The mediating role of alienation in the development of maladjustment in youth exposed to community violence

Development and Psychopathology

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 215-232

  O'Donnell, Deborah A ^a   Schwab Stone, Mary E ^b   Ruchkin, Vladislav ^b  

^a ST MARY'S COLLEGE OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; EMOTIONALITY; FEMALE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; JUVENILE DELINQUENCY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALADJUSTMENT; MALE; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPATHY; PSYCHOTRAUMA; SCHOOL CHILD; SOCIAL ISOLATION; SOMATIZATION; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; VICTIM; VIOLENCE; WITNESS;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY; CHILD; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; JUVENILE DELINQUENCY; MINORITY GROUPS; RISK-TAKING; SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT; SOCIAL ALIENATION; VIOLENCE;

EID: 33644839867     PISSN: 09545794     EISSN: 14692198     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579406060123     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopeless depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358-372.
2. Allen, J. P., Moore, C. M., & Kuperminc, G. P. (1997). Developmental approaches to understanding adolescent deviance. In S. Luthar, J. Burack, D. Cicchetti, & J. Weisz (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Perspectives on adjustment, risk, and disorder (pp. 448-567). New York: Cambridge University Press.
3. American School Health Association. (1990). The national adolescent student health survey: A report of the health of America's youth. Oakland, CA: Third Party Publishing.
4. Arbuckle, J. L., & Wothke, W. (1999). Amos 4.0 user's guide. Chicago: SmallWaters.
5. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognition theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
6. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6, 1173-1182.
7. Barone, C., Weissberg, R. P., Kasprow, W. J., Voyce, C. K., Arthur, M. W., & Shriver, T. P. (1995). Involvement in multiple problem behaviors of young urban adolescents. Journal of Primary Prevention, 15, 261-283.
8. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indices in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
9. Blatt, S. J., & Homann, E. (1992). Parent-child interaction in the etiology of dependent and self-critical depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 47-91.
10. Bourne, L. E., & Russo, N. F. (1998). Psychology: Behavior in context. New York: W.W. Norton.
11. Barwne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
12. Calabrese, R. L. (1988). The effects of family factors on levels of adolescent alienation. The High School Journal, 24, 187-191.
13. Calabrese, R. L. (1989). The effects of mobility on adolescent alienation. High School Journal, 73, 41-46.
14. Calabrese, R. L., & Adams, J. (1990). Alienation: A cause of juvenile delinquency. Adolescence, 25, 435-440.
15. Calabrese, R. L., & Poe, J. (1990). Alienation: An explanation of high dropout rates among African American and Latino students. Educational Research Quarterly, 14, 22-26.
16. Centers for Disease Control. (1991a). HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. Atlanta, GA: Author.
17. Centers for Disease Control. (1991b). Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Atlanta, GA: Author.
18. Cicchetti, D., & Lynch, M. (1993). Toward an ecological/transactional model of community violence and child maltreatment: Consequences for children's development. Psychiatry, 56, 96-118.
19. Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. (1997). Transactional ecological systems in developmental psychopathology. In S. Luthar, J. Burak, D. Cicchetti, & J. Weisz (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Perspectives on adjustment, risk, and disorders (pp. 317-349). New York: Cambridge University Press.
20. Costa, F. M., Jessor, R., Donovan, J. E., & Fortenberry, J. D. (1995). Early initiation of sexual intercourse: The influence of psychosocial unconventionality. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 5, 93-121.
21. Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74-101.
22. Cummings, E. M. (1998). Children exposed to marital conflict and violence: Conceptual and theoretical directions. In G. W. Holden, R. Geffner, & E. N. Jouriles (Eds.), Children exposed to marital violence: Theory, research and applied issues (pp. 55-94). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
23. Damon, W., & Hart, D. (1992). Self-understanding and its role in social and moral development. In M. H. Bornstein & M. E. Lamb (Eds.), Developmental psychology: An advanced textbook (pp. 421-464). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
24. Doernberger, C. H. (1992). Aspects of competence: Resilience among inner-city adolescents. Unpublished Masters' thesis, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
25. Donnerstein, E., Slaby, R., & Eron, L. (1994). The mass media and youth aggression. In L. Eron, J. Gentry, & P. Schlegel (Eds.), Reason to hope: A psychological perspective on violence & youth (pp. 219-250). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
26. Durkheim, E. (1951). Suicide: A study in sociology. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. (Original work published 1897)
27. Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D., & Menard, S. (1989). Multiple problem youth: Delinquency, substance use, and mental health problems. New York: Springer-Verlag.
28. Farber, E. A., & Egeland, B. (1987). Invulnerability among abused and neglected children. In E. J. Anthony & B. J. Cohler (Eds.), The invulnerable child (pp. 253-288). New York: Guilford Press.
29. Farrell, A. D., & Bruce, S. E. (1997). Impact of exposure to community violence on violent behavior and emotional distress among urban adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 26, 2-14.
