Elliotherium kersteni, a new tritheledontid from the lower Elliot Formation (Upper Triassic) of South Africa

Journal of Paleontology

Volumn 80, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 333-342

  Sidor, C A ^a   Hancox, P J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NEW SPECIES; TRIASSIC; VERTEBRATE;

AFRICA; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EUSKELOSAURUS; PACHYGENELUS;

EID: 33645036961     PISSN: 00223360     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1666/0022-3360(2006)080[0333:EKANTF]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. AMALITZKY, V. 1922. Diagnoses of the new forms of vertebrates and plants from the Upper Permian of North Dvina. Bulletin of the Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, 16:329-340.
2. BONAPARTE, J. F. 1980. El primero Ictidosaurio (Reptilia-Therapsida) de America del Su, Chaliminia musterloides, del Triasico Superior de La Rioja, Republica Argentina. Actas II Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía y I Congreso Latinamericano de Paleontología, p. 123-133.
3. BONAPARTE, J. F., J. FERIGOLO, AND A. M. RIBEIRO. 2001. A primitive Late Triassic 'ictidosaur' from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Palaeontology, 44:623-635.
4. BONAPARTE, J. F., A. G. MARTINELLI, C. L. SCHULTZ, AND R. RUBERT. 2003. The sister group of mammals: small cynodonts from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 5:5-27.
5. BORDY, E. M., P. J. HANCOX, AND B. S. RUBIDGE. 2004. Fluvial style variations in the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Elliot Formation, main Karoo Basin, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 38:383-400.
6. BROOM, R. 1903. On the lower jaw of a small mammal from the Karroo beds of Aliwal North, South Africa. Geological Magazine, 10:345.
7. BROOM, R. 1912. On a new type of cynodont from the Stormberg. Annals of the South African Museum, 7:334-336.
8. BROOM, R. 1929. On some recent new light on the origin of mammals. Proceedings of the Linnean Society, New South Wales, 54:688-694.
9. BROOM, R. 1932. The Mammal-Like Reptiles of South Africa and the Origin of Mammals. Witherby, London, 376 p.
10. BROOM, R. 1937. A further contribution to our knowledge of the fossil reptiles of the Karoo. Proceedings of Zoological Society of London B, 107:299-318.
11. CHATTERJEE, S. 1983. An ictidosaur fossil from North America. Science, 220:1151-1153.
12. CROMPTON, A. W. 1958. The cranial morphology of a new genus and species of ictidosaurian. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 130:183-215.
13. CROMPTON, A. W. 1963. On the lower jaw of Diarthrognathus and the origin of the mammalian lower jaw. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 140:697-750.
14. CROMPTON, A. W., AND Z. LUO. 1993. Relationship of the Liassic mammals Sinoconodon, Morganucodon oehleri, and Dinnetherium, p. 30-44. In F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C. McKenna (eds.), Mammal Phylogeny: Mesozoic Differentiation, Multituberculates, Monotremes, Early Therians, and Marsupials. Springer-Verlag, New York.
15. DUNCAN, R. A., P. R. HOOPER, J. REHACEK, J. S. MARSH, AND A. R. DUNCAN. 1997. The timing and duration of the Karoo igneous event, southern Gondwana. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102:18127-18138.
16. FOURIE, S. 1974. The cranial morphology of Thrinaxodon liorhinus Seeley. Annals of the South African Museum, 65:337-400.
17. GAUTHIER, J., A. KLUGE, AND T. ROWE. 1988. Amniote phylogeny and the importance of fossils. Cladistics, 4:105-209.
18. GOW, C. E. 1980. The dentition of the Tritheledontidae (Therapsida: Cynodontia). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 208:461-481.
19. GOW, C. E. 1981. Pachygenelus, Diarthrognathus and the double jaw articulation. Palaeontologia Africana, 24:15.
20. GOW, C. E. 1994. New find of Diarthrognathus (Therapsida: Cynodontia) after seventy years. Palaeontologia Africana, 31:51-54.
