South African children conception of self

Early Child Development and Care

Volumn 152, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 55-76

  Akande, Adebowale ^a  

^a NORTH WEST UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Child; Cross cultural; Self; Xhosa South African

Indexed keywords

EID: 33644775137     PISSN: 03004430     EISSN: 14768275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0300443991520105     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Akande, A. (1990). The meaning of self in the African mind. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, Obafemi Awolowo University.
2. Akande, A. (1997). Black Adolescents' Attitudes Project. School Psychology International, 18, 325-341.
3. Akande, A. (1998). Intercultural and cross-cultural assessment of self-esteem among youth in twentieth century South Africa. Counselling Bulletin, 23, 53-78.
4. Altmann, H. and Firnesz, K. (1973). A role playing approach to influencing behavioural change and self-esteem? Elementary School Guidance and Counselling, 15, 48-55.
5. Biesheuel, S. (1943). African intelligence. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations.
6. Bond, M.H. and Tak-Sing, C. (1983). College students' spontaneous self-concept. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 14, 153-171.
7. Briggs, S.R. and Cheek, J.M. (1986). The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales. Journal of Personality, 54, 106-147.
8. Bright, J.A. and Williams, C. (1996). Child rearing and education in urban environments. Urban Education, 31, 245-260.
9. Brislin, R. (1993). Understanding Culture's Influence on Behaviour. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
10. Byrne, B. (1996). Measuring self-concept across the life span. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
11. Byrne, N.M. (1996). Academic self-concept Its structure, measurement, and relation with academic achievement In B.A. Bracken (Ed.), Handbook of self-concept. New York: Wiley.
12. Byrne, B.M. and Shavelson, RJ. (1986). On the structure of adolescent self-concept. Journal of Educational Psychology, 78, 474-481.
13. Byrne, B.M. and Shavelson, R.J. (1996). On the structure of social self-concept for pre-, early and late adolescents: a test of the Shavelson, Hubner, and Stanton (1976) model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 599-612.
14. Calsyn, R.J., Quicke, J. and Harris, S. (1980). Do improved communication skills lead to increased selfesteem? Elementary School Guidance and Counselling, 7, 276-281.
15. Chikane, F. (1993). Children in turmoil: The effects of unrest on township children. In A. Burman and B. Reynolds (Eds.), Growing Up in a Divided Society, (pp. 333-344). Johannesburg: Ravan Press.
16. Cole, M. (1998). Cultural Psychology. A once future discipline. New York: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
17. Cooley, C.H. (1902). Human Nature and the Social Order. New York: Schribner.
18. Cousins, S.D. (1989). Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 124-131.
19. Curiel, H. (1991). Strengthening family and school bonds. In Sotomayor, M. (Ed.) Empowering Families: a critical issue for the '90s. Milwaukee, WI: Family Service America.
20. Davis-Zinner, N. (1990). Source differences in male and female self-esteem. Unpublished PhD thesis. California School of Professional Psychology, Los Angeles.
21. Edwards, D. (1995). The school counselor's role in helping teachers and students belong. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 29, 191-210.
22. Elovson, A.C. and Fleming, J.S. (1989). Rationale for multidimensional self-esteem scale scoring and weighting. Unpublished manuscript, California State University.
23. Everatt, D. (1995). Creating a future: Youth policy for South Africa. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.
24. Fleming, J.S. and Courtney, B.E. (1984). The dimensionality of self-esteem: II. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 404-421.
25. Fischer, A.R., Jome, L.M. and Atkinson, D.R. (1998). Reconceptualizing multicultural counseling: Universal healing conditions in a culturally specific context. The Counseling Psychologist, 26, 525-588.
26. Fonseca, A.C., Yule, W. and Erol, N. (1994). Cross-cultural issues. In T.H. Ollendick, N.J. King and W. Yule (Eds.), International handbook of phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (pp. 67-84). New York: Plenum Press.
27. Gerwel, J. (1976) Position of the Coloured: Reaction to White paper. The Sunday Tribune, 20th June.
28. Hale-Benson, J. (1996). Achieving equal educational outcomes for Black children. In Barone, A. and Garcia, E. (Eds.), Children at risk: poverty, minority status, and other issues in educational equity. Washington DC: National Association of School Psychologists.
29. Harter, S. (1985). Manual for the Self-Perception Profile for Children: Revision of the Perceived Competence Scale for Children. Denver, CO: University of Denver.
30. Hattie.J. (1992). Self-concept. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
31. Heath, S.B. (1989). Oral and literate traditions among Black Americans living in poverty. American Psychologist, 44, 367-373.
32. Helm, J.E. (1989). Eurocentricism strikes in strange places and in unusual ways. The Counseling Psychologist, 17, 98-101.
