Quantitative risk assessment of Cryptosporidium species infection in dairy calves

Journal of Dairy Science

Volumn 88, Issue 11, 2005, Pages 3932-3943

  Nydam, D V ^a   Mohammed, H O ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

Cattle; Cryptosporidium; Risk assessment; Watershed

Indexed keywords

BOS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; MAMMALIA; PROTOZOA;

AGING; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL HOUSING; ARTICLE; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASE; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; DAIRYING; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ENVIRONMENT; FOMITE; GENETICS; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; OOCYST; PARASITOLOGY; PROBABILITY; RISK FACTOR; SEASON; STATISTICAL MODEL; UNITED STATES; WEANING;

AGING; ANIMALS; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASES; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; DAIRYING; ENVIRONMENT; FOMITES; HOUSING, ANIMAL; LOGISTIC MODELS; NEW YORK CITY; OOCYSTS; PROBABILITY; RISK FACTORS; SEASONS; UNITED STATES; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; WEANING;

EID: 33644877862     PISSN: 00220302     EISSN: 15253198     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73079-4     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Ahl, A. S., J. A. Acree, P. S. Gipson, R. M. McDowell, L. Miller, and M. D. McElvaine. 1993. Standardization of nomenclature for animal health risk analysis. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 12:1045-1053.
2. Ares-Mazas, E., M. J. Lorenzo, J. A. Casal, B. Fernandez da Ponte, J. A. Castro, and F. Freire. 1997. Effect of a commercial disinfectant ("Virkon") on mouse experimental infection by Cryptosporidium parvum. J. Hosp. Infect. 36:141-145.
3. Barwick, R. S., H. O. Mohammed, M. E. White, and R. B. Bryant. 2003. Factors associated with the likelihood of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in soil from dairy farms. J. Dairy Sci. 86:784-791.
4. Bemrah, N., M. Sanaa, M. H. Cassin, M. W. Griffiths, and O. Cerf. 1998. Quantitative risk assessment of human listeriosis from consumption of soft cheese made from raw milk. Prev. Vet. Med. 37:129-145.
5. Blagburn, B. L., and R. Soave. 1997. Prophylaxis and chemotherapy: Human and animal. Pages 111-128 in Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. R. Fayer, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
6. Campbell, I., A. S. Tzipori, G. Hutchison, and K. W. Angus. 1982. Effect of disinfectants on survival of cryptosporidium oocysts. Vet. Rec. 111:414-415.
7. Casella, G., and R. L. Berger. 1990. Statistical Inference. Duxbury Press, Belmont, CA.
8. Covello, V. T., and M. W. Merkhofer. 1993. Risk Assessment Methods. Approaches for Assessing Health and Environmental Risks. Plenum Press, New York, NY.
9. de la Fuente, R., M. Luzon, J. A. Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria, A. Garcia, D. Cid, J. A. Orden, S. Garcia, R. Sanz, and M. Gomez-Bautista. 1999. Cryptosporidium and concurrent infections with other major enteropathogens in 1 to 30-day-old diarrheic dairy calves in central Spain. Vet. Parasitol. 80:179-185.
10. Ebel, E., W. Schlosser, J. Kause, K. Orloski, T. Roberts, C. Narrod, S. Malcolm, M. Coleman, and M. Powell. 2004. Draft risk assessment of the public health impact of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef. J. Food Prot. 67:1991-1999.
11. Faubert, G. M., and Y. Litvinsky. 2000. Natural transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum between dams and calves on a dairy farm. J. Parasitol. 86:495-500.
12. Fayer, R., L. Gasbarre, P. Pasquali, A. Canals, S. Almeria, and D. Zarlenga. 1998. Cryptosporidium parvum infection in bovine neonates: Dynamic clinical, parasitic and immunologic patterns. Int. J. Parasitol. 28:49-56.
13. Garber, L. P., M. D. Salman, H. S. Hurd, T. Keefe, and J. L. Schlater. 1994. Potential risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection in dairy calves. JAVMA 205:86-91.
14. Graczyk, T. K., R. Fayer, M. R. Cranfield, B. Mhangami-Ruwende, R. Knight, J. M. Trout, and H. Bixler. 1999. Filth flies are transport hosts of Cryptosporidium parvum. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 5:726-727.
15. Harp, J. A., and J. P. Goff. 1995. Protection of calves with a vaccine against Cryptosporidium parvum. J. Parasitol. 81:54-57.
16. Harp,J. A., and J. P. Goff. 1998. Strategies for the control of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in calves. J. Dairy Sci. 81:289-294.
17. Harp, J. A., D. B. Woodmansee, and H. W. Moon. 1989. Effects of colostral antibody on susceptibility of calves to Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Am. J. Vet. Res. 50:2117-2119.
18. Hosmer, D. W., and S. W. Lemeshow. 1989. Applied Logistic Regression. Wiley, New York, NY.
