Coherence-based 3-D and spectral imaging and laser-scanning microscopy

Proceedings of the IEEE

Volumn 94, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 608-628

  Itoh, Kazuyoshi ^a,b,d,e   Watanabe, Wataru ^a,b   Arimoto, Hidenobu ^c   Isobe, Keisuke ^b  

^a IEEE   (Japan)

^b OSAKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AIST   (Japan)

^d OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA   (United States)

^e International Society for Optical Engineering SPIE   (United States)

Author keywords

Coherence; Correlation function; Cross sectioning; Optical tomography; Spectral image; Three dimension

Indexed keywords

COHERENT LIGHT; HOLOGRAPHY; LASERS; MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION; NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; PHOTONS;

CORRELATION FUNCTION; CROSS SECTIONING; OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY; SPECTRAL IMAGE; THREE-DIMENSION;

IMAGING TECHNIQUES;

EID: 33644903274     PISSN: 00189219     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2006.870698     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. A. A. Michelson, Phil. Mag., ser. 5, vol. 31, p. 338, 1891.
2. _, Astrophys. J., vol. 51, p. 257, 1920.
3. K. Itoh and Y. Ohtsuka, "Fourier-transform spectral imaging - retrieval of source information from 3-dimensional spatial coherence," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 3, pp. 94-100, Jan. 1986.
4. K. Itoh, "Interferometric multispectral imaging," in Progress in Optics, E. Wolf, Ed. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North-Holland, 1996, vol. 35, p. 145.
5. D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography," Science, vol. 254, pp. 1178-1181, Nov. 1991.
6. L. Mandel and E. Wolf, Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995, eh. 4.
7. H. Arimoto, K. Yoshimori, and K. Itoh, "Interferometric 3-D imaging and incoherence gating," Opt. Commun., vol. 170, pp. 319-329, Nov. 1999.
8. K. Itoh and Y. Ohtsuka, "Holographic spectral imaging," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 3, pp. 1239-1242, Aug. 1986.
9. D. L. Marks, R. A. Stack, D. J. Brady, D. C. Munson, Jr., and R. B. Brady, "Visible cone-beam tomography with a lensless interferometric camera," Science, vol. 248, pp. 2164-2166, Jun. 1999.
10. P. A. Flournoy, R. W. McClure, and G. Wyntjes, "White-light interferometric thickness gauge," Appl. Opt., vol. 11, pp. 1907-1915, Sep. 1972.
11. K. Takada, I. Yokohama, K. Chida, and J. Noda, "New measurement system for fault location in optical waveguide devices based on an interferometric technique," Appl. Opt., vol. 26, pp. 1603-1606, May 1987.
12. B. L. Danielson and C. D. Whittenberg, "Guided-wave reflectometry with micrometer resolution," Appl. Opt, vol. 26, pp. 2836-2842, Jul. 1987.
13. R. C. Youngquist, S. Carr, and D. E. N. Davies, "Optical coherence-domain reflectometry: A new optical evaluation technique," Opt. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 158-160, Mar. 1987.
14. B. S. Lee and T. C. Strand, "Profilometry with a coherence scanning microscope," Appl. Opt, vol. 29, pp. 3784-3788, Sep. 1990.
15. G. S. Kino and S. S. C. Chim, "Mirau correlation microscope," Appl. Opt., vol. 29, pp. 3775-3783, Sep. 1990.
16. T. Dresel, G. Häusler, and H. Venzke, "Three-dimensional sensing of rough surfaces by coherence radar," Appl. Opt., vol. 31, pp. 919-925, Mar. 1992.
17. H. H. Gilgen, R. P. Novak, R. P. Salathe, W. Hodel, and P. Beaud, "Submillimeter optical reflectometry," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 1225-1233, Aug. 1989.
18. N. Tan-no, T. Ichimura, and A. Saeki, Japan, Patent 2010042, 1994.
19. F. Fercher, C. Hitzenberger, and M. Juchem, "Measurement of intraocular optical distances using partially coherent laser-light," J. Mod. Opt., vol. 38, pp. 1327-1333, Jul. 1991.
