Obsessive-compulsive spectrum of disorders: A defensible construct?

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 114-120

  Castle, David J ^a   Phillips, Katharine A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Body dysmorphic disorder; Hypochondriasis; Obsessive compulsive disorder; Obsessive compulsive spectrum; Trichotillomania

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; CLOMIPRAMINE; DESIPRAMINE; FLUOXETINE; NALTREXONE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; PLACEBO; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR;

BEHAVIOR THERAPY; BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DRUG MEGADOSE; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; GILLES DE LA TOURETTE SYNDROME; HUMAN; HYPOCHONDRIASIS; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TRICHOTILLOMANIA;

HUMANS; HYPOCHONDRIASIS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS; SOMATOFORM DISORDERS; TRICHOTILLOMANIA;

EID: 33644899128     PISSN: 00048674     EISSN: 14401614     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1614.2006.01757.x     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Bebbington P. Epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 1998; 173 (Suppl 35): 2-6.
2. Robins LN, Helzer JE, Weissman MM et al. Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites. Archives of General Psychiatry 1984; 41: 958-967.
3. Myers JK, Weissman MM, Tischler GL et al. Six month prevalence of psychiatric disorders in three communities, 1980 to 1982. Archives of General Psychiatry 1984; 41: 949-958.
4. Flament MF, Koby E, Rapaport JL et al. Childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: A prospective follow-up study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1990; 31: 363-380.
5. Bland RC, Newman SC, Orn H. Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1988; 77 (Suppl l): 33-42.
6. Zohar AH, Ratoni G, Pauls DL et al. An epidemiological study of obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders in Israeli adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1992; 31: 1057-1061.
7. Angst A. The epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder. In: Hollander E, Zohar J, Marazziti D et al., eds. Current insights in obsessive compulsive disorder. West Sussex, UK: Wiley, 1994: 93-104.
8. Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GL et al. The cross-national epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1994; 55: 5-10.
9. Hollander E. Obesessive-compulsive spectrum disorders: An overview. Psychiatric Annals 1993; 23: 355-358.
10. Rasmussen SA. Obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1994; 55: 89-91.
11. Leckman JF, Zhang H, Alsobrook JP et al. Symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Towards quantitative phenotypes. American Journal of Medical Genetics 2001; 105: 28-30.
12. Cochran LW, Smith MJ, Greenberg BD et al. Factor analysis of symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Presented at the 5th International Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Conference; 29 March-1 April 2001; Sardinia, Italy.
13. Mataix-Cols D, Rauch SL, Baer L et al. Symptom stability in adult obsessive-compulsive disorder: Data from a naturalistic two-year follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry 2002; 159: 263-268.
14. Keuneman RJ, Pokos V, Weerasundera R, Castle DJ. Antipsychotic treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A literature review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2005; 39: 336-343.
15. Swedo Se, Leondard HL, Mittleman BB et al. Identification of children with paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections by a market associated with rheumatic fever. American Journal of Psychiatry 1997; 154: 110-112.
16. Blanes T, McGuire P. Heterogeneity within obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence for primary and neurodevelopmental subtypes. In: Keshavan MS, Murray RM, eds. Neurodevelopment and adult psychopathology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997: 206-212.
17. Murray RM, O'Callaghan E, Castle DJ, Lewis SW. A neurodevelopmental approach to the classification of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1992; 319-332.
18. Saxena S, Brody AL, Schwartz JM, Baxter LR. Neuroimaging and frontal-subcortical circuitry in obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 1998; 173 (Suppl 35): 26-37.
19. McElroy SL, Phillips KA, Keck PE Jr. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1994; 55: 33-51.
20. Hollander E. Introduction. In: Hollander E, ed. Obsessive-compulsive related disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1993; 1-16.
