Temporal variations in heat fluxes over a central European city centre

Theoretical and Applied Climatology

Volumn 84, Issue 1-3, 2006, Pages 103-115

  Offerle, B ^a,b   Grimmond, C S B ^a   Fortuniak, K ^c   Klysik K ^c   Oke, T R ^d  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LODZ   (Poland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENERGY BALANCE; HEAT FLUX; TEMPORAL VARIATION; URBAN CLIMATE;

CENTRAL EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE; LODZ [LODZKIE]; LODZKIE; POLAND;

EID: 33644794897     PISSN: 0177798X     EISSN: 14344483     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00704-005-0148-x     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. AJ Arnfield 2003 Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. Int J Climatol 23 1-26 10.1002/joc.859
2. Christen A, Vogt R, Rotach MW, Parlow E (2002) First results from BUBBLE II: Partitioning of turbulent heat fluxes over urban surfaces. Preprints. Fourth Symp. on the urban environment, 20-24 May 2002, Norfolk, Virginia. Amer Meteor Soc, pp 105-106
3. R Ellefsen 1990 Mapping and measuring buildings in the canopy boundary layer in ten U.S. cities. Energ Buildings 15-16 1025-1049
4. JJ Finnigan 2004 A re-evaluation of long-term flux measurement techniques Part II: Coordinate systems. Bound-Layer Meteor 113 1-41 10.1023/B:BOUN.0000037348.64252.45
5. CSB Grimmond 1992 The suburban energy balance: Methodological considerations and results for a mid-latitude west coast city under winter and spring conditions. Int J Climatol 12 481-497
6. CSB Grimmond TR Oke 1999a Heat storage in urban areas: Observations and evaluation of a simple model. J Appl Meteor 38 922-940
7. CSB Grimmond TR Oke 1999b Aerodynamic properties of urban areas derived from analysis of surface form. J Appl Meteor 38 1262-1292
8. CSB Grimmond TR Oke 2002 Turbulent heat fluxes in urban areas: observations and a local-scale urban meteorological parameterization scheme (LUMPS). J Appl Meteor 41 792-810 10.1175/ 1520-0450(2002)041<0792:THFIUA>2.0.CO;2
9. JC Kaimal JJ Finnigan 1994 Atmospheric boundary layer flows: Their structure and measurement. Oxford University Press New York 289 pp
10. K Kłysik 1996 Spatial and seasonal distribution of anthropogenic heat emissions in Łódź, Poland. Atmos Environ 30 3397-3404
11. Kłsik K (2002) The characteristics of urban areas in Łódź from a climatological point of view. Fourth Symp. on the urban environment, Norfolk, VA. Amer Meteor Soc
12. Kuttler W (1988) Spatial and temporal structures of the urban climate - a survey. In: Grefen K, Lóbel J (eds) Environmental meteorology. Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp 305-333
13. A Martilli A Clappier MW Rotach 2002 An urban surface exchange parameterisation for mesoscale models. Bound-Layer Meteor 104 261-304 10.1023/A:1016099921195
14. 2 over a suburban area. J Appl Meteor 43 1700-1710 10.1175/JAM2153.1
15. 2 emissions on a city scale. Environ Sci Tech 36 3139-3146
16. B Offerle CSB Grimmond TR Oke 2003 Parameterization of net all-wave radiation for urban areas. J Appl Meteor 42 1157-1173 10.1175/ 1520-0450(2003)042<1157:PONARF>2.0.CO;2
17. Oke TR (1987) Boundary layer climates. London: Routledge, 435 pp
18. TR Oke 1988 The urban energy balance. Progress Phys Geogr 12 471-508
19. HA Panofsky JA Dutton 1984 Atmospheric turbulence: Models and methods for engineering applications. J. Wiley and Sons New York 397
20. MR Raupach 1994 Simplified expressions for vegetation roughness length and zero-plane displacement as functions of canopy height and area index. Bound-Layer Meteor 71 211-216 10.1007/BF00709229
21. MW Rotach B Fisher M Piringer 2002 COST 715 workshop on urban boundary layer parameterizations. Bull Amer Meteor Soc 83 1501-1504
22. Rotach MW (2002) Overview on the Basel urban boundary layer experiment - BUBBLE. Preprints. Fourth Symp. on the urban environment, 20-24 May 2002, Norfolk, Virginia, Amer Meteor Soc, pp 25-26
23. M Roth 2000 Review of atmospheric turbulence over cities. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 126 941-990 10.1256/smsqj.56408
24. HP Schmid 1994 Source areas for scalars and scalar fluxes. Bound-Layer Meteor 67 293-318 10.1007/BF00713146
25. 2 and energy fluxes over a mixed hardwood forest in the mid-western United States. Agric Forest Meteorol 103 357-374 10.1016/ S0168-1923(00)00140-4
26. P Schotanus FTM Nieuwstadt HAR DeBruin 1983 Temperature measurement with a sonic anemometer and its application to heat and moisture fluctuations. Bound-Layer Meteor 26 81-93 10.1007/BF00164332
27. Tanner BD, Swiatek E, Greene JP (1993) Density fluctuations and use of krypton hygrometers in surface flux measurements. Management of irrigation & drainage systems, ASCE, July 21-23, Park City, Utah, pp 945-952
28. W Theurer 1999 Typical building arrangements for urban air pollution modelling. Atmos Environ 33 4057-4066 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00147-8
29. A van Dijk W Kohsiek HAR de Bruin 2003 Oxygen sensitivity of krypton and Lyman-α hygrometers. J Atmos Oceanic Technol 20 143-151 10.1175/ 1520-0426(2003)020<0143:OSOKAL>2.0.CO;2
30. EK Webb GI Pearman R Leuning 1980 Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 106 85-100 10.1256/smsqj.44706
31. CJ Willmott 1982 Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bull Amer Meteor Soc 63 1309-1313
32. K Wilson A Goldstein E Falge M Aubinet D Baldocchi P Berbigier C Bernhofer R Ceulemans H Dolman C Field A Grelle A Ibrom BE Law A Kowalski T Meyers J Moncrieff R Monson W Oechel J Tenhunen R Valentini S Verma 2002 Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites. Agric Forest Meteorol 113 223-243 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00109-0