20. C. K. Hitzenberger, "Optical measurement of the axial eye length by laser Doppler interferometry," Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., vol. 32, pp. 616-624, Mar. 1991.
21. J. G. Fujimoto and M. E. Brezinski, "Optical coherence tomography imaging," in Biomedical Photoncs Handbook, T. Vo-Dinh, Ed. Boca Raton: CRC, 2003, eh. 13.
22. F. Fercher, W. Drexler, C. K. Hitzenberger, and T. Lasser, "Optical coherence tomography-principles and applications," Rep. Prog. Phys., vol. 66, pp. 239-303, Feb. 2003.
23. W. Drexler, U. Morgner, F. X. Krtner, C. Pitris, S. A. Boppart, X. D. Li, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, "In vivo ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett., vol. 24, pp. 1221-1223, Sep. 1999.
24. I. Hartl, X. D. Li, C. Chudoba, R. Ghanta, T. Ko, J. G. Fujimoto, J. K. Ranka, R. S. Windeler, and A. J. Stentz, "Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography using continuum generation in an air-silica microstructure optical fiber," Opt. Lett., vol. 26, pp. 608-610, May 2001.
25. U. Morgner, W. Drexler, F. X. Kärtner, X. D. Li, C. Pitris, E. I. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett., vol. 25, pp. 111-113, Jan. 2000.
26. E. Beaurepaire, A. C. Boccara, M. Lebec, L. Blanchot, and H. Saint-Jalmes, "Full-field optical coherence microscopy," Opt. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 244-246, Feb. 1998.
27. S. Bourquin, V. Monterosso, P. Seitz, and R. P. Salathé, "Video-rate optical low-coherence reflectometry based on a linear smart detector array," Opt. Lett., vol. 25, pp. 102-104, Jan. 2000.
28. A. Dubois, L. Vabre, A. C. Boccara, and E. Beaurepaire, "Highresolution full-field optical coherence tomography with a Linnik microscope," Appl. Opt., vol. 41, pp. 805-812, Feb. 2002.
29. L. Vabre, A. Dubois, and A. C. Boccara, "Thermal-light full-field optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett., vol. 27, pp. 530-532, Apr. 2002.
30. M. Akiba, K. P. Chan, and N. Tanno, "Full-field optical coherence tomography by two-dimensional heterodyne detection with a pair of CCD camera," Opt. Lett., vol. 28, pp. 816-818, May 2003.
31. Y. Zhao, Z. Chen, Z. Ding, H. Ren, and J. S. Nelson, "Real-time phase-resolved functional optical coherence tomography by use of optical Hubert transformation," Opt. Lett., vol. 27, pp. 98-100, Jan. 2002.
32. Y. Watanabe, I. Wakai, T. Niizuma, and M. Sato, "Time-gated full-field optical coherence tomography using optical Hubert transformation," presented at the 2nd Asian and Pacific Rim Symp. Biophotonics (APBP 2004), Taipei, Tawian, R.O.C.
33. K. Minami, T. Inoue, K. Itoh, and Y. Ichioka, "Coherence spectrotomography with reflected light from colored layers," presented at the 1994 ICO Topical Meeting, Optics for Science and New Technology, Paper 7P-PD-7, unpublished.
34. K. Minami, T. Suga, T. Inoue, K. Itoh, and Y. Ichioka, "Coherence spectrotomography: estimation of spectral properties of colored layered system," (in Japanese) Jpn. J. Opt. (KOGAKU), vol. 25, pp. 156-160, Mar. 1996.
35. R. R. Alfano, Ed., The Supercontileuum Laser Source. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1989.
36. W. Watanabe, Y. Masuda, and K. Itoh, "Coherence spectrotomography with white light continuum," Proc. SPIE vol. 3261, pp. 305-312, Jun. 1998.
37. _, "Coherence spectrotomography of layered medium with white-light continuum," Opt. Rev., vol. 6, pp. 71-76, Jan./Feb. 1999.
38. W. Watanabe and K. Itoh, "Coherence spectrotomography: optical spectroscopic tomography with low-coherence interferometry," Opt. Rev., vol. 7, pp. 406-414, Sep./Oct. 2000.
39. E. Wolf, "Three-dimensional structure determination of semi-transparent objects from holographic data," Opt. Commun., vol. 1, pp. 153-156, Sep.-October 1969.
