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Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 1-12

Altering politics, contesting gender

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EID: 33644849740     PISSN: 03057070     EISSN: 14653893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03057070500493712     Document Type: Editorial
Times cited : (11)

References (87)
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    • A.M. Tripp notes that from 1960 to 2000 Africa 'exhibited the world's fastest rate of growth in female representation'. Tripp, 'The New Political Activism in Africa', Journal of Democracy, 12, 3 (July 2001), p. 142.
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    • For a discussion of gender as a process, see 1, 1 (March
    • For a discussion of gender as a process, see K. Beckwith, 'The Concept of Gender: Research Implications for Political Science', Politics and Gender, 1, 1 (March 2005), pp. 128-36.
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    • Male nationalists reinscribed sati in India as a long-standing tradition of Indian culture and invoked widow's self-immolation as a sign of both the fortitude of Indian women and as a symbol of the movement's commitment to 'traditional' values. On Algeria see (New York, Grove Press,)
    • Male nationalists reinscribed sati in India as a long-standing tradition of Indian culture and invoked widow's self-immolation as a sign of both the fortitude of Indian women and as a symbol of the movement's commitment to 'traditional' values. On Algeria see F. Fanon, A Dying Colonialism (New York, Grove Press, 1965)
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    • In the 1820s and 1830s, abolitionists concentrated on slave women's whipping at the hands of slaveholder men to call for the ending of slavery and the restoration of a 'proper' gender order in which freedmen would be heads of patriarchal nuclear families and thus protect their wives from the abuse of men not their husbands. (Portsmouth, NH, Heinemann Press,)
    • In the 1820s and 1830s, abolitionists concentrated on slave women's whipping at the hands of slaveholder men to call for the ending of slavery and the restoration of a 'proper' gender order in which freedmen would be heads of patriarchal nuclear families and thus protect their wives from the abuse of men not their husbands. P. Scully, Liberating the Family? Gender and British Slave Emancipation in the Rural Western Cape, South Africa, 1823-1853 (Portsmouth, NH, Heinemann Press, 1997).
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    • M. Lovett, 'Gender Relations, Class Formation and the Colonial State in Africa', in J. Parpart and K. Staudt (eds), Women and the State in Africa (Boulder, CO, Lynn Reiner, 1989), p. 27.
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    • C. Walker, 'Gender and the Development of the Migrant Labour System c.1850-1930', in C. Walker (ed.), Women and Gender in Southern Africa to 1945 (Cape Town, David Philip, 1990), pp. 168-96.
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    • 'Gender Relations'
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    • 'Women and the State in Africa'
    • D. Rothchild and N. Chazan (eds), (Boulder, CO, Westview
    • J.L. Parpart, 'Women and the State in Africa', in D. Rothchild and N. Chazan (eds), The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, (Boulder, CO, Westview, 1988) pp. 211-12
    • (1988) The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa , pp. 211-212
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    • 7644235708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Gender Relations'
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  • 19
    • 0347665898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • '"This is an Unforgettable Business": Colonial State Intervention in Urban Tanzania'
    • Parpart and Staudt
    • and M. Mbilinyi, '"This is an Unforgettable Business": Colonial State Intervention in Urban Tanzania', in Parpart and Staudt, pp. 111-29.
    • Mbilinyi, M.1
  • 20
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    • 'The Fight for the Control of African Women's Mobility in Colonial Zimbabwe'
    • For one example of the contradictory nature of colonial regulation of women see
    • For one example of the contradictory nature of colonial regulation of women see T. Barnes, 'The Fight for the Control of African Women's Mobility in Colonial Zimbabwe', Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 17, 3 (1992), pp. 586-608.
    • (1992) Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 586-608
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    • 'Gender Relations'
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    • 'The Dual Sex Political System in Operation: Igbo Women and Community Politics in Midwestern Nigeria'
    • N.J. Hafkin and E.G. Bay (eds), (Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press)
    • K. Okonjo, 'The Dual Sex Political System in Operation: Igbo Women and Community Politics in Midwestern Nigeria', in N.J. Hafkin and E.G. Bay (eds), Women in Africa: Studies in Social and Economic Change (Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1976), pp. 45-58.
