Efficacy of iron and/or zinc supplementation on cognitive performance of lead-exposed Mexican schoolchildren: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Pediatrics

Volumn 117, Issue 3, 2006, Pages

  Rico, Javier Alatorre ^a   Kordas, Katarzyna ^b   López, Patricia ^c   Rosado, Jorge L ^d   Vargas, Gonzalo García ^e   Ronquillo, Dolores ^d   Stoltzfus, Rebecca J ^b  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

^b Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

^c INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y NUTRICIÓN SALVADOR ZUBIRÁN   (Mexico)

^d UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE QUERÉTARO   (Mexico)

^e UNIVERSIDAD JUÁREZ DEL ESTADO DE DURANGO   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Child; Cognitive function; Lead toxicity; Nutritional deficiency

Indexed keywords

IRON; LEAD; PLACEBO; ZINC; FERRITIN; FERROUS FUMARATE; FERROUS ION; ZINC OXIDE;

ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LEAD BLOOD LEVEL; LEARNING; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEXICO; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCHOOL CHILD; SEX DIFFERENCE; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; BLOOD; CHILD; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG COMBINATION; DRUG EFFECT; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; INTELLIGENCE TEST; METALLURGY;

CHILD; COGNITION; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; FERRITINS; FERROUS COMPOUNDS; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE TESTS; LEAD; MALE; METALLURGY; ZINC; ZINC OXIDE;

