Cognitive functioning in patients with suspected chronic toxic encephalopathy: Evidence for neuropsychological disturbances after controlling for insufficient effort

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry

Volumn 77, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 296-303

  Van Hout, M S E ^a   Schmand, B ^b   Wekking, E M ^c,d   Deelman, B G ^e  

^a MEDISCH SPECTRUM TWENTE   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^d ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^e UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ORGANIC SOLVENT;

ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; BRAIN TOXICITY; CHRONIC DISEASE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; EDUCATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; LEARNING; LONG TERM EXPOSURE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEMORY; MOTIVATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCORING SYSTEM; SEX DIFFERENCE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; VERBAL BEHAVIOR;

ADULT; AIR POLLUTANTS, OCCUPATIONAL; CHRONIC DISEASE; COGNITION DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; EXPERT TESTIMONY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INSURANCE, DISABILITY; MALE; MALINGERING; MIDDLE AGED; MOTIVATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; SOLVENTS;

EID: 33644537937     PISSN: 00223050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.047167     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Spencer PS, Schaumburg HH. Experimental and clinical neurotoxicology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
2. Houck P, Nebel D, Milham Jr S. Organic solvent encephalopathy; an old hazard revisited. Am J Ind Med 1992;22:109-15.
3. Hageman G, van der Hoek J, van Hout M, et al. Parkinsonism, pyramidal signs, polyneuropathy, and cognitive decline after long-term occupational solvent exposure. J Neurol 1999;246:198-206.
4. Spurgeon A. The validity and interpretation of neurobehavioural data obtained in studies to investigate the neurotonic effects of occupational exposure to mixtures of organic solvents. Contract Research Report 355/2001. Sudbury, Suffolk: HSE Books.
5. White RF, Proctor SP. Solvents and neurotoxicity. Lancet 1997;349:1239-43.
6. Ridgway P, Nixon TE, Leach JP. Occupational exposure to organic solvents ana long-term nervous system damage detectable by brain imaging, neurophysiology or histopathology. Food Chem Toxicol 2003;41:153-87.
7. World Health Organization. Chronic effects of organic solvents on the central nervous system and diagnostic criteria. Environmental health series 5. Copenhagen: WHO, 1985.
8. Baker EL, Seppalainen AM. Workshop on neurobehavioral effects of solvents. Human aspects of solvent neurobehavioral effects. Neurotoxicology 1986;7:45-56.
9. World Health Organization. Operational guide for the WHO neurobehavioral core test battery. Geneva: WHO Office of Occupational Health, 1986.
10. van Hout MSE, Schmand B, Wekking EM, et al. Malingering or suboptimal performance on neuropsychological tests in patients with suspected chronic toxic encephalopathy. Neurotoxicology 2003;24:547-51.
11. van Hout MSE. Strangled by solvents? Psychological diagnosis and treatment of chronic toxic encephalopathy. Thesis. The Netherlands: University of Groningen, 2004.
12. van der Hoek JAF, Verberk MM, Van der Laan G, et al. A protocol for the diagnosis of solvent-induced CTE, 2 years of experience. Neurotoxicology 2000;21:887.
13. Baker EL, Letz RE. A computer-administered neurobehavioral evaluation system for occupational and environmental epidemiology. J Occup Med 1985;27:206-12.
14. Anger WK, Liang YX, Nell V, et al. Lessons learned-15 years of the WHO-NCTB: a review. Neurotoxicology 2000;21:837-46.
15. Emmen HH, Hoogendijk EMG, Hooisma J, et al. Adaptation of two standardized international test batteries for use in the Netherlands for detection of exposure to neurotoxic compounds. Internal Report 1988-18. Rijswijk, The Netherlands: TNO, Medical Biological Laboratory.
16. Wekking EM, Hout MSE van, Emmen HH. The Dutch neuropsychological test battery for diagnosing CTE. Neurotoxicology 2000;21:887-8.
17. Derogatis LR. SCL-90: administration, scoring and procedures manual-I for the (R)evised version. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Clinical Psychomterics Research Unit, 1977.
18. Derogatis LR. SCL-90-R: administration, scoring and procedures manual, 3rd ed. MN: Minneapolis, National Computer Systems, 1994.
