The managerial prerogative and the employee's obligation to work: Comparative perspectives on functional flexibility

Industrial Law Journal

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 56-74

  Rönnmar, Mia ^a  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33644978271     PISSN: 03059332     EISSN: 14643669     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/indlaw/dwj003     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. See J. Atkinson, 'Manpower Strategies for Flexible Organisations' (1984) Personnel Management 28
2. J. Atkinson and N. Meager, Changing Working Patterns - How Companies Achieve Flexibility to Meet New Needs (London: National Economic Development Office, 1986)
3. and A. Numhauser-Henning, 'Arbetets flexibilisering' in R. Eklund et al. (eds), Studier i arbetsrätt tillägnade Tore Sigeman (Uppsala: Iustus, 1993) pp 255-96.
4. See Atkinson, above n 1
5. Atkinson and Meager, above n 1
6. and Numhauser-Henning, above n 1 at 264 ff., 283 f.
7. See A. Numhauser-Henning, 'Den framtida arbetsrättens förutsättningar' (1997) 3 Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv 97 and
8. M. Rönnmar, 'Redundant Because of Lack of Competence? Swedish Employees in the Knowledge Society' (2001) 17 International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 117. Cf. also the concepts flexicurity and employability, frequently used in the EC labour law context.
9. Cf. H. Collins, 'Flexibility and Empowerment' in T. Wilthagen (ed), Advancing Theory in Labour Law and Industrial Relations in a Global Context (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1998) pp 117-29
10. H. Collins, 'Regulating the Employment Relation for Competitiveness' (2001) 30 Industrial Law Journal 17
11. and S. Deakin, Organisational Change, Labour Market Flexibility and the Contract of Employment (Cambridge: ESRC Centre for Business Research, 1998).
12. The model of the flexible firm was criticised in the 1980s for lacking empirical evidence. To notice is also that the model of the flexible firm was introduced during the Thatcher era, and therefore by many critics was perceived as a prescriptive model pursuing further deregulation. See, for example, A. Pollert, The 'Flexible Firm': A Model in Search of Reality (or a Policy in Search of a Practice)? (Warwick: University of Warwick, 1987)
13. A. Pollert, 'The Orthodoxy of Flexibility' in A. Pollert (ed), Farewell to Flexibility? (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991) pp 3-31
14. and K. Legge, Human Resource Management. Rhetorics and Realities (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995) pp 145 ff.
15. See G. Strauss, 'Comparative International Industrial Relations' in K. Whitfield and G. Strauss (eds), Researching the World of Work. Strategies and Methods in Studying Industrial Relations (Cornell: Cornell University Press, 1998) pp 175-92.
16. See K. Zweigert and H. Kötz, Introduction to Comparative Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 3rd edn, 1998) p 63
17. and B. Nyström, EU och arbetsrätten (Stockholm: Norstedts juridik, 3rd edn, 2002) pp 60 ff.
18. See G.J. Bamber and R.D. Lansbury, 'An Introduction to International and Comparative Employment Relations' in G.J. Bamber and R.D. Lansbury (eds), International and Comparative Employment Relations: A Study of Industrialised Market Economies (London: Sage, rev edn, 1998) pp 19 ff.
19. and G.J. Bamber, 'Flexible Work Organisation: Inferences from Britain and Australia' (1992) Work Flexibility Review 21.
20. See Zweigert and Kötz, above n 7 at 34
21. and R. Rogowski, 'The Art of Mirroring. Comparative Law and Social Theory' in G. Wilson and R. Rogowski (eds), Challenges to European Legal Scholarship: Anglo-German Legal Essays (London: Blackstone, 1996) pp 221 ff.
22. See F. Schmidt, Löntagarrätt (Stockholm: Juristförlaget, rev edn, 1994) pp 224 ff.;
23. L. Svensäter, Anställning och upphovsrätt (Stockholm: Norstedts, 1991) pp 89 ff.;
24. S. Deakin and G.S. Morris, Labour Law (London: Butterworths, 3rd edn, 2001) pp 238 ff., 326 ff.;
25. Deakin, above n 4 at 9
26. and T. Dieterich et al. (eds), Erfurter Kommentar zum Arbeitsrecht (München: Verlag C.H. Beck, 4th edn, 2004), §611 BGB, Rn. 274 ff. (henceforth 'Erfurter Kommentar' 2004).
27. See Schmidt, above n 10 at 227
28. Erfurter Kommentar 2004, §611 BGB, Rn. 274 f.
29. and Deakin, above n 4 at 14.
30. See F. Schmidt, Facklig arbetsrätt (Stockholm: Juristförlaget, 4th edn, 1997) pp 212 f.;
31. L. Lunning and G. Toijer, Anställningsskydd. Kommentar till anställningsskyddslagen (Stockholm: Norstedts juridik, 8th edn, 2002) pp 296 ff.;
32. Deakin and Morris, above n 10 at 240 ff., 296 ff.
33. and R. Ascheid, U. Preis and I. Schmidt (eds), Großkommentar zum Kündigungsrecht (München: Verlag C.H. Beck, 2000), §1 KSchG, Rn. 282. (henceforth 'Großkommentar zum Kündigungsrecht' 2000).
