Facer, Rex L. II. 2000. Individual Conceptions of Public Service Motivation. Public Administration Review 60(3): 254-264.
14. Perry, James. L. 1997. Antecedents of Public Service Motivation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7(2): 181-208.
15. Perry, James. L. 2000. Bringing Society In: Toward a Theory of Public Service Motivation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(2): 471-488.
16. Crewson, Philip E. 1997. Public Service Motivation: Building Empirical Evidence of Incidence and Effect. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7(4): 499-518.
17. Cited by: Brewer, Gene A. 2002. "Public Service Motivation:Theory, Evidence, and Prospects for Research." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Boston, MA.
18. Houston, David. J. 2000. Public Service Motivation: A Multivariate Test. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(4): 713-727.
19. Brewer, Gene A., Sally Coleman Selden, and Facer, Rex L. II. 2000. Individual Conceptions of Public Service Motivation. Public Administration Review 60(3): 254-264.
20. Brewer, Gene A. 2002. "Public Service Motivation:Theory, Evidence, and Prospects for Research." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Boston, MA; p. 79-85.
21. Rainey, Hal G. 1997. Understanding and Managing Public Organizations. 2d ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers, p.201.
22. Brewer, Gene A., and Sally Coleman Selden. 1998. Why Elephants Gallop: Assessing and Predicting Organizational Performance in Federal Agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 8(3): p. 413.
23. Abraham Maslow (1954) formulated a theory involving a hierarchy of needs, with the lowest level needs being psychological, followed by security needs and then belonging needs. At the top of the hierarchy were the psychological needs and the self-actualization needs.
24. Frederick Herzberg (1959) developed the Two Factors theory, which consisted of bygiene factors (e.g. pay, job security, working conditions) that do not lead to higher levels of motivation - though a lack of them leads to dissatisfaction - and the motivators (achievement, recognition, job interest), which can satisfy employees and motivate them - but the absence of these does not lead to great dissatisfaction.
25. In his expectancy theory, Victor Vroom (1964) argued that individuals make choices based on their estimation of how well the expected results of a given behavior will match up with the desired results.
26. In equity theory of motivation, John Stacey Adams (1963) asserted that employees their efforts and rewards with those of their peers, seeking to achieve a level of equity between the perceived efforts and rewards.
27. Perry, James. L. 2000. Bringing Society In: Toward a Theory of Public Service Motivation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(2): 471-488.
28. Condrey, Stephen E. (Ed.). 1998. Handbook of Human Resource Management in Government. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
29. Brewer, Gene A. 2002. "Public Service Motivation:Theory, Evidence, and Prospects for Research." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Boston, MA.
30. Houston, David. J. 2000. Public Service Motivation: A Multivariate Test. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(4): 713-727.
31. Rainey, Hal G. 1997. Understanding and Managing Public Organizations. 2d ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
32. Condrey, Stephen E. (Ed.). 1998. Handbook of Human Resource Management in Government. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
33. Brewer, Gene A., Sally Coleman Selden, and Facer, Rex L II. 2000. Individual Conceptions of Public Service Motivation. Public Administration Review 60(3): p. 261.
34. Rainey, Hal G. 1997. Understanding and Managing Public Organizations. 2d ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
35. Perry, James L., and Lois R. Wise. 1990. The Motivational Bases of Public Service. Public Administration Review 50(3): 367-73.
36. Cited by: Alonso, Pablo, and Gregory B. Lewis. 2001. Public Service Motivation and Job Performance: Evidence From the Federal Sector. American Review of Public Administration 31(4): 363-381.
37. Crewson, Philip E. 1997. Public Service Motivation: Building Empirical Evidence of Incidence and Effect. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7(4): 499-518.
38. Brewer, Gene A., and Sally Coleman Selden. 1998. Why Elephants Gallop: Assessing and Predicting Organizational Performance in Federal Agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 8(3): 413-39.
39. Naff, Catherine C., and John Crum. 1999. Working For America: Does Public Service Motivation Make a Difference? Review of Public Personnel Administration 19(4): 5-16.
40. Per the 1996 Merit Systems Protections Board survey data, a majority of employees are rated as above average.
41. Alonso, Pablo, and Gregory B. Lewis. 2001. Public Service Motivation and Job Performance: Evidence From the Federal Sector. American Review of Public Administration 31(4): 363-381.
42. Condrey, Stephen E. (Ed.). 1998. Handbook of Human Resource Management in Government. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers: p. 576.
43. Heneman, R.I., 1992. Merit Pay. Heading, Mass: Addison Wesley Longman;
44. Kellough, J. Kdward, and Haoran Lu. 1993. The Paradox of Merit Pay in the Public Sector: Persistence of a Problematic Procedure. Review of Public Personnel Administration 13(2): 45-64;
45. and Ingraham, Patricia. 1993. Of Pigs in Pokes and Policy Diffusion: Another Look at Pay-For-Performance. Public Administration Review 53: 230-50.
46. Condrey, Stephen K. (Ed.). 1998. Handbook of Human Resource Management in Government. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
47. Crewson, Philip E. 1997. Public Service Motivation: Building Empirical Evidence of Incidence and Effect. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7(4): 499-518;
48. Brewer, Gene A., Sally Coleman Selden, and Facer, Rex I., II. 2000. Individual Conceptions of Public Service Motivation. Public Administration Review 60(3): 254-264;
49. and Houston, David. J. 2000. Public-Service Motivation: A Multivariate Test. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(4): 713-727.