    • (1976) Women in Africa: Studies in Social and Economic Change , pp. 45-58
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    • '"Sitting on a Man": Colonialism and the Lost Political Institutions of Igbo Women'
    • J. Van Allen '"Sitting on a Man": Colonialism and the Lost Political Institutions of Igbo Women', Canadian Journal of African Studies, 6, 2 (1972), pp. 165-81
    • (1972) Canadian Journal of African Studies , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-181
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    • "Women's War"? Ideology, Stratification, and the Invisibility of Women'
    • "Aba Riots" or Igbo Hafkin and Bay (eds)
    • and "Aba Riots" or Igbo "Women's War"? Ideology, Stratification, and the Invisibility of Women', in Hafkin and Bay (eds), Women in Africa, pp. 100-106.
    • Women in Africa , pp. 100-106
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    • Those courts were the result of negotiations between indigenous male elders and colonial magistrates intent upon codifying customary law to their mutual advantage. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press)
    • Those courts were the result of negotiations between indigenous male elders and colonial magistrates intent upon codifying customary law to their mutual advantage. M. Chanock, Law, Custom and Social Order: The Colonial Experience in Malawi and Zambia (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985).
    • (1985) Law, Custom and Social Order: The Colonial Experience in Malawi and Zambia
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    • 'Women and the State in Africa'
    • Parpart, 'Women and the State in Africa', p. 213.
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  • 32
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    • 'This is an Unforgettable Business'
    • For examples of popular resistance see
    • For examples of popular resistance see Mbilinyi, 'This is an Unforgettable Business'
    • Mbilinyi, M.1
  • 34
    • 0002069288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Gender, Class and State in Africa'
    • In his analysis of the African state, Fatton argued that women opted out of the state and mainstream politics to prevent co-optation by unconsolidated ruling classes. Waylen agrees that women 'disengaged' from the state, but that the vast majority of African women also lacked the capacity to effectively engage in politics. Tripp argues that the state excluded women or co-opted them, leaving the majority 'to their own organizations'. She claims those organisations were the foundation for women's dramatic entry into politics in the 1980s and 1990s. in Parpart and Staudt
    • In his analysis of the African state, Fatton argued that women opted out of the state and mainstream politics to prevent co-optation by unconsolidated ruling classes. Waylen agrees that women 'disengaged' from the state, but that the vast majority of African women also lacked the capacity to effectively engage in politics. Tripp argues that the state excluded women or co-opted them, leaving the majority 'to their own organizations'. She claims those organisations were the foundation for women's dramatic entry into politics in the 1980s and 1990s. R. Fatton Jr., 'Gender, Class and State in Africa', in Parpart and Staudt, Women and the State in Africa, pp. 47-66
    • Women and the State in Africa
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    • (Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Press)
    • A.M. Tripp, Women and Politics in Uganda (Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Press, 2000), p. 7.
    • (2000) Women and Politics in Uganda , pp. 7
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    • See also in this issue
    • See also Geisler in this issue.
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    • Women and the Remaking of Politics in Southern Africa: Negotiating Autonomy, Incorporation and Representation
    • (Uppsala, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet)
    • G. Geisler, Women and the Remaking of Politics in Southern Africa: Negotiating Autonomy, Incorporation and Representation (Uppsala, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2004), p. 55.
    • (2004) , pp. 55
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    • 'Mozambique: Women in the Armed Struggle'
    • R. Meena (ed.), (Harare, Southern Africa Printing and Publishing House)
    • M.J. Arthur, 'Mozambique: Women in the Armed Struggle', in R. Meena (ed.), Gender in Southern Africa: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues (Harare, Southern Africa Printing and Publishing House, 1992), pp. 67-82.
    • (1992) Gender in Southern Africa: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues , pp. 67-82
    • Arthur, M.J.1
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    • Too often, feminism was 'seen as a bourgeois diversion distracting from the class struggle'
    • Too often, feminism was 'seen as a bourgeois diversion distracting from the class struggle', Waylen, Gender in Third World Politics, p. 79.
    • Gender in Third World Politics , pp. 79
    • Waylen, G.1
  • 42
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    • 'Bourgeois Theories of Gender and Feminism and Their Shortcomings with Reference to Southern African Countries'
    • See also Meena (ed.)
    • See also R. Gaidzanwa, 'Bourgeois Theories of Gender and Feminism and Their Shortcomings with Reference to Southern African Countries', in Meena (ed.), Gender in Southern Africa, pp. 92-125.