34. See M. Biagi, 'Forms of Employee Representational Participation' in R. Blanpain and C. Engels (eds), Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations in Industrialized Market Economies (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 7th rev edn, 2001) pp 483-523.
35. Cf. also A. Kjellberg, 'Restoring the Model?' in A. Ferner and R. Hyman (eds), Changing Industrial Relations in Europe (Oxford: Blackwell, 2nd edn, 1998) pp 74-117
36. O. Jacobi, B. Keller and W. Müller-Jentsch, 'Germany: Facing New Challenges' in A. Ferner and R. Hyman (eds), Changing Industrial Relations in Europe (Oxford: Blackwell, 2nd edn, 1998) pp 190-238
37. A. Hassel, 'The Erosion of the German System of Industrial Relations' (1999) 37 British Journal of Industrial Relations 483
38. and P. Edwards et al, 'Great Britain: From Partial Collectivism to Neo-liberalism to Where?' in A. Ferner and R. Hyman (eds), Changing Industrial Relations in Europe (Oxford: Blackwell, 2nd edn, 1998) pp 1-54.
39. Cf. also rules regarding information and consultation when it comes to more specific situations, such as transfers of undertakings and collective dismissals, cf. Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 sections 188 ff. and Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 1981.
40. See O. Bergqvist, L. Lunning and G. Toijer, Medbestämmandelagen. Lagtext med kommentarer (Stockholm: Norstedts juridik, 2nd edn, 1997) pp 169 ff., 366 ff.;
41. K. Fitting et al, Betriebsverfassungsgesetz. Handkommentar (München: Verlag Franz Vahlen, 21st edn, 2002), §99 BetrVG, Rn. 232 ff.;
42. B. Bercusson, 'The European Social Model Comes to Britain' (2002) 31 Industrial Law Journal 209
43. I.T. Smith, G. Thomas and D. Mead, Smith & Wood's Industrial Law (London: Butterworths, 8th edn, 2003) pp 97 ff.
44. See F. Gamillscheg, Die Grundrechte im Arbeitsrecht (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1989) pp 75 ff.;
45. R. Schinz, 'Zur Bedeutung der Grundrechte des Grundgesetzes in der arbeitsgerichtlichen Praxis' in A. Numhauser-Henning (ed), Normativa perspektiv, Festskrift till Anna Christensen (Lund: Juristförlaget i Lund, 2000) pp 431-58
46. S. Öman, Labour law and the Fundamental Rights of the Person - Sweden (Montevideo: National report to the XVII World Congress of the International Society for Labour Law and Social Security, 2003)
47. P. Herzfeld Olsson, Facklig föreningsfrihet som mänsklig rättighet (Uppsala: Iustus, 2003)
48. and Deakin and Morris, above n 10 at 66 ff., 327, 330 ff.
49. Cf. also BAG 20.12.1984 AP Nr 27 zu §611 BGB Direktionsrecht and BAG 24.5.1989 AP Nr 1 zu §611 BGB.
50. See Erfurter Kommentar 2004, §611 BGB, Rn. 278
51. Smith, Thomas and Mead, above n 15 at 158 ff.
52. and S.D. Anderman, Labour Law. Management Decisions and Workers' Rights (London: Butterworths, 4th edn, 2000) p 61.
53. See also Labour Court judgement AD 1978:89, BAG 23.6.1993 AP Nr. 42 zu §611 BGB Direktionsrecht and Malik v BCCI [1997] IRLR 462, HL.
54. See J. Malmberg, Anställningsavtalet. Om anställningsförhållandets individuella reglering (Uppsala: Iustus, 1997) p 255
55. Schmidt, above n 10 at 227
56. S. Evju, 'Arbeidsrett og styringsrett - et perspektiv' (2003) 1 Arbeidsrett og arbeidsliv 3
57. Anderman, above n 17 at 49
58. Deakin and Morris, above n 10 at 333 ff.
59. and Erfurter Kommentar 2004, §611 BGB, Rn. 791 f.
60. Cf. M. Freedland, The Personal Employment Contract (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)
61. H. Collins, Justice in Dismissal. The Law of Termination of Employment (Oxford: Clarendon, 1992) pp 32 ff.;
62. O. Kahn-Freund, Labour and the Law (London: Stevens & Sons, 1977) p 6
63. H. Collins, ' Market Power, Bureaucratic Power and the Contract of Employment' (1986) 15 Industrial Law Journal 1
64. M. Gotthardt, Arbeitsrecht nach der Schuldrechtsreform. Neue Rechtslage für bestehende Arbeitsverträge ab 1.1.2003 (München: Verlag C.H. Beck, 2nd edn, 2003).
65. See Deakin and Morris, above n 10 at 242 f.
66. Cf. also Peter Carnie & Son Ltd v Paton [1979] IRLR 260,
67. and Rank Xerox Ltd v Churchill [1988] IRLR 280, EAT.