50. Alonso, Pablo, and Gregory B. Lewis. 2001. Public Service Motivation and Job Performance: Evidence From the Federal Sector. American Review of Public Administration 31(4): 363-381.
51. Lewis, Gregory B., and Sue A. Frank. 2002. Who Wants to Work for the Government? Public Administration Review 62(4): 395-404.
52. Condrey, Stephen K. (Ed.). 1998. Handbook of Human Resource Management in Government. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
53. Lewis, Gregory B., and Sue A. Frank. 2002. Who Wants to Work for the Government? Public Administration Review 62(4): 395-404.
54. Brewer, Gene A. 2002. "Public Service Motivation:Theory, Evidence, and Prospects for Research." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Boston, MA; p. 1.
55. Rainey, Hal G. 1982. Reward Preferences Among Public and Private Managers: In Search of the Service Ethic. American Review of Public Administration 16(4): 288-302.
56. Perry, James L., and Lois R. Wise. 1990. The Motivational Bases of Public Service. Public Administration Review 50(3): 367-73.
57. Perry, James. L. 1997. Antecedents of Public Service Motivation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7(2): 181-208;
58. Crewson, Philip E. 1997. Public Service Motivation: Building Empirical Evidence of Incidence and Effect. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7(4): 499-518;
59. Brewer, Gene A., and Sally Coleman Selden. 1998. Whistleblowers in the Federal Civil Service: New Evidence of the Public Service Ethic. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 8(3): 413-39;
60. and Alonso, Pablo, and Gregory B. Lewis. 2001. Public Service Motivation and Job Performance: Evidence From the Federal Sector. American Review of Public Administration 31(4): 363-381.
61. Lewis, Gregory B., and Sue A. Frank. 2002. Who Wants to Work for the Government? Public Administration Review 62(4): p. 403.
62. United States Office of Personnel Management. What Do Federal Employees Say? Results from the 2002 Federal Human Capital Survey. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2003. This survey - the result of responses collected from more than 100,000 Federal employees who work for America at agencies across the Nation and around the world - can be found online at http://www.fbcs.opm.gov/pFriendlyIndex.htm.
63. Naff, Catherine C., and John Crum. 1999. Working For America: Does Public Service Motivation Make a Difference? Review of Public Personnel Administration 19(4): 5-16.
64. Crewson, Philip R. 1997. Public Service Motivation: Building Empirical Evidence of Incidence and Effect. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7(4): 499-518.
65. Rainey, Hal G. 1982. Howard Preferences Among Public and Private Managers: In Search of the Service Ethic. American Review of Public Administration 16(4): 288-302.
66. Gabris, Gerald T., and Simo, Gloria. 1995. Public Sector Motivation as an Independent Variable Affecting Career Decisions. Public Personnel Management 24:33-51.
67. Houston, David. J. 2000. Public Service Motivation: A Multivariate Test. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(4): 713-727.
68. Perry, James. L. 2000. Bringing Society In: Toward a Theory of Public Service Motivation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(2): 471-488.
69. Perry, James L., and Lois R. Wise. 1990. The Motivational Bases of Public Service. Public Administration Review 50(3): 367-73.
70. Brewer, Gene A., and Sally Coleman Selden. 1998. Why Elephants Gallop: Assessing and Predicting Organizational Performance in Federal Agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 8(3): p. 417.
71. Light, Paul C. 2002. The Content of Their Character:The State of the Nonprofit Workforce. The Nonprofit Quarterly 9(3): 6-16.
72. Winning the Talent War: New Brookings Survey Finds the Nonprofit Sector Has the Most Dedicated Workforce. Retrieved April 8, 2003. http://Winning the Talent War: New Brookings Survey Finds the Nonprofit Sector Has the Most Dedicated Workforce. Retrieved April 8, 2003. http://www.brook.edu/comm/news/ 20021003nonprofit.htm.
73. The random sample survey of 1,140 nonprofit workers was conducted by the Princeton Survey Research Associates under the direction of the Brookings Institution's Center for Public Service. Interviewing occurred between October 29, 2001 and January 2, 2002. The margin of error is plus or minus three percentage points. The sample sizes of the other surveys cited are 1,051 federal government employees and 1,005 private sector employees. The margin of error for these surveys is also plus or minus three percentage points. This project was funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Atlantic Philanthropies.
74. Winning the Talent War: New Brookings Survey Finds the Nonprofit Sector Has the Most Dedicated Workforce. Retrieved April 8, 2003. http://www.brook.edu/ comm/news/20021003nonprofit.htm.
75. Light, Paul C. 2002. The Content of Their Character:The State of the Nonprofit Workforce. The Nonprofit Quarterly 9(3): 6-16.
76. Ibid.
77. Winning the Talent War: New Brookings Survey Finds the Nonprofit Sector Has the Most Dedicated Workforce. Retrieved April 8, 2003. http://www.brook.edu/ comm/news/20021003nonprofit.htm.
78. Perry, James. L. 2000. Bringing Society In: Toward a Theory of Public Service Motivation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(2): p. 485.
79. Light, Paul C. 1999. The New Public Service. Washington, D.C:The Brookings Institution.
80. Alonso, Pablo, and Gregory B. Lewis. 2001. Public Service Motivation and Job Performance: Evidence From the Federal Sector. American Review of Public Administration 31(4): 363-381.
81. Lewis, Gregory B., and Sue A. Frank. 2002. Who Wants to Work for the Government? Public Administration Review 62(4): p.70.