21. Cohen LJ, Stein DJ, Simeon D et al. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. In: Hollander E, Stein DJ, eds. Obsessive-compulsive disorders. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997: 47-74.
22. Hollander E. Treatment of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders with SSRIs. British Journal of Psychiatry 1998; 173 (Suppl 35): 7-12.
23. Phillips KA, Price LH, Greenberg BD, Rasmussen SA. Should DSM's diagnostic groupings be changed? In: Phillips KA, First MB, Pincus H, eds. Advancing DSM: Dilemmas in psychiatric diagnosis. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 2005; 57-84.
24. Hyman S. Foreward. In: Phillips KA, First MB, Pincus H, eds. Advancing DSM: Dilemmas in psychiatric diagnosis. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 2005; xi-xxi.
25. Phillips KA, McElroy SL, Keck PE Jr, Pope HG Jr, Hudson JI. Body dysmorphic disorder: 30 cases of imagined ugliness. American Journal of Psychiatry 1993; 150: 302-308.
26. Crino R. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders: Are opposites related? In: Maj M, Sartorius N, Okasha A, Zohar J, eds. Obsessive compulsive disorder. Chichester: Wiley, 2000: 246-249.
27. Eisen JL, Phillips KA, Rasmussen SA. Obsessions and delusions: The relationship between obsessive compulsive disorder and the psychotic disorders. Psychiatric Annals 1999; 29: 515-522.
28. Phillips KA, McElroy SL, Keck PE Jr, Pope HG Jr, Hudson JI. A comparison of delusional and nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder in 100 cases. Psychopharmacological Bulletin 1994; 30: 179-186.
29. Phillips KA, McElroy SL, Hudson JI, Pope HG Jr. Body dysmorphic disorder: An obsessive compulsive spectrum disorder, a form of affective spectrum disorder, or both? Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1995; 56: 41-52.
30. Veale D. Cognitive behaviour therapy for body dysmorphic disorder. In: Castle DJ, Phillips KA, eds. Disorders of body image. Petersfield, UK: Wrightson Biomedical Publishing, 2002: 121-138.
31. Barsky AJ. Hypochondriasis and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 1992; 15: 791-801.
32. Fallon BA, Qureshi AI, Laje G, Klein B. Hypochondriasis and its relationship to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2000; 23: 605-616.
33. Fallon BA, Javitch JA, Hollander E, Liebowitz MR. Hypochondriasis and obsessive compulsive disorder: Overlaps in diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1991; 52: 457-460.
34. O'Sullivan RL, Mansueto CS, Lerner EA, Miguel EC. Characterisation of trichotillomania. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2000; 23: 587-604.
35. Phillips KA, Gunderson CG, Mallya G, McElroy SL, Carter W. A comparison study of body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1998; 59: 568-575.
36. Phillips KA, Diaz S. Gender differences in body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1997; 185: 570-577.
37. Magarinos M, Zafar U, Nissenson K, Blanco C. Epidemiology and treatment of hypochondriasis. CNS Drugs 2002; 16: 9-22.
38. Horwarth E, Weissman MM. The epidemiology and cross-national presentation of obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2000; 23: 493-507.
39. Skoog G, Skoog I. A 40-year follow-up of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 1999; 56: 121-127.
40. Noyes Jr R, Kathol RG, Fisher MM, Phillips BM, Suelzer MT, Woodman CL. Psychiatric comorbidity among patients with hypochondriasis. General Hospital Psychiatry 1994; 16: 78-87.
41. Barsky AJ, Fama JM, Bailey ED et al. A prospective 4- to 5-year study of DSM-III-R hypochondriasis. Archives of General Psychiatry 1998; 55: 737-744.
42. Foa EB, Franklin ME. Psychotherapies for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review. In: Crino R, Maj M, Sartorius N, Okasha A, Zohar J, eds. Obsessive compulsive disorder. Chichester: Wiley, 2000: 93-115.
43. Zohar J, Sasson Y, Chopra M, Amital D, Iancu I. Pharmacological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A review. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 2000; 43-61.
44. Hood S, Alderton D, Castle D. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Treatment and treatment resistance. Australasian Psychiatry 2001; 19: 118-127.
45. Jenike MA. An update on obsessive-compulsive disorder. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 2001; 65: 4-25.
46. Stein DJ. Neurobiology of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Biological Psychiatry 2000; 47: 296-304.
47. Phillips KA, Albertini RS, Rasmussen SA. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in body dysmorphic disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 2002; 59: 381-388.