40. J. C. Vienot, R. Fernere, and J. P. Goedgebuer, "Conjugation of space and time variables in optics," in AIP Conf. Proc., Optics in Four Dimensions, M. A. Machado and L. N. Narducci, Eds., 1980, pp. 49-63.
41. J. Schwider and L. Zhou, "Dispersive interferometric profilometer," Opt. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 995-997, 1994.
42. M. Takeda and H. Yamamoto, "Fourier-transform speckle profilometry: three-dimensional shape measurements of diffuse objects with large height steps and/or spatially isolated surfaces," Appl. Opt., vol. 33, pp. 7829-7837, Dec. 1994.
43. G. Häusler, Germany, Patent DE 41 08 944, 1991.
44. M. Bail, A. Eigensee, G. Häusler, J. M. Hermann, and M. W. Lindne, "3D imaging of human skin: Optical in-vivo tomography and topology by short-coherence interferometer," Proc. SPIE vol. 2981, pp. 64-75, May 1997.
45. G. Häusler and M. W. Lindner,'"Coherence radar' and 'spectral radar'-new tools for dermatological diagnosis," J. Biol. Opt., vol. 3, Jan. 21-31, 1998.
46. A. F. Fercher, C. K. Hitzenberger, G. Kamp, and S. Y. El-Zaiat, "Measurement of intraocular distances by backscattering spectral interferometry," Opt. Commun., vol. 117, pp. 43-48, May 1995.
47. F. Fercher, "Optical coherence tomography," J. Biol. Opt., vol. 1, pp. 157-173, Apr. 1996.
48. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, 1999 Principles of Optics. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999.
49. R. Leitgeb, M. Wojtkowski, A. Kowalczyk, C. K. Hitzenberger, M. Sticker, and A. F. Fercher, "Spectral measurement of absorption by spectroscopic frequency-domain optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett., vol. 25, pp. 820-822, Jun. 2000.
50. W. Watanabe and K. Itoh, "Disperseive coherence spectrotomography of layered medium," Proc. SPIE, Optical Engineering for Sensing and Nanotechnology (ICOSN '99) vol. 3740, pp. 34-37, May 1999.
51. W. Watanabe, Y. Masuda, and K. Itoh, "Dispersive coherence spectrotomography with white-light continuum," Opt. Rev., vol. 6, pp. 455-458, Sep./Oct. 1999.
52. W. Watanabe, E. Nomura, and K. Itoh, "Spectroscopic tomography with dispersive coherence tomography," in Tech. Dig. 4th Pacific Rim Conf. Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO-Pacific/Rim 2001) Jul. 2001, vol. I, pp. 348-349.
53. A. Kozma and D. L. Kelly, "Spatial filtering for detection of signals submerged in noise," Appl. Opt., vol. 4, pp. 387-392, Apr. 1965.
54. B. R. Brown and A. W. Lohmann, "Complex spatial filtering with binary masks," Appl. Opt. vol. 5, pp. 967-969, Jun. 1966.
55. A. W. Lohmann and D. P. Paris, "Binary Fraunhofer holograms generated by computer," Appl. Opt., vol. 6, pp. 1739-1748, Oct. 1967.
56. J. W. Goodman and R. W. Lawrence, "Digital image formation from electronically detected holograms," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 77-79, Aug. 1967.
57. M. A. Kronrod, N. S. Merzlyakov, and L. P. Yaroslavskii, "Reconstruction of a hologram with a computer," Sov. Phys.-Tech. Phys., vol. 17, pp. 333-334, Aug. 1972.
58. U. Schnars, "Direct phase determination in hologram interferometry with use of digitally recorded holograms," J. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 11, pp. 2011-2015, Jul. 1994.
59. I. Yamaguchi and T. Zhang, "Phase-shifting digital holography," Opt. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 1268-1270, Aug. 1997.
60. G. N. Hounsfield, "Computed transverse axial scanning (tomography). Part 1: description of system," Br. J. Radiol., vol. 46, pp. 1016-1022, Dec. 1973.
61. J. Ambrose, "Computerized axial scanning (tomography) part 2. Clinical[3000]application," Br. J. Radiol., vol. 46, pp. 1023-1047, Dec. 1973.
62. B. J. Perry and C. Bridges, "Computerized axial scanning (tomography) part 3. [3000]radiation dose considerations," Br. J. Radiol., vol. 46, pp. 1048-1051, Dec. 1973.
