Factors associated with the likelihood of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in soil from dairy farms

Journal of Dairy Science

Volumn 86, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 784-791

  Barwick, R S ^a   Mohammed, H O ^a   White, M E ^a   Bryant, R B ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

Cryptosporidium spp.; Giardia spp.; Risk; Soil

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BOS TAURUS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; GIARDIA; PROTOZOA;

AGRICULTURE; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; DAIRYING; GIARDIA; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; PARASITOLOGY; PH; SOIL; STATISTICAL MODEL;

AGRICULTURE; ANIMALS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; DAIRYING; GIARDIA; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; LOGISTIC MODELS; SOIL;

EID: 0038315323     PISSN: 00220302     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73660-1     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Anderson, B. C. 1991. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium muris-like oocysts among cattle populations of the United States: Preliminary report. J. Protozool. 38:14S-15S.
2. Atwill, E. R., H. O. Mohammed, J. M. Scarlett, and C. E. McCulloch. 1995. Extending the interpretation and utility of mixed effects logistic regression models. Prev. Vet. Med. 24:187-201.
3. Atwill, E. R., R. A. Sweitzer, M. C. Pereira, I. A. Gardner, D. Van Vuren, and W. M. Boyce. 1997. Prevalence of and associated risk factors for shedding Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst and Giardia cysts within feral pig populations in California. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:3946-3949.
4. Barwick, R. S., and H. O. Mohammed. 1997. Risk factors associated with the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in soil samples. Proc. 8th Intl. Symp. Vet. Epi. Econ., Paris.
5. Barwick, R. S., H. O. Mohammed, M. E. White, and R. B. Bryant. 2000. Detection of Cryptosporidium muris and Cryptosporidium parvum in soil samples. Biol. Fertil. Soils 31:385-390.
6. Brown, S. M. A., V. McDonald, H. Denton, and G. H. Coombs. 1996. The use of a new viability assay to determine the susceptibility of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria sporozoites to respiratory inhibitors and extremes of pH. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 142:203-208.
7. Buret, A., N. denHollander, P. M. Wallis, D. Befus, and M. E. Olson. 1990. Zoonotic potential of giardiasis in domestic ruminants. J. Infect. Dis. 162:231-237.
8. Dixon, W. J. 1992. BMDP Statistical software. Berkeley, CA: Univ. CA Press.
9. Fayer, R., and R. G. Leek. 1984. The effects of reducing conditions, medium pH, temperature, and time on in vitro excystation of Cryptosporidium. J. Protozool. 31:567-569.
10. Fayer, R., and T. Nerad. 1996. Effects of low temperatures on viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:1431-1433.
11. Fayer, R. 1997. Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis. CRC Press, Boston, MA.
12. Garber, L. P., M. D. Salman, H. S. Hurd, T. Keefe, and J. L. Schlater. 1994. Potential risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection in dairy calves. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 205:86-91.
13. Goldstein, S. T., D. D. Juranek, O. Ravenholt, A. W. Hightower, D. G. Martin, J. L. Mesnik, S. D. Griffiths, A. J. Bryant, R. R. Reich, and B. L. Herwaldt. 1996. Cryptosporidiosis:an outbreak associated with drinking water despite state-of-the-art water treatment. Ann. Intern. Med. 124:459-468.
14. Hayes, E. B., T. D. Matte, T. R. O'Brien, T. W. McKinley, G. S. Logsdon, J. B. Rose, B. L. P. Ungar, D. M. Word, P. F. Pinsky, M. L. Cummings, M. A. Wilson, E. G. Long, E. S. Hurwitz, and D. D. Juranek. 1989. Large community outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis due to contamination of a filtered public water supply. New England J. Med. 320:1372-1376.
15. Hu, C. J., R. A. Gibbs, N. R. Mort, H. T. Hofstede, G. E. Ho, and I. Unkovich. 1996. Giardia and its implications for sludge disposal. Wat. Sci. Tech. 34:179-186.
16. Johnson, E., E. R. Atwill, M. E. Filkinand, and J. Kalush. 1997. The prevalence of shedding of Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp. based on a single fecal sample collection from each of 91 horses used for backcountry recreation. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 9:56-60.