21. GOW, C. E. 2001. A partial skeleton of the tritheledontid Pachygenelus (Therapsida: Cynodontia). Palaeontologia Africana, 37:93-97.
22. GOW, C. E., AND P. J. HANCOX. 1993. First complete skull of the Late Triassic Scalenodontoides (Reptilia Cynodontia) from southern Africa, p. 161-168. In S. G. Lucas and M. Morales (eds.), The Nonmarine Triassic. New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science Bulletin, No. 3.
23. HAUGHTON, S. H. 1924. The fauna and stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series. Annals of the South African Museum, 12:323-497.
24. HOPSON, J. A. 1964. The braincase of the advanced mammal-like reptile Bienotherium. Postilla, 87:1-30.
25. HOPSON, J. A. 1975. On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 71: 302-305.
26. HOPSON, J. A. 1984. Late Triassic traversodont cynodonts from Nova Scotia and southern Africa. Palaeontologia Africana, 25:181-201.
27. HOPSON, J. A., AND H. BARGHUSEN. 1986. An analysis of therapsid relationships, p. 83-106. In N. Hotton, P. D. MacLean, J. J. Roth, and E. C. Roth (eds.), The Ecology and Biology of the Mammal-Like Reptiles. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
28. HOPSON, J. A., AND J. W. KITCHING. 1972. A revised classification of cynodonts (Reptilia; Therapsida). Palaeontologia Africana, 14:71-85.
29. HOPSON, J. A., AND J. W. KITCHING. 2001. A probainognathian cynodont from South Africa and the phylogeny of nonmammalian cynodonts. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 156:3-35.
30. HOPSON, J. A., AND G. W. ROUGIER. 1993. Braincase structure in the oldest known skull of a therian mammal: Implications for mammalian systematics and cranial evolution. American Journal of Science, 293A: 268-299.
31. JOHNSON, M. R., C. J. VAN VUUREN, W. F. HEGENBERGER, R. KEY, AND U. SHOKO. 1996. Stratigraphy of the Karoo Supergroup in southern Africa: An overview. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 23:3-15.
32. KEMP, T. S. 1979. The primitive cynodont Procynosuchus: functional anatomy of the skull and relationships. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 285:73-122.
33. KEMP, T. S. 1983. The relationships of mammals. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 77:353-384.
34. KITCHING, J. W., AND M. A. RAATH. 1984. Fossils from the Elliot and Clarens formations (Karoo Sequence) of the northeastern Cape, Orange Free State and Lesotho, and a suggested biozonation based on tetrapods. Palaeontologia Africana, 25:111-125.
35. LUCAS, S. G., AND P. J. HANCOX. 2001. Tetrapod-based correlation of the nonmarine Upper Triassic of southern Africa. Albertiana, 25:5-9.
36. LUO, Z. 1994. Sister-group relationships of mammals and transformations of diagnostic mammalian characters, p. 98-128. In N. C. Fraser and H.-D. Sues (eds.), In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods. Cambridge University Press, New York.
37. LUO, Z., AND A. W. CROMPTON. 1994. Transformation of the quadrate (incus) through the transition from non-mammalian cynodonts to mammals. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 14:341-374.
38. LUO, Z., Z. KIELAN-JAWOROSKA, AND R. L. CIFELLI. 2002. In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammals. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 47:1-78.
39. MARTINELLI, A. G., J. F. BONAPARTE, C. L. SCHULTZ, AND R. RUBERT. In press. A new tritheledontid (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), and its phylogenetic relationships among carnivorous non-mammalian eucynodonts. Ameghiniana, 42:191-208.
40. OLSEN, P. E., AND P. M. GALTON. 1984. A review of the reptile and amphibian assemblages from the Stormberg of southern Africa, with special reference on the footprints and the age of the Stormberg. Palaeontologia Africana, 25:87-110.
41. OWEN, R. 1861. Palaeontology, or, A Systematic Summary of Extinct Animals and Their Geologic Relations. Adam and Charles Buck, Edinburgh, 463 p.
42. PARRINGTON, F. R. 1946. On a collection of Rhaetic mammalian teeth. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 116:707-728.