48. Hollander E, Allen A, Kwon J et al. Clomipramine vs desipramine crossover trial in body dysmorphic disorder: Selective efficacy of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor in imagined ugliness. Archives of General Psychiatry 1999; 56: 1033-1039.
49. Hadley S, Newcorn JH, Hollander E. The neurobiology and psychopharmacology of body dysmorphic disorder. In: Castle DJ, Phillips KA, eds. Disorders of body image. Petersfield, UK: Wrightson Biomedical Publishing, 2002: 139-155.
50. Fallon BA, Liebowitz MR, Salman E et al. Fluoxetine for hypochondriacal patients without major depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1993; 13: 438-441.
51. Oosterbaan DB, Van Balkom AJLM, Van Boeijen CA, De Meij TGJ, Van Dyck R. An open study of paroxetine in hypochondriasis. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2001; 25: 1023-1033.
52. Pilkowsky I. The response to treatment in hypochondriacal disorders. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1968; 2: 88-94.
53. Fallon BA, Feinstein S. Hypochondriasis. In: Phillips KA, ed. Somatoform and factitious disorders (Review of Psychiatry Series, Vol 20, No 3; Oldham JM and Riba MB, series editors). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 2001; 27-60.
54. Swedo SE, Leonard HL, Rapoport JL et al. A double-blind comparison of clomipramine and desipramine in the treatment of trichotillomania (hair pulling). New England Journal of Medicine 1989; 321: 497-501.
55. Streichenwein SM, Thornby JI. A long-term, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of the efficacy of fluoxetine for trichotillomania. American Journal of Psychiatry 1995; 152: 1192-1196.
56. Christenson GA, Mackenzie TB, Mitchell JE, Mitchell JE, Callies AL. A placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study of fluoxetine in trichotillomania. American Journal of Psychiatry 1991; 148: 1566-1571.
57. Christenson GA, Crow SJ. The characterization and treatment of trichotillomania. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1996; 57: 42-49.
58. Pollard CA, Ibe IO, Krojanker DN, Kitchen AD, Bronson SS, Flynn TM. Clomipramine treatment of trichotillomania: A follow-up report on four cases. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1991; 52: 128-139.
59. Kellner R. The prognosis of treated hypochondriasis: A clinical study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1983; 67: 69-79.
60. Rauch SL, Dougherty DD, Shin LM et al. Neural correlates of factor-analyzed OCD symptom dimensions: A PET study CNS Spectrums 1998; 3: 37-43.
61. Bienvenu OJ, Samuels JF, Riddle MA et al. The relationship of obsessive-compulsive disorder to possible spectrum mechanisms: Results from a family study. Biological Psychiatry 2000; 48: 287-293.
62. Noyes R Jr, Holt CS, Happel RL, Kathol RG, Yagla SJ. A family study of hypochondriasis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1997; 185: 223-232.
63. King RA, Scahill L, Vitulano LA et al. Childhood trichotillomania: clinical phenomenology, comorbidity, and family genetics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1995; 34: 1451-1459.
64. Lenane MC, Swedo SE, Rapoport JL et al. Rates of obsessive compulsive disorder in first degree relatives of patients with trichotillomania: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1992; 33: 925-933.
65. Okasha A. Diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder: A review. In: Maj M, Sartorius N, Okasha A, Zohar J, eds. Obsessive compulsive disorder. Chichester: Wiley, 2000: 1-19.
66. Barsky AJ, Wyshak G, Klerman GL. Hypochondriasis: An evaluation of the DSM-III criteria in medical outpatients. Archives of General Psychiatry 1986; 43: 493-500.
67. Tyrer P, Lee I, Alexander J. Awareness of cardiac function in anxious, phobic, and hypochondriacal patients. Psychological Medicine 1980; 10: 171-174.
68. Eriksson E, Hedberg MA, Andersch B, Sundblad C. The serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine is superior to the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor maprotiline in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Neuropsychopharamacology 1995; 12: 167-176.
69. Rauch SL, Baxter LR Jr. Neuroimaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders. In: Jenike MJ, Baer L, Minichiello WE, eds. Obsessive compulsive disorders: Practical management. 3rd edn. St Louis, MO: Mosby, 1998; 289-317.
70. Pato MT, Pato CN, Pauls DL. Recent findings in the genetics of OCD. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2002; 63: 30-33.
71. Marazziti D, Gemignani A, Dell'Osso L. Trazodone augmentation in OCD: A case series report. CNS Spectrums 1999; 4: 48-49.
72. Kim SW, Grant JE. An open naltrexone treatment study in pathological gambling disorder. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2001; 16: 285-289.