-
6
-
-
0029771995
-
-
R. V. Soléand J. Bascompte, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 263, 161 (1996);R. V. Solé, S. C. Manrubia, M. Benton, and P. Bak (unpublished).
-
(1996)
Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B
, vol.263
, pp. 161
-
-
Soléand J. Bascompte, R.V.1
Solé, R.V.2
Manrubia, S.C.3
Benton, M.4
Bak, P.5
-
9
-
-
85037199855
-
-
Yu. M. Svirezhev and D. O. Logofet, Stability of Biological Communities (Mir, Moscow, 1983)
-
Yu. M. Svirezhev and D. O. Logofet, Stability of Biological Communities (Mir, Moscow, 1983).
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
0022927037
-
-
D. M. Raup, Science 231, 1528 (1986).
-
(1986)
Science
, vol.231
, pp. 1528
-
-
Raup, D.M.1
-
18
-
-
85037222139
-
-
Extinction, Bad Genes or Bad Luck? (Oxford University Press, Oxford 1991)
-
D. M. Raup, Extinction, Bad Genes or Bad Luck? (Oxford University Press, Oxford 1991).
-
-
-
Raup, D.M.1
-
20
-
-
0026756206
-
-
163, 161 (1993). The observed exponent (Formula presented)≈2 is quite different from what should be expected from a simple statistical argument. A power law relation for taxonomy has been derived by some authors [see S. Nee, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 8322 (1992)]. Assuming a branching process, where species are generated from a given ancestor, a power law with α=3/2 is obtained, rather far from the one observed in the fossil record.
-
(1992)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
, vol.89
, pp. 8322
-
-
-
22
-
-
0026278792
-
-
In fact, many field studies provide a matrix where only the signs (+, -) are indicated. Beyond the apparent limitations of this partial information, an important body of theory of ecological systems deals with the so-called qualitative stability (see 8, 9). Although the magnitudes of the mutual effects are seldom known accurately, a graph analysis of the network is a powerful tool in order to define the stability of a given graph. Additionally, the symmetry of the distribution of changes used in rule (i) is justified in terms of the origin of randomness. Changes in the connections can be generated through a multiple phenomena, both biotic and abiotic. Any asymmetry must be justified by means of a macroscopic argument, which (at this stage of our study) seems unjustified. A recent analysis of real network ecosystems has shown, on the other hand, that the random-graph approach used by May 8 seems totally justified [see D. Kenny and G. Loehle, Ecology 72, 1794 (1991)].
-
(1991)
Ecology
, vol.72
, pp. 1794
-
-
Kenny, D.1
Loehle, G.2
-
29
-
-
0003984973
-
-
Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA, edited by P. W. Anderson K. J. Arrow, and D. Pines
-
The Economy as an Evolving Complex System, edited by P. W. Anderson, K. J. Arrow, and D. Pines (Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA, 1988).
-
(1988)
The Economy as an Evolving Complex System
-
-
-
30
-
-
85037214317
-
-
(unpublished). These authors explored the theoretical implications of an international market system by means of strongly coupled local markets
-
T. Hogg, B. A. Huberman, and M. Youssefmir (unpublished). These authors explored the theoretical implications of an international market system by means of strongly coupled local markets.
-
-
-
Hogg, T.1
Huberman, B.A.2
Youssefmir, M.3
-
31
-
-
0000808210
-
-
This observation was first reported by Huberman in his studies about cooperations and dynamics with expectations in simple economic models. See, for example, J. Kephart, T. Hogg and B. Huberman, Phys. Rev. A 40, 404 (1989).
-
(1989)
Phys. Rev. A
, vol.40
, pp. 404
-
-
Kephart, J.1
Hogg, T.2
Huberman, B.3
|