33. Helm, J.E. (1992). Why is there no study of cultural equivalence in standardized cognitive ability testing? American Psychologist, 47, 1083-1101.
34. Helm, J.E. (1995). An update of Helm's White and People of Color racial identity models. In J.G. Ponterotto, J.M., Casas, L.A. and CM. Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural counseling (pp. 181-189). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
35. Hostede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
36. Ibrahim, A.O. (1991). Contribution of cultural worldview to generic counseling and development Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 13-19.
37. Jahoda, G. (1993). Crossroads Between Culture and Mind: Continuities and Change in Theories of Human Nature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
38. Jahoda, G. (1989). Our forgotten ancestors. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 55, 1-40.
39. Jahoda, G. (1993). The color of a chamelon. Cultural Dynamics, 6, 277-287.
40. James, W. (1892). Psychology: The briefer course. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
41. Josephs, R.A., Markus, H.R. and Tafarodi, R.W. (1992). Gender and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 391-402.
42. Johnson, R.W. (1998). South African chaotic education. Times Higher Education, 26, 17.
43. Kagitcibasi, C. (1984). Socialization in a traditional society: A challenge to psychology. International Journal of Psychology, 19, 145-157.
44. Kagitcibasi, C. (1985). Culture of separateness-culture of relatedness: vision and reality. Comparative Studies, 4, 91-99.
45. Katz, J.H. (1985). The sociopolitical nature of counseling. The Counseling Psychologist, 13, 615-624.
46. Kuhn, M.H. and McPartland, T.S. (1954). An empirical investigation of self-attitudes. American Sociological Review, 19, 68-76.
47. Kuper, H. (1986). The Swazi: A South African Kingdom. Chicago: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
48. Lambley, P. (1973). Psychology and socio-political reality: Apartheid psychology and its links with trends in humanistic psychology and behaviour theory. International Journal of Psychology, 8, 73-79.
49. Landrine, H. and Klonoff, E.A. (1996). African American acculturation: Deconstructing race and reviving culture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
50. L'Ecuyer, R. (1992). An experiential-developmental framework and methodology to study. The transformation of the self-concept from infancy to old age. In T.M. Brinthaupt and R.P. Lipka (Eds.), The self: Definitional and methodological issues (pp. 96-134). Albany: State University of New York Press.
51. Lo, M.F. (1989). Self-concept: Interpretations as a psychological construct and relations with sex and achievement In Winter, S. (Ed.) The Hong Kong, Adolescent. Education Department, University of Hong Kong.
52. Mair, L.P. (1969). African Marriage and Social Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
53. Mar'l, S.K. (1982). Cultural and socio-political influences on counselling and career guidance: The case of Arabs in the Jewish state. International Journal for Advancement of Counselling, 5, 247-263.
54. Markus, H.R. and Kitayama, S. (1991). Cultural variation in the self-concept. In J. Strauss and G.R. Goethals (Eds.). The Self: interdisciplinary approaches. New York: Springer-Verlag.
55. Markus, H.R. and Wurf, E. (1987). The dynamic self-concept A social psychological perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 38, 299-337.
56. Marsh, H.W. (1988). The Self Description Questionnaire I: SDQ Manual and Research Monograph. San Antonio: The Psychologist Corporation.
57. Marsh, H.W. (1990a). A multidimensional, hierarchical self-concept: Theoretical and empirical justification. Educational Psychology Review, 2, 77-172.
58. Marsh, H.W. (1990b). Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ)I: A theoretical and empirical basis for the measurement of multiple dimensions of preadolescent self-concept: A test manual and research monograph. Macarthur, New South Wales, Australia: University of Western Sydney, Faculty of Education.
59. Marsh, H.W. (1990c). Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ)II: A theoretical and empirical basis for the measurement of multiple dimensions of adolescent self-concept: An interim test manual and research monograph. Macarthur, New South Wales, Australia: University of Western Sydney, Faculty of Education.
60. Marsh, H.W. (1990d). Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQJIII: A theoretical and empirical basis for the measurement of multiple dimensions of preadolescent self-concept A test manual and research monograph. Macarthur, New Soudi Wales, Australia: University of Western Sydney, Faculty of Education.
61. Marsh, H.W. and Hattie, J. (1996). Theoretical perspectives on the structure of self-concept In B.A. Bracken (Ed.), Handbook of self-concept. New York: Wiley.
62. Marsh, H.W. and Shavelson, RJ. (1985). Self-concept Its multifaceted, hierarchical structure. Educational Psychologist, 20, 107-125.
63. Marwick, T. (1940). The Swazi. London: Fracnk Cass and Co.
64. Mazrui, A.A. (1986). The Africans. New York: Praeger.
65. McKendrick, H. and Thorpe, M. (1996). The mental health of Aboriginal communities. NHMRC Three year Project Grant 1993-1996.