30. Gara, M. A., Woolfolk, R. L., Cohen, B. D., Goldston, R. B., et al. (1993). Perception of self and other in major depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 93-100.
31. Garbarino, J., Dubrow, N., Kostelny, K., & Pardo, C. (1992). Children in danger: Coping with the consequences of community violence. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
32. Garbarino, J., & Kostelny, K. (1996). Child development: What do we need to know to understand children in war? In R. Apfel & B. Simon (Eds.), Minefields in the heart: The mental health of children in war and communal violence. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
33. Geis, K. J., & Ross, C. E. (1998). A new look at urban alienation: The effects of neighborhood disorder on perceived powerlessness. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61, 232-246.
34. Gergen, K. J. (1992). Social construction and moral action. In D. N. Robinson (Ed.), Social discourse and moral judgment (pp. 9-27). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
35. Grabe, M. (1981). School size and the importance of school activities. Adolescence, 16, 21-31.
36. Hawkins, J. D., & Catalano, R. F. (1990). Seattle social development project. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work.
37. Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York: Free Press.
38. Jenkins, E. J., & Bell, C. C. (1997). Exposure and response to community violence among children and adolescents. In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.), Children in a violent society (pp. 9-31). New York: Guilford Press.
39. Jessor, R., Donovan, J. E., & Costa, F. M. (1989). School health study. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science.
40. Jessor, R., & Jessor, S. (1977). Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth. New York: Academic Press.
41. Johnston, L. D., Bachman, J., & O'Malley, P. M. (1990). Monitoring the future. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research.
42. Junger-Tas, J. (1994). Delinquent behavior among young people in the Western world. Amsterdam: Kugler Publications.
43. Klein, R. G. (1991). Parent-child agreement in clinical assessment of anxiety and other psychopathology: A review. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 55, 187-198.
44. Kliewer, W., Lepore, S. J., Oskin, D., & Johnson, P. D. (1998). The role of social and cognitive processes in children's adjustment to community violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 199-209.
45. Kulka, R., Kahle, L., & Klingel, D. (1982). Aggression, deviance, and personality adaptation as antecedents and consequences of alienation and involvement in high school. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 11, 261-279.
46. Lewinsohn, P. (1985). An integrative theory of depression. In S. Reiss & R. R. Bootzin (Eds.), Theoretical issues in behavioral therapy (pp. 331-359). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
47. Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151-173.
48. Little, T. D., Lindenberger, U., & Nesselroade, J. R. (1999). On selecting indicators for multivariate measurement and modeling with latent variables: When "good" indicators are bad and "bad" indicators are good. Psychological Methods, 4, 192-211.
49. Luthar, S. S. (1991). Vulnerability and resilience: A study of high-risk adolescents. Child Development, 62, 600-616.
50. Luthar, S. S., & Burack, J. A. (2000). Adolescent wellness: In the eye of the beholder? In D. Cicchetti, & J. Rappaport (Eds.), The promotion of wellness in children and adolescents (pp. 29-57). Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America.
51. Lynch, M. (2003). Consequences of children's exposure to community violence. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6, 265-274.
52. Lynch, M., & Cicchetti, D. (1998). An ecological-transactional analysis of children and contexts: The longitudinal interplay among child maltreatment, community violence, and children's symptomatology. Development and Psychopathology, 10, 235-257.
53. Lynch, M., & Cicchetti, D. (2002). Links between community violence and the family system: Evidence from children's feelings of relatedness and perceptions of parental behavior. Family Process, 41, 519-532.
54. Macksoud, M., Aber, J. L., & Cohen, I. (1996). Assessment of the impact of war on children: Theoretical framework and case example. In R. Apfel & B. Simon (Eds.), Minefields in the heart: The mental health of children in war and communal violence.
55. Margolin, G. (1998). Effects of domestic violence on children. In P. K. Trickett & C. J. Schellenbach (Eds.), Violence against children in the family and the community (pp. 57-102). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
56. Martinez, P., & Richters, J. E. (1993). The NIMH Community Violence Project: Children's distress symptoms associated with violence exposure. In D. Reiss, J. E. Richters, M. Radke-Yarrow, & D. Scharff (Eds.), Children and violence (pp. 82-95). New York: Guilford Press.
57. Marx, K. (1964). The economic and philosophical manuscripts of 1844. New York: International Publishers. (Original work published 1844)
58. Milgram, N. A. (1998). Children under stress. In T. H. Ollendick & M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of child psychopathology (pp. 505-536). New York: Plenum Press.
59. Moffitt, T. E. (1996). Measuring children's antisocial behavior. Journal of the American Medical Association, 275, 403-404.
60. Moyer, T., & Motta, R. (1982). Alienation and school adjustment among African American and white adolescents. The Journal of Psychology, 112, 21-28.
61. Nelson, C. A., & Carver, L. J. (1998). The effects of stress and trauma on brain and memory: A view from developmental cognitive neuroscience. Development and Psychopathology, 10, 793-809.
62. O'Donnell, D., Biederman, J., Jones, J., Wilens, T., Milberger, S., Mick, E., et al. (1998). Informativeness of child and parent reports on substance use disorders in a sample of ADHD probands, control probands, and their siblings. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 752-758.