68. See D. Reuter (ed), J. von Staudingers Kommentar zum Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch mit Einführungsgesetz und Nebengesetzen. Zweites Buch. Recht der Schuldverhältnisse § 611-615 (Berlin: De Gruyter, 13th edn, 1999), §611 BGB, Rn. 315 and Rn. 319
69. Erfurter Kommentar 2004, §611 BGB, Rn. 803 and BAG 27.3.1980 AP Nr. 26 zu §611 BGB Direktionsrecht.
70. See Malmberg, above n 18 at 282 ff.
71. Labour Court judgements AD 1984:30 and AD 1996:63.
72. See F. Schmidt, Tjänsteavtalet (Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & Söners förlag, 1959) p 201
73. Schmidt, above n 10 at 228
74. and Malmberg, above n 18 at 259 ff.
75. and M. Rönnmar, Arbetsledningsrätt och arbetsskyldighet. En komparativ studie av kvalitativ flexibilitet i svensk, engelsk och tysk kontext (Lund: Juristförlaget i Lund, 2004) pp 170 ff.
76. See also Labour Court judgements AD 1929:29, AD 1980:114, AD 1995:9 and AD 1995:31.
77. See Erfurter Kommentar 2004, §611 BGB, Rn. 802
78. Deakin, above n 4
79. W. Brown et al, The Individualisation of Employment Contracts in Britain (London, Department of Trade and Industry, 1998)
80. and R. Dore, New Forms and Meanings of Work in an Increasingly Globalized World. ILO Nobel Peace Prize Lectures (Tokyo, 2003).
81. Cf. also BAG 12.4.1973 AP Nr 24 zu §611 BGB Direktionsrecht and BAG 23.6.1993 AP Nr 42 zu §611 BGB Direktionsrecht.
82. See V. Lindemann, Flexible Gestaltung von Arbeitsbedingungen nach der Schuldrechtsreform (Köln: Verlag Dr Otto Schmidt KG, 2003) pp. 340 ff.
83. and Gotthardt, above n 19.
84. See Malmberg above n 18 at 337
85. H. Collins, The Law of Contract (London: Butterworths, 4th edn, 2003) pp 341 ff;
86. Deakin and Morris, above n 10 at 270
87. and Erfurter Kommemar 2004, §611 BGB, Rn. 475.
88. Here I use the term redundancy to refer, in general terms, to economic dismissals or dismissals for business reasons. I do not refer to redundancy in the specific meaning of section 98 of the Employment Rights Act 1996.
89. See Government Bill 1973:129, Government White Paper Ds 2002:56, pp 140 ff;
90. U. Preis, Arbeitsrecht. Praxis-Lehrbuch zum Individualarbeitsrecht (Köln: Verlag Dr Otto Schmidt, 2nd edn, 2003), pp 694 ff.;
91. Deakin and Morris, above n 10 at 477 ff.
92. and S.D. Anderman, The Law of Unfair Dismissal (London, Butterworths, 3rd edn, 2001).
93. See also Polkey v AE Dayton Services [1988] ICR 142, HL.
94. See T. van Peijpe, 'Employment Protection under Strain (Sweden, Denmark, The Netherlands)' in R. Blanpain (ed), Bulletin of Comparative Labour Relations (The Hague, Kluwer Law International, 1998), No. 33.
95. See Malmberg, above n 18 at 248
96. Collins, above n 26 at 358
97. Anderman, above n 17 at 155 f.
98. and Deakin and Morris, above n 10 at 477.
99. See also Labour Court judgements AD1991:114, AD 1998:39, AD 2003:20 and AD 2003:76
100. Aparau v Iceland Frozen Foods plc [1996] IRLR 119, EAT.
101. See Erfurter Kommentar 2004, §2 KSchG;
102. Großkommentar zum Kündigungsrecht 2000, §2 KSchG;
103. Anderman, above n 17 at 233
104. Deakin and Morris, above n 10 at 276.
105. Cf. also A. Victorin, 'Om omplacering och omreglering i anställningsförhållanden' (1979) Svensk Juristtidning 675-95 and Labour Court judgement AD1993:61.
106. Cf. Bamber, above n 8
107. and Collins, above n 4.
108. Cf. Dore, above n 24
109. Deakin above n 4
110. Collins,. above n 4
111. Bamber, above n 8
112. Bamber and Lansbury, above n 8
113. and Numhauser-Henning, above n 1 at 266 ff.
114. See inter alia Numhauser-Henning, above n 1.
115. See Hassel, above n 13.
116. See Deakin, above n 4.
117. See Numhauser-Henning, above n 3 at 105 f.;
118. M. Glavå, Arbetsrätt (Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2001) pp 47 ff.;
119. M. Rönnmar, 'The Right to Direct and Allocate Work - From Employer Prerogatives to Objective Grounds' in A. Numhauser-Henning (ed), Legal Perspectives on Equal Treatment and Non-Discrimination (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001) 261-87
120. and R. Nielsen, Arbejdgiverens ledelsesret i EF-retlig belysning. Studier i EF-rettens integration i dansk arbejdsret (Copenhagen: Jurist- og Økonomforbundets forlag, 1992) pp 35 ff.