66. Miller, J.P. (1976). Humanizing the classroom: Models for teaching in affective education: New York: Praeger.
67. Moodie, G.C. (1994). The state and the liberal universities in South Africa: 1948-1990. Higher Education, 27, 1-40.
68. Norval, A.J. (1996). Deconstructing apartheid discourse. New York: Verso.
69. Nsamenang, A.B. (1995). Theories of developmental psychology. Poster presents at the ARTS seminar of the IACCP, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
70. Nsamenang, A.B. (1992). Human development in cultural context: a third world perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
71. Ogunnaike, O.A. (1998). Yoruba toddlers' in errands and cognitive performance on an adapted version of the Bayley Mental Scales of Development Unpublished paper ISSBD African regional conference at University of Namibia.
72. Ollendick, T.H., Yang, B., Akande, A., King, N.J. and Dong, Q. (1996). Fears in American, Australian, Chinese, and Nigerian children and adolescents: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 213-230.
73. Olowu, A.A. (1985). Sex differences in the self-concepts in English and Nigerian adolescents. The Journal of Social Psychology, 125, 129-130.
74. Olowu, A.A. (1990). Contemporary Issues in Self-Concept Studies. Ibadan Nigeria: Shaneson.
75. Prilleltensky, I. and Gonick, L. (1996). Politics change, oppression remains: On the psychology and politics of oppression. Political Psychology, 17, 127-148.
76. Purdie, N., Hattie, J. and Douglas, G. (1996). Student conceptions of learning and their use of selfregulated learning strategies: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Educational Psychology, 88, 87-100.
77. Ridley, C.R. (1995). Overcoming unintentional racism in counseling and therapy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
78. Rong, X.L. (1996). Effects of race and gender on teachers' perception of the social behavior of elementary students. Urban Education, 31, 261-290.
79. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-image, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
80. Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the Self. New York: Basic Books.
81. Roth, N.L. and Fuller, L.K. (1998). Women and AIDS: negotiating safer practices care, and representation. New York: Harrington Park Press.
82. Schiele, J.H. (1991). An epistemological perspective on intelligence assessment among African-American children. Journal of Black Psychology, 17, 23-26.
83. Serpell, R. (1993). The significance of schooling: Life journeys in an African society. New York: Cambridge University Press.
84. Serpell, R. (1997). Literary could we connections between school and home: how should we evaluate them? Journal of Literacy Research, 29, 587-616.
85. Shavelson, R.J., Hubner, J.J. and Stanton, G.C. (1976). Self-concept: vafidation of construct interpretation. Review of Educational Research, 46, 407-441.
86. Song, I.S. and Hattie, JA. (1984). Home environments, self-concept, and academic achievement: A causal modeling approach. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1269-1281.
87. Smith, I.D. (1978). Sex differences in self-concept revisited. Australian Psychology, 13, 161-166.
88. Trevino, J.G. (1996). Worldview and change in cross-cwtural counseling. The Counseling Psychologist, 24, 198-215.
89. Triandis, H.C. (1989). The self and social behaviour in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96, 506-520.
90. Triandis, H.C., McCusker, C. and Hui, C.H. (1990). Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1006-1020.
91. UNISA (1998). Guide SKA202-1 Socio-cultural Anthropology, 17, 21-5.
92. Vispoel, W.P. (1995). Self-concept in artistic domains: An extension of the Shavelson, Hubner, and Stanton (1976) model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 134-153.
93. Watkins, D. and Akande, A (1994). Approaches to learning of secondary school children: emic and etic perspectives. International Journal of Psychology, 29, 165-182.
94. Watkins, D. and Akande, A (1992). The internal structure of the self-description questionnaire. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 62, 120-125.
95. Weinstein, G. and Fantini, M. (Eds.), (1970). Toward humanistic education: A curriculum of affect. New York: Praeger.
96. Weisz, J.R., Sigman, M., Weiss, B. and Mosk, J. (1993). Parent reports of behavioral and emotional problems among children in Kenya, Thailand, and the United States. Child Development, 64, 98-109.
97. Willams, J.E. and Best, D.L. (1990). Sex and Psyche. London: Sage.
98. Williams, J.E., Saiz, J.L., Duval, D., Munick, M.L., Fogle, E.E., Adorn, A., Haque, A, Neto, F. and Yu, J. (1995). Cross-cultural variation in the importance of psychological characteristics: A seven-country study. International Journal of Psychology, 30, 529-550.
99. Wylie, R. (1974). The self-concept, Vol. 1. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
100. Wylie, R.C. (1989). The Measurement of Self-concept. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
101. Young, R.A. (1982). Accompanying the adolescent on the career journey: A cognitive developmental approach. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 5, 115-120.
102. Zimbardo, P.G. (1998). Psychology and Life. New York: Harper, Collins Publishers.