Can apparent increases in muscle extensibility with regular stretch be explained by changes in tolerance to stretch?

Australian Journal of Physiotherapy

Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 45-50

  Folpp, Hollie ^a   Deall, Simon ^a   Harvey, Lisa A ^b   Gwinn, Tom ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Contracture; Extensibility; Muscle; Strecht

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; FEMALE; HAMSTRING; HEALTH PROGRAM; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MUSCLE CONTRACTURE; MUSCLE EXERCISE; MUSCLE FUNCTION; MUSCLE POTENTIAL; MUSCLE STRETCHING; NORMAL HUMAN; PHYSIOTHERAPY;

EID: 33645026680     PISSN: 00049514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0004-9514(06)70061-7     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Ada L and Canning A (1990): Anticipating and avoiding muscle shortening. In Ada L and Canning A (Eds): Key issues in neurological physiotherapy. London: Butterworth Heinemann, pp. 219-236.
2. Ada L, Goddard E, McCully J, Stavrinos T and Bampton J (2005): Thirty minutes of positioning reduces the development of shoulder external rotation contractures after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 86: 230-234.
3. Ben M, Harvey L, Denis S, Glinsky J, Goehl G, Chee S and Herbert RD (2005): Does 12 weeks of regular standing prevent loss of ankle mobility and bone mineral density in people with recent spinal cord injuries? Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 51: 251-256.
4. Bjorklund M, Hamberg J and Crenshaw AG (2001): Sensory adaptation after a 2-week stretching regimen of the rectus femoris muscle. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 82: 1245-1250.
5. Chan SP, Hong Y and Robinson PD (2001): Flexibility and passive resistance of the hamstrings of young adults using two different static stretching protocols. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 11: 81-86.
6. Dalyan M, Sherman A and Cardenas DD (1998): Factors associated with contractures in acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 36: 405-408.
7. Decoster LC, Cleland J, Altieri C and Russell P (2005): The effects of hamstring stretching on range of motion: a systematic literature review. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 35: 377-387.
8. Duong B, Low M, Moseley AM, Lee RY and Herbert RD (2001): Time course of stress relaxation and recovery in human ankles. Clinical Biomechanics 16: 601-607.
9. Gauvin MG, Riddle DL and Rothstein JM (1990): Reliability of clinical measurements of forward bending using the modified fingertip-to-floor method. Physical Therapy 70: 443-447.
10. Goldspink DF (1977): The influence of immobilization and stretch on protein turnover of rat skeletal muscle. Journal of Physiology 264: 267-282.
11. Goldspink DF (1978): The influence of passive stretch on the growth and turnover of the denervated extensor digitorum longus muscle. The Biochemical Journal 174: 595-602.
12. Goldspink G, Tarbary C, Tabary JC, Tardieu C and Tardier G (1974): Effect of denervation on the adaptation of sarcomere number and muscle extensibility to the functional length of the muscle. Journal of Physiology 236: 733-742.
13. Halbertsma JP and Goeken LN (1994): Stretching exercises: Effect on passive extensibility and stiffness in short hamstrings of healthy subjects. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 75: 976-981.
14. Harvey L, Herbert R and Crosbie J (2002): Does stretching induce lasting increases in joint ROM? A systematic review. Physiotherapy Research International 7: 1-13.
15. Harvey LA, McQuade L, Hawthorne S and Byak A (2003a): Quantifying the magnitude of torque physiotherapists apply when stretching the hamstring muscles of people with a spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 84: 1072-1075.
16. Harvey LA, Batty J, Crosbie J, Poulter S and Herbert RD (2000): A randomized trial assessing the effects of 4 weeks of daily stretching on ankle mobility in patients with spinal cord injuries. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 81: 1340-1347.
17. Harvey LA, Byak AJ, Ostrovskaya M, Glinsky J, Katte L and Herbert RD (2003b): Randomised trial of the effects of four weeks of daily stretch on extensibility of hamstring muscles in people with spinal cord injuries. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 49: 176-181.
18. Harvey LA and Herbert RD (2002): Muscle stretching for treatment and prevention of contracture in people with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 40: 1-9.
19. Herbert R (2004): Adaptations of muscle and connective tissue. In Gass E and Refshauge K (Eds): Musculoskeletal physiotherapy: Clinical science and practice. London: Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 39-44.
20. Herbert R and Gabriel M (2002): Effects of stretching before and after exercising on muscle soreness and risk of injury: Systematic review. British Medical Journal 325: 468-472.
21. Laessoe U and Voigt M (2003): Modification of stretch tolerance in a stooping position. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 13: 1-6.
22. Lannin N, Horsley S, Herbert R, McCluskey A and Cusick A (2003): Hand splinting in the functional position after brain impairment: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 84: 297-302.
23. Leong B (2002): Critical review of passive muscle stretch: implications for the treatment of children in vegetative and minimally conscious states. Brain Injury 16: 169-183.
24. Magnusson SP, Aagaard P, Simonsen E and Bojsen-Moller F (2000): Passive tensile stress and energy of the human hamstring muscle in vivo. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 10: 351-359.
25. Magnusson SP (1998): Passive properties of human skeletal muscle during stretch maneuvers. A review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 8: 65-77.
26. Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, Sorensen H and Kjaer M (1996a): A mechanism for altered flexibility in human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology 497: 291-298.
27. Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, Gleim GW, McHugh MP and Kjaer M (1995): Viscoelastic response to repeated static stretching in the human hamstring muscle. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 5: 342-347.
28. Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P and Kjaer M (1996b): Biomechanical responses to repeated stretches in human hamstring muscle in vivo. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 24: 622-628.
29. Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Dhyre-Poulsen P, Aagaard P, Mohr T and Kyaer M (1996c): Viscoelastic stress relaxation during static stretch in human skeletal muscle in the absence of EMG activity. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 6: 323-328.
30. Pocock S (1983): Clinical trials. A practical approach. Chichester: Wiley.
31. Pope R, Herbert R and Kirwan J (2000): A randomized trial of pre-exercise stretching for prevention of lower-limb injury. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32: 217-277.
32. Thacker S, Gilchrist J, Stroup D and Kimsey CJ (2004): The impact of stretching on sports injury risk: A systematic review of the literature. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 36: 371-378.
33. Turton A and Britton E (2005): A pilot randomized controlled trial of a daily muscle stretch regime to prevent contractures in the arm after stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 19: 600-612.
34. Weldon S and Hill R (2003): The efficacy of stretching for prevention of exercise-related injury: A systematic review of the literature. Manual Therapy 8: 141-150.
35. Williams P and Goldspink G (1973): The effect of immobilization on the longitudinal growth of striated muscle fibres. Journal of Anatomy 116: 45-55.
36. Williams PE (1990): Use of intermittent stretch in the prevention of serial sarcomere loss in immobilised muscle. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 49: 316-317.
37. Williams PE and Goldspink G (1978): Changes in sarcomere length and physiological properties in immobilized muscle. Journal of Anatomy 127: 459-468.
38. Witzmann FA, Kim DH and Fitts RH (1982): Hindlimb immobilization: Length-tension and contractile properties of skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology 53: 335-345.