63. Oldenquist, A., & Rosner, M. (1991). Alienation, community, and work. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
64. Perry, B. D. (2001). The neurodevelopmental impact of violence in childhood. In D. Schetky & E. Benedek (Eds.), Textbook of child and adolescent forensic psychiatry (pp. 221-238). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
65. Perry, B. D., & Pollard, R. A. (1998). Homeostasis, stress, trauma, and adaptation - A neurodevelopmental view of childhood trauma. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 7, 33-51.
66. Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (1992). BASC (Behavioral Assessment System for Children) manual. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
67. Richters, J. E., & Martinez, P. E. (1993). The NIMH community violence project: I. Children as victims of and witnesses to violence. Psychiatry, 56, 7-21.
68. Roberts, B. R. (1987). A confirmatory factor-analytic model of alienation. Social Psychology Quarterly, 50, 346-351.
69. Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L. S. (1991). Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
70. Rogers, C. R. (1987). The underlying theory: Drawn from experiences with individuals and groups. Counseling and Values, 32, 38-45.
71. Rossman, B. (1998). Descartes' error and posttraumatic stress disorder: Cognition and emotion in children who are exposed to parental violence. In G. W. Holden, R. Geffner, & E. N. Jouriles (Eds.) Children exposed to marital violence: Theory, research, and applied issues (pp. 223-256). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
72. Sankey, M., & Huon, G. F. (1999). Investigating the role of alienation in a multicomponent model of juvenile delinquency. Journal of Adolescence, 22, 95-107.
73. Schabracq, M., & Cooper, C. (2003). To be me or not to be me: About alienation. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 16, 53-79.
74. Schaffer, H. R. (1996). Social development. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
75. Schwab-Stone, M. E. (1995). The Social and Health Assessment. New Haven, CT: Yale University, Medical School.
76. Schwab-Stone, M. E., Ayers, T. S., Kasprow, W., Voyce, C., Barone, C., Shriver, T., et al. (1995). No safe haven: A study of violence exposure in an urban community. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1343-1352.
77. Schwab-Stone, M. E., Chen, C., Greenberger, E., Silver, D., Lichtman, J., & Voyce, C. (1999). No safe haven II: The effects of violence exposure in urban youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 359-367.
78. Schwab-Stone, M., Jones, S. M., Henrich, C., Leckman, P., & Ruchkin, V. (2003). No safe haven: III. Disentangling the impact of involvement in violence from violence exposure. Unpublished manuscript.
79. Schwartz, D., & Proctor, L. J. (2000). Community violence exposure and children's social adjustment in the school peer group: The mediating roles of emotion regulation and social cognition. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 670-683.
80. Seeman, M. (1959). On the meaning of alienation. American Sociological Review, 24, 783-791.
81. Seeman, M. (1983). Alienation motifs in contemporary theorizing: The hidden continuity of classic themes. Social Psychology Quarterly, 46, 171-184.
82. Seeman, M. (1991). Sentiments and structures: Strategies for research in alienation. In A. Oldenquist & M. Rosner (Eds.), Alienation, community, and work (pp. 17-34). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
83. Segrin, C., & Abramson, L. (1994). Negative reactions to depressive behaviors: A communication theories analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 655-688.
84. Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Helplessness: On depression, development, and death. San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
85. Singer, D., & Singer, J. (2000). Handbook of children and the media. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
86. Sroufe, L. A. (1990). An organizational perspective on the self. In D. Cicchetti & M. Beeghly (Eds.), The self in transition: Infancy to childhood. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation series on mental health and development (pp. 281-307). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
87. Stader, S., & Hokanson, J. (1998). Psychosocial antecedents of depressive symptoms: An evaluation using daily experiences methodology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 17-26.
88. Trickett, P. K., & Schellenbach, C. J. (1998). Violence against children in the family and the community. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
89. Weissberg, R. P., Voyce, C. K., & Kasprow, W. J. (1991). The Social and Health Assessment. New Haven, CT: Yale University, Medical School.
90. Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1982). Vulnerable but invincible: A study of resilient children. New York: McGraw-Hill.
91. Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1992). Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
92. Wilkerson, J., Protinsky, H., Maxwell, J., & Lentner, M. (1982). Alienation and ego identity in adolescents. Adolescence, 17, 133-139.
93. Willis, D. J., & Silovsky, J. (1998). Prevention of violence at the societal level. In P. K. Trickett & C. J. Schellenbach (Eds.), Violence against children in the family and community (pp. 401-416). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
94. Wilson, W. C., & Rosenthal, B. S. (2003). The relationship between exposure to community violence and psychological distress among adolescents: A meta-analysis. Violence and Victims, 18, 335-352.
95. Wong, C. A., Eccles, J. S., & Sameroff, A. S. (1998). What does ethnicity have to do with adolescents' psychosocial functioning? The influence of perceived discrimination and ethnic identification on White and African-American early adolescents' school and socio-emotional adjustment. Unpublished manuscript, Ann Arbor, MI.