Toward estimating climatic trends in SST. Part II: Random errors

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 476-486

  Kent, Elizabeth C ^a   Challenor, Peter G ^a  

^a NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; ESTIMATION; MEASUREMENT ERRORS; RANDOM ERRORS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS;

SEA SURFACE TEMPEARTURE; SEMIVARIOGRAM ANALYSIS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY;

CLIMATOLOGY;

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATOLOGY; ESTIMATION; MEASUREMENT ERRORS; RANDOM ERRORS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS;

CLIMATE CHANGE; ESTIMATION METHOD; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE;

EID: 33644781499     PISSN: 07390572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JTECH1844.1     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Diaz, H. F., C. K. Folland, T. Manabe, D. E. Parker, R. W. Reynolds, and S. D. Woodruff, 2002: Workshop on advances in the use of historical marine climate data (Boulder, Co., USA, 29th Jan-1st Feb 2002). WMO Bull., 51, 377-380.
2. Gleckler, P. J., and B. C. Weare, 1997: Uncertainties in global ocean surface heat flux climatologies derived from ship observations. J. Climate, 10, 2764-2781.
3. James, R. W., and P. T. Fox, 1972: Comparative sea surface temperature measurements. World Meteorological Organization Reports on Marine Science Affairs, Rep. 5, WMO 336, 27 pp.
4. Kaplan, A., M. A. Cane, Y. Kushnir, A. C. Clement, M. Benno Blumenthal, and B. Rajagopalan, 1998: Analyses of global sea surface temperature 1856-1991. J. Geophys. Res., 103 (C90), 18 567-18 589.
5. Kent, E. C., and A. Kaplan, 2006: Toward estimating climatic trends in SST data. Part III: Systematic biases. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 23, 487-500.
6. Kent, E. C., and P. K. Taylor, 2006: Toward estimating climatic trends in SST data. Part I: Methods of measurement. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 23, 464-475.
7. Kent, E. C., P. G. Challenor, and P. K. Taylor, 1999: A statistical determination of the random observational errors present in voluntary observing ships meteorological reports. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 905-914.
8. Lindau, R., 1995: A new Beaufort equivalent scale. Proc. Int. COADS Winds Workshop, Kiel, Germany, Institut für Meereskunde and NOAA Environmental Research Labs, 232-252.
9. Lindau, R., 2003: Errors of Atlantic air-sea fluxes derived from ship observations. J. Climate, 16, 783-788.
10. McCullagh, P., and J. A. Nelder, 1989: General Linearised Models. 2d ed. Chapman and Hall, 511 pp.
11. National Geophysical Data Center, 1993: Digital relief of the surface of the earth. NOAA Data Announcement 93-MGG-01, 1 pp.
12. Rayner, N. A., D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton, C. K. Folland, L. V. Alexander, D. P. Rowell, E. C. Kent, and A. Kaplan, 2003: Global analyses of SST, sea ice and night marine air temperature since the late 19th century. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4407, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670.
13. Reynolds, R. W., N. A. Rayner, T. M. Smith, D. C. Stokes, and W. Q. Wang, 2002: An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate. J. Climate, 15, 1609-1625.
14. Saur, J. F. T., 1963: A study of the quality of sea water temperatures reported in the logs of ships' weather observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 2, 417-425.
15. Smith, T. M., and R. W. Reynolds, 2003: Extended reconstruction of global sea surface temperatures based on COADS data (1854-1997). J. Climate, 16, 1495-1510.
16. Tauber, G. M., 1969: The comparative measurements of sea surface temperature in the U.S.S.R. World Meteorological Organization Tech. Note 103, 151 pp.
17. Walden, H., 1966: On water temperature measurements aboard merchant vessels (in German). Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z., 19, 21-28.
18. Wilkerson, J. C., and M. D. Earle, 1990: A study of differences between environmental reports by ships in the Voluntary Observing Program and measurements from NOAA buoys. J. Geophys. Res., 95 (C3), 3373-3385.
19. WMO, 1997: International list of selected, supplementary and auxiliary ships. WMO Rep. 47.
20. Wolter, K., 1997: Trimming problems and remedies in COADS. J. Climate, 10, 1980-1997.
21. Woodruff, S. D., H. F. Diaz, J. D. Elms, and S. J. Worley, 1998: COADS release 2 data and metadata enhancements for improvements of marine surface flux fields. Phys. Chem. Earth, 23, 517-527.
22. Yan, Z., S. Bate, R. E. Chandler, V. Isham, and H. Wheater, 2002: An analysis of daily maximum wind speed in northwestern Europe using generalized linear models. J. Climate, 15, 2073-2088.
23. Yu, L., and J. J. O'Brien, 1995: Variational data assimilation for determining the seasonal net surface heat flux using a tropical Pacific Ocean model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 2319-2343.