An update in acute liver failure: When to transplant and the role of liver support devices

Clinical Medicine, Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 40-46

  Murphy, Nick ^a,b  

^a The Liver Unit   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS BIRMINGHAM NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Acute liver failure; Auxiliary; Biological; Fulminant hepatic failure; Hepatic support; Non biological; Paracetamol; Super urgent; Transplant criteria; Viral hepatitis

Indexed keywords

PARACETAMOL;

HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS B; HUMAN; LIVER FAILURE; LIVER TOXICITY; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; REVIEW;

EID: 33644557726     PISSN: 14702118     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.6-1-40     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. O'Grady JG, Schalm SW, Williams R. Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes. Lancet 1993;342:273-5.
2. Trey C, Davidson CS. The management of fulminant hepatic failure. Review. Prog Liver Dis 1970;3:282-98.
3. Bernal W. Changing patterns of causation and the use of transplantation in the United Kingdom. Review. Semin Liver Dis 2003;23:227-37.
4. Lee WM. Acute liver failure in the United States. Review. Semin Liver Dis 2003;23:217-26.
5. Dhiman RK, Seth AK, Jain S, Chawla YK, Dilawari JB. Prognostic evaluation of early indicators in fulminant hepatic failure by multivariate analysis. Dig Dis Sci 1998;43:1311-6.
6. Ostapowicz G, Fontana RJ, Schiodt FV, Larson A et al. Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:947-54.
7. Hawton K, Simkin S, Deeks J, Cooper J et al. UK legislation on analgesic packs: before and after study of long term effect on poisonings. BMJ 2004;329:1076.
8. Emerson SU, Purcell RH. Running like water - the omnipresence of hepatitis E. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2367-8.
9. Gow P, Hathaway M, Gunson B, Heward J, Mutimer D. Association of fulminant non-A non-B hepatitis with homozygosity for HLA A1-B8-DR3. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;20:555-61.
10. Wigg AJ, Gunson BK, Mutimer DJ. Outcomes following liver transplantation for seronegative acute liver failure: experience during a 12-year period with more than 100 patients. Liver Transpl 2005;11:27-34.
11. Jalan R, Olde Damink SW, Deutz NE, Davies NA et al. Moderate hypothermia prevents cerebral hyperemia and increase in intracranial pressure in patients undergoing liver transplantation for acute liver failure. Transplantation 2003;75:2034-9.
12. Jalan R, Damink SW, Deutz NE, Lee A, Hayes P. Moderate hypothermia for uncontrolled intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. Lancet 1999;354:1164-8.
13. Murphy N, Auzinger G, Bernai W, Wendon J. The effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure. Hepatology 2004;39:464-70.
14. Poison J, Lee WM; American Association for the Study of Liver Disease. AASLD position paper: the management of acute liver failure. Hepatology 2005;41:1179-97.
15. Jalan R. Acute liver failure: current management and future prospects. J Hepatol 2005;42(Suppl 1):S115-23.
16. Phil Pocock, Principal Statistician, Statistics and Audit Directorate, UK Transplant. Personal communication. July 2005.
17. O'Grady JG, Wendon J, Tan KC, Potter D et al. Liver transplantation after paracetamol overdose. BMJ 1991;303:221-3.
18. O'Grady JG, Alexander GJ, Hayllar KM, Williams R. Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 1989;97:439-45.
19. Anand AC, Nightingale P, Neuberger JM. Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure: an assessment of the King's criteria. J Hepatol 1997;26:62-8.
20. Bernuau J, Goudeau A, Poynard T, Dubois F et al. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in fulminant hepatitis B. Hepatology 1986;6:648-51.
21. Bernal W, Wendon J, Rela M, Heaton N, Williams R. Use and outcome of liver transplantation in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Hepatology 1998;27:1050-5.
22. Schmidt LE, Dalhoff K. Serum phosphate is an early predictor of outcome in severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatology 2002;36:659-65.
23. Baccharis A, Anselmo D, Shackleton C, Chen TW et al. Phosphorus as an early predictive factor in patients with acute liver failure. Transplantation 2003;75:2007-14.
24. Bernal W, Wendon J. More on serum phosphate and prognosis of acute liver failure. Hepatology 2003;38:533-4.
25. Ng KL, Davidson JS, Bathgate AJ. Serum phosphate is not a reliable early predictor of outcome in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. Liver Transpl 2004;10:158-9.
26. Macquillan GC, Seyam MS, Nightingale P, Neuberger JM, Murphy N. Blood lactate but not serum phosphate levels can predict patient outcome in fulminant hepatic failure. Liver Transpl 2005;11:1073-9.
27. Murphy ND, Kodakat SK, Wendon JA, Jooste CA et al. Liver and intestinal lactate metabolism in patients with acute hepatic failure undergoing liver transplantation. Crit Care Med 2001;29:2111-8.