19. Arrindell WA, Ettema JHM. Symptom checklist manual. Lisse: Swets Test Publishers, 2003.
20. Heaton RK, Grant I, Matthews CG. Differences in neuropsychological performance, associated with age, education and sex. In: Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
21. Schmand B, Houx P, de Koning I. The Stroop Colour Word test, the Trail Making test, the Rivermead Behavioural Memory test. Dutch norms. Amsterdam: Netherlands Institute of Psychologists, Section of Neuropsychology, 2004. www.psynip.nl.
22. Mulder JL. Het meten van verbale lange termijn geheugenstoornissen bij neurologische en psychiatrische patiënten, (Dutch adaptation CVLT). Thesis. Sliedrecht: Kanters Grafische vormgeving, 1997.
23. Mulder JL, Dekker R, Dekker PH. Verbale Leer en Geheugen Test (Dutch adaptation CVLT manual). Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger, 1996.
24. Luteijn F, van der Ploeg FAE. Groninger Intelligence Test. Handleiding (manual). Lisse: Swets and Zeitlinger, 1983.
25. Stinissen J, Willems PJ, Coetsier P, et al. Nederlandstalige bewerking van de Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (W.A.I.S.) (manual). Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger, 1970.
26. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-revised: manual. Cleveland: The Psychological Corporation, 1981.
27. Visser RSH. Over het natekenen van de complxe figuur van Rey, een neuropsychologisch onderzoek. Thesis. Amsterdam: Swets en Zeitlinger, 1970.
28. Schmand B, de Sterke S, Lindeboom J. The Amsterdam Short-Term Memory test: manual. Lisse: Swets and Zeitlinger, 1999.
29. Tombaugh TM. TOMM test of memory malingering: manual. Toronto: Multi Health Systems, 1996.
30. Schagen S, Schmand B, de Sterke S, et al. Amsterdam Short-Term Memory Test: A new procedure for the detection of feigned memory deficits. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1997;19:43-51.
31. Schmand B, Lindeboom J, Schagen S, et al. Cognitive complaints in patients after whiplash injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:339-43.
32. Bolan B, Foster JK, Schmand B, et al. A Comparison of three tests to detect feigned amnesia: the effects of feedback and the measurement of response latency. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2002;24:154-67.
33. Warrington EK. Recognition Memory Test, manual. Windsor, Berkshire: NFER-Nelson, 1984.
34. Iverson GL, Frantzen MD. Detecting malingered memory deficits with the Facial Recognition Memory Test. Brain Inj 1998;12:275-82.
35. Schmidt IW, Berg IJ, Deelman BG. Relations between subjective evaluations of memory and objective memory performance. Percept Mot Skills 2001;93:761-76.
36. Lannoo E, Colardyn F, Vandekerckhove T, et al. Subjective complaints versus neuropsychological test performance after moderate to severe head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1998;140:245-53.
37. Morrow LA, Stein L, Bagovich GR, et al. Neuropsychological assessment, depression, and past exposure to organic solvents. Appl Neuropsychol 2001;8:65-73.
38. Bolla KI, Schwarte BS, Stewart W, et al. Comparison of neurobehavioural function in workers exposed to a mixture of organic and inorganic lead and in workers exposed to solvents. Am J Ind Med 1995;27:231-46.
39. Karlson B, Seger L, Osterberg K, et al. Stress management in men with solvent-exposed chronic toxic encephalopathy. J Occup Environ Med 2000;42:670-5.
40. Filley CM, Halliday W, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK. The effects of toluene on the central nervous system. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2004;63:1-12.
41. Thuomas KA, Moller C, Odkvist LM, et al. MR imaging in solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy. Acta Radiol 1996;37:177-9.
42. Alkan A, Kutlu R, Hallac T, et al. Occupational prolonged organic solvent exposure in shoemakers: brain MR spectroscopy findings. Magn Reson Imaging 2004;22:707-13.
43. Hawkins KA. Occupational neurotoxicology: some neuropsychological issues and challenges. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1990;12:664-80.
44. Sorensen H. Neuropsychological examination. In:Arlien-Soborg P. Solvent neurotoxicity. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1992:23-49.
45. Loring DW, Lee GP, Meador KJ. Victoria Symptom Validity Test performance in non-litigating epilepsy surgery candidates. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2005;27:610-17.