    • Gender in Southern Africa , pp. 92-125
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    • Women and Resistance
    • Accounts of women's role in liberation movements include (New York, Basic Books)
    • Accounts of women's role in liberation movements include Walker, Women and Resistance; D. Russell, Lives of Courage: Women for a New South Africa (New York, Basic Books, 1989)
    • (1989) Lives of Courage: Women for a New South Africa
    • Walker1    Russell, D.2
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    • 'Women and the State: Zambia's Development Policies and Their Impact on Women'
    • and in Parpart and Staudt
    • and M. Munachonga, 'Women and the State: Zambia's Development Policies and Their Impact on Women', in Parpart and Staudt, pp. 130-42
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    • 'Women and the State in Africa'
    • Parpart, 'Women and the State in Africa'
    • Parpart, J.L.1
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    • 'Women and the State'
    • Parpart, 'Women and the State', pp. 222-3.
    • Parpart, J.L.1
  • 51
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    • Notes that despite the inadequacies of the national machinery advocated by the UN, it did provide a platform for women in and out of the state to build relationships
    • Geisler notes that despite the inadequacies of the national machinery advocated by the UN, it did provide a platform for women in and out of the state to build relationships. Geisler, Women and the Remaking of Politics, p. 27.
    • Women and the Remaking of Politics , pp. 27
    • Geisler, G.1
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    • 'Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses'
    • For a critique of the western bias of the international women's movement see C.T. Mohanty, A. Russo, L. Torres (eds), (Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press,)
    • For a critique of the western bias of the international women's movement see C.T. Mohanty, 'Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses', in C.T. Mohanty, A. Russo, L. Torres (eds), Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism (Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press, 1991), pp. 51-80.
    • (1991) Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism , pp. 51-80
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    • For a critique of sisterhood from an African perspective see (ed.), (Asmara Eritrea, Africa World Press, Inc
    • For a critique of sisterhood from an African perspective see O. Oyewumi (ed.), African Women and Feminism: Reflecting on the Politics of Sisterhood (Asmara Eritrea, Africa World Press, Inc., 2003).
    • (2003) African Women and Feminism: Reflecting on the Politics of Sisterhood
    • Oyewumi, O.1
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    • '"This Too, Is a Way of Fighting", Rural Women's Participation in Zimbabwe's Liberation War'
    • African women's divided political objectives have long been noted. For example, see M.A. Tetreault (ed.), (Columbia, SC, University of South Carolina Press,)
    • African women's divided political objectives have long been noted. For example, see S. Ranchod-Nilsson, '"This Too, Is a Way of Fighting", Rural Women's Participation in Zimbabwe's Liberation War', in M.A. Tetreault (ed.), Women and Revolution in Africa, Asia, and the New World (Columbia, SC, University of South Carolina Press, 1994), pp. 62-88.
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    • For a recent discussion on the problem by South African activists and scholars, see the special issue of Agenda
    • For a recent discussion on the problem by South African activists and scholars, see the special issue of Agenda, 'African Feminisms, Two', 54 (2002).
    • (2002) 'African Feminisms, Two' , vol.54
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    • Women and Revolution in Africa, Asia, and the New World
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    • For a discussion of women's participation in and during liberation struggles during the 1970s and 1980s see Tetreault (ed.), Women and Revolution in Africa, Asia, and the New World
    • Tetreault1
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    • 'Mozambique'
    • and
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    • Arthur1
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    • 'African Feminism: Towards a New Politics of Representation'
    • See
    • See G. Mikell, 'African Feminism: Towards a New Politics of Representation', Feminist Studies, 21, 2 (1995), pp. 405-24
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    • 'The New Political Activism in Africa'
    • In established democracies like Botswana, women were inspired to enter formal politics and to organise more vigorously in civil society during the 1990s
    • Tripp, 'The New Political Activism in Africa'
    • Women and the Remaking of Politics
    • Tripp, A.M.1    Geisler, G.2
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    • In established democracies like Botswana, women were inspired to enter formal politics and to organise more vigorously in civil society during the 1990s
    • Geisler, Women and the Remaking of Politics. In established democracies like Botswana, women were inspired to enter formal politics and to organise more vigorously in civil society during the 1990s.