28. Bernal W, Donaldson N, Wyncoll D, Wendon J. Blood lactate as an early predictor of outcome in paracetamol-induced acute liver failure: a cohort study. Lancet 2002;359:558-63.
29. Mitchell I, Bihari D, Chang R, Wendon J, Williams R. Earlier identification of patients at risk from acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Crit Care Med 1998;26:279-84.
30. Dabos KJ, Newsome PN, Parkinson JA, Mohammed HH et al. Biochemical prognostic markers of outcome in non-paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Transplantation 2004;77:200-5.
31. Brindle JT, Antti H, Holmes E, Tranter G et al. Rapid and noninvasive diagnosis of the presence and severity of coronary heart disease using IH-NMR-based metabonomics. Nat Med 2002;8:1439-44.
32. Haydon GH, Hiltunen Y, Murphy N et al. A new model to maximize the utility of liver allografts in patients with fulminant non-A non-B hepatitis. Hepatology 2004;40(Suppl 1):552A.
33. Boeckx NK, Haydon G, Rusli F, Murphy N. Multiorgan failure is the commonest cause of death in fulminant hepatic failure: a single centre experience. Liver Int 2004;24:702-3.
34. Makin AJ, Wendon J, Williams R. A 7-year experience of severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity (1987-1993). Gastroenterology 1995;109:1907-16.
35. European Liver Transplant Registry, www. eltr.org/publi/results.php3? id_rubrique=47
36. Devlin J, Wendon J, Heaton N, Tan KC, Williams R. Pretransplantation clinical status and outcome of emergency transplantation for acute liver failure. Hepatology 1995;21:1018-24.
37. Haydon GH, Hiltunen Y, Lucey MR, Collett D et al. Self-organizing maps can determine outcome and match recipients and donors at orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 2005;79:213-8.
38. Chenard-Neu MP, Boudjema K, Bernuau J, Degott C et al. Auxiliary liver transplantation: regeneration of the native liver and outcome in 30 patients with fulminant hepatic failure - a multicenter European study. Hepatology 1996;23:1119-27.
39. Girlanda R, Vilca-Melendez H, Srinivasan P, Muiesan P et al. Immunosuppression withdrawal after auxiliary liver transplantation for acute liver failure. Transplant Proc 2005;37:1720-1.
40. van Hoek B, de Boer J, Boudjema K, Williams R et al. Auxiliary versus orthotopic liver transplantation for acute liver failure. EURALT Study Group. European Auxiliary Liver Transplant Registry. J Hepatol 1999;30:699-705.
41. Newsome PN, Bathgate AJ, Henderson NC, MacGilchrist AJ et al. Referral patterns and social deprivation in paracetamol-induced liver injury in Scotland. Lancet 2001;358:1612-3.
42. Atillasoy E, Berk PD. Extracorporeal liver support: historical background and critical analysis. In: Lee WM, Williams R (eds). Acute Liver Failure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997:223-44.
43. Shirabe K, Shimada M, Gion T, Hasegawa H et al. Postoperative liver failure after major hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in the modern era with special reference to remnant liver volume. J Am Coll Surg 1999;188:304-9.
44. Kobayashi N, Noguchi H, Totsugawa T, Watanabe T et al. Insertion of a suicide gene into an immortalized human hepatocyte cell line. Cell Transplant 2001;10:373-6.
45. Selden C, Hodgson H. Cellular therapies for liver replacement. Review. Transpl Immunol 2004;12:273-88.
46. Demetriou AA, Brown RS Jr, Busuttil RW, Fair J et al. Prospective, randomized, multicenter, controlled trial of a bioartificial liver in treating acute liver failure. Ann Surg 2004;239:660-7; discussion 67-70.
47. Ellis AJ, Hughes RD, Wendon JA, Dunne J et al. Pilot-controlled trial of the extracorporeal liver assist device in acute liver failure. Hepatology 1996;24:1446-51.
48. Millis MJ, Kramer DJ, O'Grady JG et al. Results of phase I trial of the extracorporeal liver assist device for patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Am J Transplantation 2001;1(Suppl 1):391.
49. O'Grady JG, Gimson AE, O'Brien CJ, Pucknell A et al. Controlled trials of charcoal hemoperfusion and prognostic factors in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 1988;94(5 Pt 1):1186-92.
50. Lai WK, Haydon G, Mutimer D, Murphy N. The effect of molecular adsorbent recirculating system on pathophysiological parameters in patients with acute liver failure. Intensive Care Med 2005;31:1544-9.
51. Schmidt LE, Wang LP, Hansen BA, Larsen FS. Systemic hemodynamic effects of treatment with the molecular adsorbents recirculating system in patients with hyperacute liver failure: a prospective controlled trial. Liver Transpl 2003;9:290-7.
52. Bernal W, Wong T, Wendon J, A. High-volume continuous veno-venous haemofiltration in hyper-acute liver failure: a pilot study. Critical care 2000;3(Suppl 1):P212.
53. Liu JP, Gluud LL, Als-Nielsen B, Gluud C. Artificial and bioartificial support systems for liver failure. Review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004(1):CD003628.