63. F. Roddier, "Interferometric imaging in optical astronomy," Phys. Rep., vol. 170, pp. 97-166, Nov. 1988.
64. D. F. V. James, H. C. Kandpal, and E. Wolf, "A new method for determining the angular separation of double stars," Astrophys. J., vol. 445, pp. 406-410, May 1995.
65. H. C. Kandpal, J. S. Vaishya, K. Saxena, D. S. Mehta, and K. C. Joshi, "Intensity distribution across a source from spectral measurements," J. Mod. Opt., vol. 42, pp. 455-464, Feb. 1995.
66. J. Rosen and A. Yariv, "Three-dimensional imaging of random radiation sources," Opt. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 1011-1013, Jul. 1996.
67. _, "General theorem of spatial coherence: application to three-dimensional imaging," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 13, pp. 2091-2095, Oct. 1996.
68. _, "Reconstruction of longitudinal distributed incoherent sources," Opt. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 1803-1805, Nov. 1996.
69. D. L. Marks, R. A. Stack, and D. J. Brady, "Three-dimensional coherence imaging in the Fresnel domain," Appl. Opt., vol. 38, pp. 1332-1342, Mar. 1999.
70. H. Arimoto, K. Yoshimori, and K. Itoh, "Retrieval of cross-spectral density propagating in free space," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 16, pp. 2447-2452, Oct. 1999.
71. M. Minsky, "Microscopy apparatus," U.S., Patent 3 013 467, Dec. 19, 1961, filed Nov. 7, 1957.
72. A. F. Slomba, D. F. Wasserman, G. I. Gaufman, and J. F. Nester, "A laster fly spot scanner for use in automatised fluorescence antibody instrumentation," J. Assoc. Adv. Med. Instrum., vol. 6, pp. 230-234, 1972.
73. R. W. Wijnaendts van Resandt, H. J. B. Marsman, R. Kaplan, J. Davoust, E. H. K. Stelzer, and R. Stricker, "Optical fluorescence microscopy in three dimensions: microtomoscopy," J. Microsc., vol. 138, pp. 29-34, 1985.
74. J. G. White, W. B. Amos, and M. Fordham, "An evaluation of confocal versus conventional imaging of biological structures by florescence light microscopy," J. Cell. Biol., vol. 105, pp. 41-48, 1987.
75. J. S. Ploem, "Laster scanning fluorescence microscopy," Appl. Opt., vol. 26, pp. 3226-32381, Aug. 1987.
76. C. J. R. Sheppard and T. Wilson, "Depth of field in the scanning microscope," Opt. Lett., vol. 3, pp. 115-117, Sep. 1978.
77. C. J. R. Sheppard and A. Choudhury, "Image formation in the scanning microscope," Opt. Acta, vol. 5, pp. 1051-1073, 1977.
78. M. Göppert-Meyer, "Über Elementarakte mit zwei Quantensprüngen," Göttinger Dissertation. Ann. Phys., vol. 9, pp. 273-294, 1931.
79. 2+" Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 7, pp. 229-231, Sep. 1961.
80. W. Denk, J. H. Stricker, and W. W. Webb, "Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscope," Science, vol. 248, pp. 73-76, Apr. 1990.
81. D. W. Piston, M. S. Kirby, H. P. Chen, W. J. Lederer, and W. W. Webb, "2-photon excitation fluorescence imaging of 3-dimendional calcium ion activity," Appl. Opt., vol. 33, pp. 662-669, Feb. 1994.
82. Y. Sako, A. Sekihata, Y. Yanagisawa, M. Yamamoto, Y. Shimada, K. Ozaki, and A. Kusumi, "Comparison of 2-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy with UV confocal laser scanning microscopy in 3-dimensional calcium imaging using the fluorescence indicator indo-1," J. Microsc., vol. 185, pp. 9-20, Jan. 1997.
83. V. E. Centonze and J. G. White, "Multiphoton excitation provides optical sections from deeper within scattering specimens than confocal imaging," Biophys. J., vol. 75, pp. 2015-2024, Oct. 1998.
84. B. R. Frieden, "Optical transfer of the three dimensional object," J. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 57, pp. 56-67, 1967.
85. S. Kimura and C. Munakata, "Calculation of three-dimensional optical transfer function for a confocal scanning fluorescent microscope," J. Opt Soc. Amer. A, vol. 6, pp. 1015-1019, Jul. 1989.