43. RAATH, M. 1972. Fossil vertebrate studies in Rhodesia: a new dinosaur (Reptilia, Saurischia) from near the Trias-Jurassic boundary. Arnoldia, 5:1-37.
44. ROWE, T. 1988. Definition, diagnosis, and the origin of Mammalia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 8:241-264.
45. ROWE, T. 1993. Phylogenetic systematics and the early history of mammals, p. 129-145. In F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C. McKenna (eds.), Mammal Phylogeny: Mesozoic Differentiation, Multituberculates, Monotremes, Early Therians, and Marsupials. Springer-Verlag, New York.
46. RUBIDGE, B. S., AND C. A. SIDOR. 2001. Evolutionary patterns among Permo-Triassic therapsids. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32:449-480.
47. SEELEY, H. G. 1894. Researches on the structure, organisation, and classification of the fossil Reptilia. Pt. IX. Section 1. On the Therosuchia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 185: 987-1018.
48. SEELEY, H. G. 1895. Researches on the structure, organization, and classification of the fossil Reptilia. Pt. 9, Sect. 5. On the skeleton in new Cynodontia from the Karroo rocks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 198:59-148.
49. SHUBIN, N. H., A. W. CROMPTON, H.-D. SUES, AND P. E. OLSEN. 1991. New fossil evidence on the sister-group of mammals and early Mesozoic faunal distributions. Science, 251:1063-1065.
50. SIDOR, C. A., AND R. M. H. SMITH. 2004. A new galesaurid (Therapsida: Cynodontia) from the Lower Triassic of South Africa. Palaeontology, 46:535-556.
51. SMITH, R. M. H., AND J. W. KITCHING. 1997. Sedimentology and vertebrate taphonomy of the Tritylodon Acme Zone: a reworked palaeosol in the Lower Jurassic Elliot Formation, Karoo Supergroup, South Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 131:29-50.
52. SUES, H.-D. 1985. The relationships of the Tritylodontidae (Synapsida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 85:205-217.
53. SUES, H.-D. 1986. The skull and dentition of two tritylodontid synapsids from the Lower Jurassic of western North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 151:217-268.
54. SWOFFORD, D. L. 1993. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign.
55. TATARINOV, L. P. 1968. Morphology and systematics of the Northern Dvinia cynodonts (Reptilia, Therapsida; Upper Permian). Postilla, 126: 1-15.
56. THULBORN, R. A. 1970. The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 49:235-245.
57. VISSER, J. N. J., AND B. J. V. BOTHA. 1980. Meander channel, point bar, crevasse splay and aeolian deposits from the Elliot Formation in Barkly Pass, north-eastern Cape. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 83:55-62.
58. VON HUENE, E. 1933. Zur kenntnis des Würtembergishen Rätbonebeds, etc. Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg, 89:65-128.
59. WATSON, D. M. S. 1913. On a new cynodont from the Stormberg. Geological Magazine, 10:145-148.
60. WATSON, D. M. S., AND A. S. ROMER. 1956. A classification of therapsid reptiles. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 114:37-89.
61. WIBLE, J. R. 1991. Origin of Mammalia: the craniodental evidence reexamined. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 11:1-28.
62. YATES, A. M. 2003. A definite prosauropod dinosaur from the lower Elliot Formation (Norian: Upper Triassic) of South Africa. Palaeontologia Africana, 39:63-68.
63. YATES, A. M., AND J. W. KITCHING. 2003. The earliest known sauropod dinosaur and the first steps towards sauropod locomotion. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 270:1753-1758.
64. YATES, A. M., P. J. HANCOX, AND B. S. RUBIDGE. 2004. The first record of a sauropod dinosaur from the upper Elliot Formation (Early Jurassic) of South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 100:504-506.
65. YOUNG, C.-C. 1947. Mammal-like reptiles from Lufeng, Yunnan, China. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 117:537-597.