    • Women and the Remaking of Politics
    • Geisler, G.1
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    • In contrast to Geisler, who argues that conservative rural women lost the minimal political representation they had with the decline of women's wings and the rise of women MPs and national women's movements, we contend that better, if still limited opportunities for marginalised women's activism are now available. See Fish and Britton in this issue
    • In contrast to Geisler, who argues that conservative rural women lost the minimal political representation they had with the decline of women's wings and the rise of women MPs and national women's movements, we contend that better, if still limited opportunities for marginalised women's activism are now available. See Becker, Fish and Britton in this issue. Geisler, Women and the Remaking of Politics, p. 209.
    • Women and the Remaking of Politics , pp. 209
    • Becker1    Geisler, G.2
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    • 'Regional Differences and Contrasting Views'
    • (July
    • J.S. Jacquette, 'Regional Differences and Contrasting Views', Journal of Democracy, 12, 3 (July 2001), p. 111.
    • (2001) Journal of Democracy , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 111
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    • 'The New Political Activism in Africa'
    • For an overview of women's entry into politics in Africa during the including a global comparison of the percentage of women in national parliaments, see
    • For an overview of women's entry into politics in Africa during the 1990s, including a global comparison of the percentage of women in national parliaments, see Tripp, 'The New Political Activism in Africa'.
    • (1990)
    • Tripp, A.M.1
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    • For a discussion of women in national politics in southern Africa see
    • For a discussion of women in national politics in southern Africa see Geisler, Women and the Remaking of Politics.
    • Women and the Remaking of Politics
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    • 'The Comparative Politics of Women's Movements'
    • (September
    • K. Beckwith, 'The Comparative Politics of Women's Movements', Perspectives on Politics, 3, 3 (September 2005), p. 587.
    • (2005) Perspectives on Politics , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 587
    • Beckwith, K.1
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    • As Mala Htun notes, 'women's presence in decision making is no guarantee of liberal policy. Not all women are liberals'. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
    • As Mala Htun notes, 'women's presence in decision making is no guarantee of liberal policy. Not all women are liberals'. M. Htun, Sex and the State: Abortion, Divorce, and the Family Under Latin American Dictatorships and Democracies (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 173.
    • (2003) Sex and the State: Abortion, Divorce, and the Family Under Latin American Dictatorships and Democracies , pp. 173
    • Htun, M.1
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    • 'Sisters Under the Skin: Women and the Women's League in Zambia'
    • The limitations of women's wings on women's political activism has long been recognised. For early analyses of women's wings on the African continent, see
    • The limitations of women's wings on women's political activism has long been recognised. For early analyses of women's wings on the African continent, see G. Geisler, 'Sisters Under the Skin: Women and the Women's League in Zambia', Journal of Modern African Studies, 25, 1 (1987), pp. 43-66
    • (1987) Journal of Modern African Studies , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-66
    • Geisler, G.1
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    • 'Women and the State'
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    • 'Institutional Dilemmas: Representation versus Mobilization in the South African Gender Commission'
    • For two recent accounts on South African gender machinery see (Fall
    • For two recent accounts on South African gender machinery see G.W. Seidman, 'Institutional Dilemmas: Representation versus Mobilization in the South African Gender Commission', Feminist Studies, 29, 3 (Fall 2003), pp. 541-63
    • (2003) Feminist Studies , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 541-563
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    • 'The Gender Pact and Democratic Consolidation: Institutionalizing Gender Equality in the South African State'
    • and in the same issue
    • and S. Hassim, 'The Gender Pact and Democratic Consolidation: Institutionalizing Gender Equality in the South African State', pp. 505-28 in the same issue.
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    • Namibian Women's Movement, 1980 to 1992: From Anti-Colonial Resistance to Reconstruction
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    • Analyses of women's movements in Africa have been numerous and include H. Becker, Namibian Women's Movement, 1980 to 1992: From Anti-Colonial Resistance to Reconstruction (Frankfurt, IKO-Verlag für Interkulturelle Kommunikation, 1995)
    • (1995)
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    • 'Women in South Africa's Transition to Democracy'
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    • 'Strategies for Change: Women and Politics in Eritrea and South Africa'
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    • For comparative studies see D. Connell, 'Strategies for Change: Women and Politics in Eritrea and South Africa', Review of African Political Economy, 25, 76 (1998), pp. 189-205
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    • No Shortcuts to Power
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    • Women and the Remaking of Politics
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