17. Joseph, C., G. Hamilton, M. O'Connor, S. Nicholas, R. Marshall, R. Stanwell-Smith, R. Sims, E. Ndawula, D. Casemore, P. Gallagher, and P. Harnett. 1991. Cryptosporidiosis in the Isle of Thanet; an outbreak associated with local drinking water. Epidemiol. Infect. 107:509-519.
18. LeChavallier, M. W., W. D. Norton, and R. G. Lee. 1991. Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water supplies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:2610-2616.
19. Leland, D., J. McAnnult, W. Keene, and G. Stevens. 1993. A Cryptosporidiosis outbreak in a filtered water supply. J. Am. Waterworks Assoc. 85:34-42.
20. MacKenzie, W. R., W. L. Schell, K. A. Blair, D. G. Addiss, D. E. Peterson, N. J. Hoxie, J. J. Kazmierczak, and J. P. Davis. 1995. Massive outbreak of waterborne Cryptosporidium infection in Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Recurrence of illness and risk of secondary transmission. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:57-62.
21. Madore, M. S., J. B. Rose, C. P. Gerba, M. J. Arrowood, and C. R. Sterling. 1987. Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in sewage effluents and selected surface waters. J. Parasit. 73:702-705.
22. Mawdsley, J. L., A. E. Brooks, and R. J. Merry. 1996. Movement of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum through three contrasting soil types. Biol. Fertil. Soils 21:30-36.
23. Moore, D. A., and D. H. Zeman. 1991. Cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves: 277 cases (1986-1987). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 198:1969-1971.
24. Mtambo, M. M. A., A. S. Nash, D. A. Blewett, H. V. Smith, and S. Wright. 1991. Cryptosporidium infection in cats: prevalence of infection in domestic and feral cats in the Glasgow area. Vet. Rec. 129:502-504.
25. Muriuki, S. M. K., I. O. Farah, R. M. Kagwiria, D. C. Chai, G. Njamunge, M. Suleman, and J. O. Olobo. 1997. The presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in stools of clinically diarrhoeic and normal nonhuman primates in Kenya. Vet. Parasitol. 72:141-147.
26. Olson, M. E., C. L. Thorlakson, L. Deselliers, D. W. Morck, and T. A. McAllister. 1997. Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Canadian farm animals. Vet. Parasitol. 68:375-381.
27. Richardson, A. J., R. A. Frankenberg, A. C. Buck, J. B. Selkon, J. S. Colbourne, J. W. Parsons, and R. T. Mayon-White. 1991. An outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis in Swindon and Oxfordshire. Epidemiol. Infect. 107:485-495.
28. Rings, D. M., and M. B. Rings. 1996. Managing Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in domestic ruminants. Vet. Med. 91:1125-1131.
29. Roach, P. D., M. E. Olson, G. Whitley, and P. M. Wallis. Waterborne Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in the Yukon, Canada. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:67-73.
30. Robertson, L. J., A. T. Campbell, and H. V. Smith. 1992. Survival of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts under various environmental pressures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:3494-3500.
31. Rose, J. B., C. P. Gerba, and W. Jakubowski. 1991. Survey of potable water supplies for Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25:1393-1400.
32. Schwabe, C. W., H. P. Riemann, and C. W. Franti. 1977. Epidemiology in Veterinary Medicine. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, PA.
33. Smith, H. V., W. J. Patterson, R. Hardie, L. A. Greene, C. Benton, W. Tulloch, R. A. Gilmour, R. W. A. Girdwood, J. C. M. Sharp, and G. I. Forbes. 1989. An outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis caused by post-treatment contamination. Epidem. Inf. 103:703-715.
34. Smith, H. V., and J. B. Rose. 1998. Waterborne cryptosporidiosis: Current status. Parasitol. Today 14:14-22.
35. Solo-Gabriele, H., and S. Neumeister. 1996. US outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis. J. Am. WaterWorks Assoc. 88:76-86.
36. Wade, S., and H. O. Mohammed. 2000. Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle in New York State watershed. Vet. Parasitol. 93:1-11.
37. Xiao, L., R. P. Herd, and D. M. Rings. 1993. Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium on a sheep farm with neonatal diarrhea by immunofluorescence assays. Vet. Parasitol. 47:17-23.
38. Xiao, L., and R. P. Herd. 1994. Infection patterns of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in calves. Vet. Parasitol. 55:257-262.