19. Jenkins, M. B., M. J. Walker, D. D. Bowman, L. C. Anthony, and W. C. Ghiorse. 1999. Use of a sentinel system for field measurements of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst inactivation in soil and animal waste. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:1998-2005.
20. Kleinbaum, D. G., L. L. Kupper, and H. Morganstern. 1982. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. Van Norstrand Reinhold, New York, NY.
21. MacKenzie, W. R., N. J. Hoxie, M. E. Proctor, M. G. Gradus, K. A. Blair, D. E. Peterson, J. J. Kazmierczak, D. G. Addiss, K. R. Fox, J. B. Rose, and J. P. Davis. 1994. A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N. Engl. J. Med. 21; 331:161-167.
22. McLauchlin, J., C. Amar, S. Pedraza-Diaz, and G. L. Nichols. 2000. Molecular epidemiological analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. in the United Kingdom: Results of genotyping Cryptosporidium spp. in 1,705 fecal samples from humans and 105 fecal samples from livestock animals. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:3984-3990.
23. Mohammed, H. O. 1991. A multivariate indexing system for hygiene in relation to the risk of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. Prev. Vet. Med. 9:75-83.
24. Mohammed, H. O., and T. E. Carpenter. 1991. Use of a multivariable indexing score for hygiene in relation to egg production. Am. J. Vet. Res. 52:970-973.
25. Mohammed, H. O., S. E. Wade, and S. Schaaf. 1999. Risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection in dairy cattle in southeastern New York State. Vet. Parasitol. 83:1-13.
26. Moore, D. A., E. R. Atwill, J. H. Kirk, D. Brahmbhatt, L. H. Alonso, L. Hou, M. D. Singer, and T. D. Miller. 2003. Prophylactic use of decoquinate for infections with Cryptosporidium parvum in experimentally challenged neonatal calves. JAVMA 223:839-845.
27. Morgan, U. M., C. C. Constantine, D. A. Forbes, and R. C. A. Thompson. 1997. Differentiation between human and animal isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum using rDNA sequencing and direct PCR analysis. J. Parasitol. 83:825-830.
28. Naciri, M., M. P. Lefay, R. Mancassola, P. Poirier, and R. Chermette. 1999. Role of Cryptosporidium parvum as a pathogen in neonatal diarrhoea complex in suckling and dairy calves in France. Vet. Parasitol. 85:245-257.
29. Naciri, M., R. Mancassola, P. Yvore, and J. E. Peeters. 1993. The effect of halofuginone lactate on experimental Cryptosporidium parvum infections in calves. Vet. Parasitol. 45:199-207.
30. Nydam, D. V., S. E. Wade, S. L. Schaaf, and H. O. Mohammed. 2001. Number of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts or Giardia spp. cysts shed by dairy calves after natural infection. Am. J. Vet. Res. 62:1612-1615.
31. O'Donoghue, P. J. 1995. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis in man and animals. Int. J. Parasitol. 25:139-195.
32. Office Internationale des Epizooties (OIE). 2001. International Animal Health Code. OIE, Paris, France.
33. O'Handley, R. M., C. Cockwill, T. A. McAllister, M. Jelinski, D. W. Morck, and M. E. Olson. 1999. Duration of naturally acquired giardiosis and cryptosporidiosis in dairy calves and their association with diarrhea. JAVMA 214:391-396.
34. Peng, M. M., L. Xiao, A. R. Freeman, M. J. Arrowood, A. A. Escalante, A. C. Weltman, C. S. Ong, W. R. MacKenzie, A. A. Lal, and C. B. Beard. 1997. Genetic polymorphism among Cryptosporidium parvum isolates: Evidence of two distinct human transmission cycles. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 3:567-573.
35. Perryman, L. E., S. J. Kapil, M. L. Jones, and E. L. Hunt. 1999. Protection of calves against cryptosporidiosis with immune bovine colostrum induced by a Cryptosporidium parvum recombinant protein. Vaccine 23:2142-2149.
36. Quiroz, E. S., C. Bern, J. R. MacArthur, L. Xiao, M. Fletcher, M. J. Arrowood, D. K. Shay, M. E. Levy, R. I. Glass, and A. Lal. 2000. An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis linked to a foodhandler. J. Infect. Dis. 181:695-700.
37. Sischo, W. M., E. R. Atwill, L. E. Lanyon, and J. George. 2000. Cryptosporidia on dairy farms and the role these farms may have in contaminating surface water supplies in the northeastern United States. Prev. Vet. Med. 29:43:253-267.
38. Smith, H. V., and J. B. Rose. 1990. Waterborne cryptosporidiosis. Parasitol. Today 6:8-12.
39. Teunis, P. F. M., and A. H. Hovelaar. 2000. The beta-Poisson doseresponse model is not a single-hit model. Risk Anal. 4:513-520.
40. Vose, D. 2000. Risk Analysis: A quantitative guide. 2nd ed. Wiley and Sons, West Sussex, UK.
41. Wade, S. E., H. O. Mohammed, and S. L. Schaaf. 2000. Prevalence of Giardia spp. Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium andersoni (syn. C. muris) [correction of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium muris (C. andersoni)] in 109 dairy herds in five counties of southeastern New York. Vet. Parasitol. 93:1-11.
42. Woods, K. M., M. V. Nesterenko, and S. J. Upton. 1996. Efficacy of 101 antimicrobials and other agents on the development of Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 90:603-615.