Categorical and continuous measurement of sex-role orientation: differences in associations with young adults' reports of well-being

Social Behavior and Personality

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 59-76

  Durell Johnson, H ^a   Mcnair, Renae ^a   Vojick, Alex ^a   Congdon, Darcy ^a   Monacelli, Jennifer ^a   Lamont, Janine ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33644530073     PISSN: 03012212     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2006.34.1.59     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
2. Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469-480.
3. Aube, J., Fichman, L., Saltaris, C., & Koestner, R. (2000). Gender differences in adolescent depressive symptomatology: Towards an integrated social-developmental model. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 297-313.
4. Aube, J., Norcliffe, H., Craig, J. A., & Koestner, R. (1995). Gender characteristics and adjustment related outcomes: Questioning the masculinity model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 284-295.
5. Barrett, A. E., & White, H. R. (2002). Trajectories of gender role orientation in adolescence and early adulthood: A prospective study of the mental health effects of masculinity and femininity. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43, 451-468.
6. Bassoff, E. S., & Glass, G. V. (1982). The relationship between sex roles and mental health: A meta-analysis of twenty-six studies. The Counseling Psychologist, 10, 105-112.
7. Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162.
8. Bem, S. L. (1977). On the utility of alternative procedures for assessing psychological androgyny. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 634-643.
9. Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review, 88, 354-364.
10. Block, J. H. (1973). Conceptions of sex role: Some cross-cultural and longitudinal perspectives. American Psychologist, 28, 512-526.
11. Bosma, H. A. (1992). Identity in adolescence: Managing commitments. In G. R. Adams, T. P. Gullotta, & R. Montemayor (Eds.), Adolescent identity formation (pp. 91-121). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
12. Conway, M. (2000). On sex roles and representations of emotional experience: Masculinity, femininity, and emotional awareness. Sex Roles, 43, 687-698.
13. Cramer, K. M., & Neyedley, K. A. (1998). Sex differences in loneliness: The role of masculinity and femininity. Sex Roles, 38, 645-653.
14. Davis, T. L. (2002). Voices of gender role conflict: The social construction of college men's identity. Journal of College Student Development, 43, 508-520.
15. Egan, S. K., & Perry, D. G. (2001). Sex-role identity: A multidimensional analysis with implications for psychosocial adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 37, 451-463.
16. Franke, S., & Hymel, S. (1984). Social anxiety and social avoidance in children: The development of a self-report measure. Paper presented at the Biennial University of Waterloo Conference on Child Development, Waterloo.
17. Frome, P., & Eccles, J. (1996, March). Gender-role identity and self-esteem. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Boston.
18. Graham, J. R., Schroeder, H. E., & Lilly, R. S. (1971). Factor analysis of items on the social introversion and masculinity-femininity scales of the MMPI. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27, 367-370.
19. Grimmell, D. (1998). Effects of gender-role self-discrepancy on depressed mood. Sex Roles, 39, 203-214.
20. Harris, T. L., & Schwab, R. (1990). Sex-role orientation and personal adjustment. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 473-479.
21. Heiser, P., & Gannon, L. (1984). The relationship of sex-role stereotypes to anger expression and the report of psychosomatic symptoms. Sex Roles, 10, 601-611.
22. Hoffman, M. L., Powlishta, K. K., & White, K. J. (2004). An examination of gender differences in adolescent adjustment: The effect of competence on gender role differences in symptoms of psychopathology. Sex Roles, 50, 795-810.
23. Hunt, M. G. (1993). Expressiveness does predict well-being. Sex Roles, 29, 147-169.
24. Jones, W. H., Chernovetz, O. C., & Hansson, R. O. (1978). The enigma of androgyny: Differential implications for males and females? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 298-313.
25. Long, V. O. (1991). Masculinity, femininity, and women scientists' self-esteem and self-acceptance. The Journal of Psychology, 125, 263-270.
26. Maltby, J. (1999). Sex role identity, attitudes toward the opposite and same sex, and defense style. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 160, 381-383.
27. Markstrom-Adams, C. (1989). Androgyny and its relation to adolescent psychological well-being: A review of the literature. Sex Roles, 21, 325-340.
28. Massad, C. M. (1981). Sex role identity and adjustment during adolescence. Child Development, 52, 1290-1298.
29. Pleck, J. H. (1975). Masculinity-femininity: current and alternative paradigms. Sex Roles, 1, 161-178.
30. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, New Jersey:Princeton University Press.
31. Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472-480.
32. Silvern, L. E., & Katz, P. A. (1986). Gender roles and adjustment in elementary school children: A multidimensional approach. Sex Roles, 14, 181-202.
33. Spence, J. T. (1993). Gender-related traits and gender ideology: Evidence for a multifactorial theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 624-635.
34. Spence, J. T., & Hall, S. K. (1996). Children's gender-related self-perceptions, activity preferences, and occupational stereotypes: A test of three models of gender constructs. Sex Roles, 35, 659-691.
35. Stevens, J. (1996). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (3rd ed., pp. 362-428). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
36. Wells, K. (1980). Gender-role identity and psychology adjustment in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 9, 59-63.