EID: 33645019697     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 02105721     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-1172     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Bellinger DC. Lead. Pediatrics. 2004;113:1016-1022
2. Bellinger DC. Interpreting the literature on lead and child development: the neglected role of the "experimental system." Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1995;17:201-212
3. Bellinger DC, Foley Adams H. Environmental pollutant exposures and children's cognitive abilities. In: Sternberg RJ, Grigorenko EL, eds. Environmental Effects on Cognitive Abilities. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2001:163-166
4. Lanphear BP, Dietrich K, Auinger P, et al. Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations <10μg/dL in US children and adolescents. Public Health Rep. 2000;115:521-529
5. Chiodo LM, Jacobson SW, Jacobson JL. Neurodevelopmental effects of postnatal lead exposure at very low levels. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2004;26:359-371
6. Canfield RL, Henderson CR, Cory-Slechta D, et al. Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 μg per deciliter. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1517-1526
7. Centers for Disease Control. Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control; 1991
8. Tong S, von Schirnding YE, Prapamontol T. Environmental lead exposure: a public health problem of global dimensions. Bull WHO. 2000;78:1068-1077
9. Seshadri S, Gopaldas T. Impact of iron supplementation on cognitive functions in preschool and school-aged children: the Indian experience. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:675-686
10. Pollitt E, Hathirat P, Ktchabhakdi NJ, Missel L, Valyasevi A. Iron deficiency and educational achievement in Thailand. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:687S-696S
11. Soewondo S, Husaini M, Pollitt E. Effects of iron deficiency on attention and learning processes in preschool children: Bandung, Indonesia. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:667S-673S
12. Sandstead HH, Penland JG, Alcock NW, et al. Effects of repletion with zinc and other micronutrients on neuropsychologic performance and growth of Chinese children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68:470S-475S
13. Piomelli S, Seaman C, Kapoor S. Lead-induced abnormalities of porphyrin metabolism. The relationship with iron defi-ciency. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1987;514:278-288
14. Wright RO, Shannon MW, Wright RJ, Hu H. Association between iron deficiency and low-level lead poisoning in an urban primary care clinic. Am J Public Health. 1999;89:1049-1053
15. Wright RO, Shirng-Wern T, Schwartz J, Wright RJ, Hu H. Association between iron deficiency and blood lead level in a longitudinal analysis of children followed in an urban primary care clinic. J Pediatr. 2003;142:9-14
16. Barton JC, Conrad ME, Nuby S, Harrison L. Effects of iron on the absorption and retention of lead. J Lab Clin Med. 1978;92:536-547
17. Bannon DI, Portnoy ME, Peter LO, Lees PSJ, Culotta VC, Bressler JP. Uptake of lead and iron by divalent metal transporter 1 in yeast mammalian cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;295:978-984
18. Hammad TA, Sexton M, Langenberg P. Relationship between blood lead and dietary iron intake in preschool children, a cross-sectional study. Ann Epidemiol. 1996;6:30-33
19. Wolf AW, Jimenez E, Lozoff B. Effects of iron therapy on infant blood lead levels. J Pediatr. 2003;143:789-795
20. Kumar S, Singh S, Mehta D, et al. Effect of automobile exhaust on the distribution of trace elements and its modulation following Fe, Cu and Zn supplementation. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1991;31:51-62
21. Kordas K, López P, Rosado JL, Alatorre J, Ronquillo D, Stoltzfus RJ. Long-term effects of iron and zinc supplementation on cognition of lead exposed Mexican children. FASEB J. 2004;18:A482
22. Kordas K, Stoltzfus RJ, López P, Alatorre Rico J, Rosado JL. Iron and zinc supplementation does not improve parent or teacher ratings of behavior in first grade Mexican children exposed to lead. J Pediatr. 2005;147:632-639
23. Wechsler D, Gómez-Palacio M, Padilla ER, Roll S. Escala de Inteligencia Para Nivel Escolar-RM. Mexico City, Mexico: El Manual Moderno; 1984
24. Sattler JM. Assessment of Children. 3rd ed. San Diego, CA: Jerome M. Sattler; 1992.
25. Kordas K, Lopez P, Rosado JL, et al. Blood lead, anemia, and short stature are independently associated with cognitive performance in Mexican school children. J Nutr. 2004;134:363-371
26. Makino T, Takahara K. Direct determination of plasma copper and zinc in infants by atomic absorption with discrete nebulization. Clin Chem. 1981;27:1445-1447
27. Campbell C, Osterhoudt KC. Prevention of childhood lead poisoning. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2000;12:428-437
28. Smith D, Bayer L, Strupp BJ. Efficacy of succimer chelation for reducing brain Pb levels in a rodent model. Environ Res. 1998;78:168-176
29. Stangle DE, Strawderman MS, Smith D, Kuypers M, Strupp BJ. Reductions in blood lead overestimate reductions in brain lead following repeated succimer regimens in a rodent model of childhood lead exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112:302-308
30. Gunshin H, Mackenzie B, Berger UV, et al. Cloning and characterization of a mammalian proton-coupled metal-ion transporter. Nature. 1997;388:482-488
31. Bannon DI, Abounader R, Lees PS, Bressler JP. Effect of DMT1 knockdown on iron, cadmium, and lead uptake in Caco-2 cells. Am J Physiol. 2003;284:C44-C50
32. Soemantri AG. Preliminary findings of iron supplementation and learning achievement of rural Indonesian children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50(suppl):698-701
33. Rogan WJ, Dietrich KN, Ware JH, et al, for the TLC Group. The effect of chelation therapy with succimer on neuropsychological development in children exposed to lead. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1421-1426
34. Dietrich KN, Ware JH, Salganik M, et al, for the TLC Group. Effect of chelation therapy on the neuropsychological and behavioral development of lead-exposed children after school entry. Pediatrics. 2004;114:19-26
35. Smith DR, Woolard D, Luck ML, Laughlin NK. Succimer and the reduction of tissue lead in juvenile monkeys. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000;166:230-240
36. Ballew C, Bowman B. Recommending calcium to reduce lead toxicity in children: a critical review. Nutr Rev. 2001;59:71-79
37. Dunn LM, Lugo DE, Padilla, ER, Dunn LM. Test de Vocabulario en Imágenes Peabody. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service; 1986
38. Detterman DK. Cognitive Abilities Test. Cleveland, OH: Case Western University; 1988
39. Reitan RM, Wolfson D. Neuropsychological Evaluation of Older Children. Tucson, AZ: Neuropsychology Press; 1992