86. M. Gu and C. J. R. Sheppard, "Effects of a finite-sized detector on the OTF of confocal fluorescent microscopy," Optik, vol. 89, pp. 65-69, Dec. 1991.
87. C. J. R. Sheppard and M. Gu, "Image formation in two-photon fluorescence microscopy," Optik, vol. 86, pp. 104-106, Dec. 1990.
88. M. Gu and C. J. R. Sheppard, "Effects on a finite-sized pinhole on 3-D image formation in confocal two-photon fluorescence microscopy," J. Mod. Opt., vol. 40, pp. 2009-2024, 1993.
89. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, 5th ed. Oxford, U.K.: Pergamon, 1975.
90. C. J. R. Sheppard and H. J. Mattews, "Imaging in high-aperture optical systems," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 4, pp. 1354-1360, Aug. 1987.
91. M. Petran, M. Hadravsky, M. D. Eggner, and R. Galambos, "Tandem-scanning reflected-light microscope," J. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 58, pp. 661-664, 1968.
92. G. Q. Xiao, T. R. Corle, and G. S. Kino, "Real-time confocal scanning optical microscope," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 53, pp. 716-718, Aug. 1988.
93. A. H. Buist, M. Müller, J. Squier, and G. J. Brankenhoff, "Real time two-photon absorption microscopy using multi point excitation," J. Microsc., vol. 192, pp. 217-226, Nov. 1998.
94. J. Bewersdorf, R. Pick, and S. W. Hell, "Multifocal multiphoton microscopy," Opt. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 655-657, May 1998.
95. A. Egner and S. W. Hell, "Time multiplexing and parallelization in multifocal multiphoton microscopy," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 17, pp. 1192-1201, Jul. 2000.
96. D. N. Fittinghoff, P. W. Wiseman, and J. A. Squir, "Widefield multiphoton and temporally decorrelated multifocal multiphoton microscopy," Opt. Express, vol. 7, pp. 273-279, Oct. 2000.
97. T. C. Brelje, D. W. Scharp, and R. L. Sorenson, "Three-dimensional imaging of intact isolated islets of Langerhans with confocal microscopy," Diabetes, vol. 38, pp. 808-814, Jun. 1989.
98. C. Xu, W. Zipfel, J. B. Shear, R. M. Williams, and W. W. Webb, "Multiphoton fluorescence excitation: new spectral windows for biological nonlinear microscopy," in Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Oct. 1996, vol. 93, pp. 10763-10768.
99. K. Mossberg and M. Ericsson, "Detection of doubly stained fluorescent specimens using confocal microscopy," J. Microsc., vol. 158, pp. 215-224, May 1990.
100. M. Montag, J. Kukulies, R. Jörgens, H. Gundlach, M. F. Trendelenburg, and H. Spring, "Working with the confocal UV-laser scanning microscope: specific DNA localization at high sensitivity and multiple parameter fluorescence," J. Microsc., vol. 163, pp. 201-210, Aug. 1991.
101. R. Elde, Y. Cao, A. Cintra, T. C. Brelje, M. Pelto-Huikko, T. Junttila, K. Fuxe, R. F. Pettersson, and T. Hökfelt, "Prominent expression of acidic fibroblast growth-factor in motor and sensory neurons," Neuron, vol. 7, pp. 349-364, Sep. 1991.
102. K. Isobe, W. Watanabe, S. Matsunaga, T. Higashi, K. Fukui, and K. Itoh, "Multi-spectral two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy using supercontinuum light source," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 44, pp. L167-L169, 2005.
103. L. Matyus, "Fluorescence resonance energy-transfer measurements on cell-surfaces - a spectroscopic tool for determining protein interactions," J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, vol. 12, pp. 323-337, Mar. 1992.
104. M. G. Xu, B. Crimeen, M. J. Ludford-Menting, X. Gan, S. M. Russell, and M. Gu, "Three-dimensional localization of fluorescence resonance energy transfer in living cells under two-photon excitation," Scanning, vol. 23, pp. 9-13, Jan.-February 2001.
105. J. Mertz, C. Xu, and W. W. Webb, "Single-molecule detection by two-photon-excited fluorescence," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 2532-2534, Dec. 1995.