The extensor mechanism of the knee joint: An anatomical study

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 214-220

  Andrikoula, Sofia ^a   Tokis, Anastasios ^a   Vasiliadis, Haris S ^a   Georgoulis, Anastasios ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA   (Greece)

Author keywords

Extensor mechanism; Medial patellofemoral ligament; Patellofemoral instability; Quadriceps tendon; Vastus medialis

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CADAVER; FEMALE; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; KNEE; LIGAMENT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; SKELETAL MUSCLE; TENDON;

CADAVER; FEMALE; HUMANS; KNEE JOINT; LIGAMENTS, ARTICULAR; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; TENDONS;

EID: 33644701137     PISSN: 09422056     EISSN: 14337347     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00167-005-0680-3     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Adler N, Perry B, Kent B, Robertson K (1983) Electromyography of the vastus medialis oblique and vasti in normal subjects during gait. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 233:643-649
2. Amis AA, Firer P, Mountney J, Senavongse W, Thomas NP (2003) Anatomy and biomechanics of the medial patellofemoral ligament. Knee 10(3):215-220
3. Beasley LS, Vidal AF (2004) Traumatic patellar dislocation in children and adolescents: treatment update and literature review. Curr Opin Pediatr 16(1):29-36
4. Bose K, Kanagasuntheram R, Osman MBH (1980) Vastus medialis oblique: an anatomic and physiologic study. Orthopaedics 3:880-883
5. Conlan T, Garth WP Jr, Lemons JE (1993) Evaluation of the medial soft-tissue restraints of the extensor mechanism of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 75(5):682-693
6. Desio SM, Burks RT, Bachus KN (1998) Soft tissue restraints to lateral patellar translation in the human knee. Am J Sports Med 26(1):59-65
7. Diamantopoulos A, Tokis A, Tzurbakis M, Patsopoulos I, Georgoulis A (in press) The posterolateral corner of the knee: evaluation under microsurgical dissection. Arthroscopy (in press)
8. Dye SF, Campagna-Pinto D, Dye CC, Shifflett S, Eiman T (2003) Soft-tissue anatomy anterior to the human patella. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85A(6):1012-1017
9. Farahmand F, Tahmasbi NM, Amis AA (2004) The contribution of the medial retinaculum and quadriceps muscles to patellar lateral stability - an in-vitro study. Knee (11):89-94
10. Feller JA, Feagin JA Jr, Garrett WE Jr (1993) The medial patellofemoral ligament revisited: an anatomical study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1(3-4):184-186
11. Fithian DC, Paxton EW, Cohen AB (2004) Indications in the treatment of patellar instability. J Knee Surg 1(1):47-56
12. Fulkerson JP, Hungerford DS (1990) Disorders of the patellofemoral joint, 2nd edn. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
13. Hautamaa PV, Fithian DC, Kaufman KR, Daniel DM, Pohlmeyer AM (1998) Medial soft tissue restraints in lateral patellar instability and repair. Clin Orthop 349:174-182
14. Hubbard KJ, Sampson HW, Elledge JR (1997) Prevalence and morphology of the vastus medialis oblique muscle in human cadavers. Anat Rec 249:135-142
15. Hughston JC (1968) Subluxation of the patella. J Bone Joint Surg Am 50:1003-1026
16. Jeffreys TE (1963) Recurrent dislocation of the patella due to abnormal attachment of the ilio-tibial tract. J Bone Joint Surg Br 45:740-743
17. Kaplan EB (1962) Some aspects of functional anatomy of the human knee joint. Clin Orthop 23:18-29
18. Koskinen SK, Kujala UM (1992) Patellofemoral relationships and distal insertion of the vastus medialis muscle: a magnetic resonance imaging study in nonsymptomatic subjects and in patients with patellar dislocation. Arthroscopy 8(4):465-468
19. Lieb FJ, Perry J (1968) Quadriceps function, an anatomical and mechanical study using amputated limbs. J Bone Joint Surg 50:1535-1548
20. MacNab I (1952) Recurrent dislocation of the patella. J Bone Joint Surg Am 34:957-967
21. Makris CA, Georgoulis AD, Papageorgiou CD, Moebius UG, Soucacos PN (2000) Posterior cruciate ligament architecture: evaluation under microsurgical dissection. Arthroscopy 16(6):627-632
22. Merchant AO (1988) Classification of patellofemoral disorders. Arthroscopy 4(4):235-240
23. Mont MA, Rajadhyaksha AD, Low K, LaPorte DM, Hungerford DS (2001) Anatomy of the knee extensor mechanism: correlation with patellofemoral arthrosis. J South Orthop Assoc 10(1):24-31
24. Ober FR (1939) Recurrent dislocation of the patella. Am J Surg 43:497
25. Reider B, Marshall J, Koslin B, Ring B, Girgis F (1981) The anterior aspect of the knee joint. J Bone Joint Surg 63A:351-356
26. Sakai N, Luo Z, Rand J, An K (2000) The influence of weakness in the vastus medialis oblique muscle on the patellofemoral joint: an in vitro biomechanical study. Clin Biomechanics 15:335-339
27. Salzman A, Torburn L, Perry J (1993) Contribution of rectus femoris and vasti to knee extension. An electromyographic study. Clin Orthop 290:236-243
28. Senavongse W, Farahmand F, Jones J, Andersen H, Bull AM, Amis AA (2003) Quantitative measurement of patellofemoral joint stability: force-displacement behavior of the human patella in vitro. J Orthop Res 21(5):780-786
29. Scapinelli R (1967) Blood supply of the human patella. Its relation to ischaemic necrosis after fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Br 49(3):563-570
30. Smillie IS (1951) Injuries of the knee joint.2nd edn. E & S Livingstone, Edinburgh, p 249
31. Smirk C, Morris H (2003) The anatomy and reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament. Knee 10(3):221-227
32. Soldado F, Reina F, Yuguero M, Rodriquez-Baeza A (2002) Clinical anatomy of the arterial supply of the human patellar ligament. Surg Radiol Anat 24(3-4):177-182
33. Speakman HG, Weisberg J (1977) The vastus medialis controversy. Physiotherapy 63:249-254
34. Suzuki S (1987) The role of the quadriceps muscle for the patellofemoral malalignment syndrome. J Jpn Orthop Assoc 61:905-916
35. Tanner SM, Garth Jr WP, Soileau R, Lemons JE (2003) A modified test for patellar instability: the biomechanical basis. Clin J Sport Med 13(6):327-338
36. Terry GC (1989) The anatomy of the extensor mechanism. Clin Sport Med 8(2):163-177
37. Tifford CD, Spero L, Luke T, Plancher KD (2000) The relationship of the infrapatellar branches of the saphenous nerve to arthroscopy portals and incisions for anterior cruciate ligament surgery. An anatomic study. Am J Sports Med 28(4):562-567
38. Tuxoe IJ, Teir M, Winge S, Nielsen LP (2002) The medial patellofemoral ligament: a dissection study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 10(2):96-101