Anthrax kills wild chimpanzees in a tropical rainforest

Nature

Volumn 430, Issue 6998, 2004, Pages 451-452

  Leendertz, Fabian H ^a,b,c   Ellerbrok, Heinz ^b   Boesch, Christophe ^a   Couacy Hymann, Emmanuel ^d   Mätz Rensing, Kerstin ^e   Hakenbeck, Regine ^f   Bergmann, Carina ^f   Abaza, Pola ^a,b   Junglen, Sandra ^a,b   Moebius, Yasmin ^a   Vigilant, Linda ^a   Formenty, Pierre ^g   Pauli, Georg ^b  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY   (Germany)

^b ROBERT KOCH INSTITUTE   (Germany)

^c FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

^d Lanada/Lcpa ^*  (Côte d’Ivoire)

^e GERMAN PRIMATE CENTER   (Germany)

^f Rheinland Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Landau   (Germany)

^g World Health Organisation   (Côte d’Ivoire)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISEASE CONTROL; FORESTRY; HAZARDS; HEALTH;

ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT; CHIMPANZEES;

BIODIVERSITY;

INFECTIOUS DISEASE; PRIMATE; RAINFOREST; TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT;

ACUTE DISEASE; ANIMAL HUNTING; ANTHRAX; APE; ARTICLE; BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; BACTERIAL SPORE; BOVIDS; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHIMPANZEE; COTE D'IVOIRE; EPIDEMIC; FATALITY; FEVER; HEALTH HAZARD; INFECTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEPTICEMIA; SPECIES HABITAT; SURVIVAL; TROPICAL RAIN FOREST;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, WILD; ANTHRAX; BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; CAUSE OF DEATH; COTE D'IVOIRE; GENES, BACTERIAL; PAN TROGLODYTES; RAIN; TREES; TROPICAL CLIMATE;

ALOCASIA MACRORRHIZOS; ANIMALIA; ANTHRAX; BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BOVIDAE; MAMMALIA; PAN (APE); PAN TROGLODYTES; PAN TROGLODYTES VERUS; POSIBACTERIA; PRIMATES; TROGLODYTES;

EID: 3342910552     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature02722     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Wolfe, N. D. et al. Wild primate populations in emerging infectious disease research: The missing link? Emerg. Infect. Dis. 4, 149-158 (1998).
2. Ferber, D. Human diseases threaten great apes. Science 289, 1277-1278 (2000).
3. Walsh, P. D. et al. Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa. Nature 422, 611-614 (2003).
4. Smith, K. L. et al. Bacillus anthracis diversity in Kruger National Park. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38, 3780-3784 (2000).
5. Turnbull, P. C. B., Doganay, M., Lindeque, P. M., Aygen, B. & McLaughlin, J. Serology and anthrax in humans, livestock and Etosha National Park wildlife. Epidemiol. Infect. 108, 299-313 (1992).
6. Sirisanthana, T. & Brown, A. E. Anthrax of the gastrointestinal tract. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8, 649-651 (2002).
7. Beatty, M. E., Ashford, D. A., Griffin, P. M., Tauxe, R. V. & Sobel, J. Gastrointestinal anthrax: review of the literature. Arch. Intern. Med. 163, 2527-2531 (2003).
8. Hill, K., Boesch, C., Goodall, J., Pusey, A., Williams, J. & Wrangham, R. Mortality rates among wild chimpanzees. J. Hum. Evol. 40, 437-450 (2001).
9. Leroy, E. M. et al. Multiple Ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of central African wildlife. Science 303, 387-390 (2004).
10. Formenty, P. et al. Ebola virus outbreak among wild chimpanzees living in a rain forest of Côte d'Ivoire. J. Infect. Dis. 179 (Suppl. 1), 120-126 (1999).
11. Boesch, C. & Boesch-Achermann, H. The Chimpanzees of the Taï Forest: Behavioural Ecology and Evolution (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2000).
12. Ellerbrok, H. et al. Rapid and sensitive identification of pathogenic and apathogenic Bacillus anthracis by real-time PCR. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 214, 51-59 (2002).
13. Andersen, G. L., Simchock, J. M. & Wilson, K. H. Identification of a region of genetic variability among Bacillus anthracis strains and related species. J. Bacteriol. 178, 377-384 (1996).
14. Jackson, P. J. et al. Characterisation of the variable-number tandem repeats in vrrA from different Bacillus anthracis isolates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 1400-1405 (1997).
15. Keim, P. et al. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis reveals genetic relationships within Bacillus anthracis. J. Bacteriol. 182, 2928-2936 (2000).
16. Vasconcelos, D. et al. Pathology of inhalation anthrax in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Lab. Invest. 83, 1201-1209 (2003).
17. Boutin, J. P., Debonne, J. M. & Rey, J. L. Apparition du charbon humain en forêt Ivoirienne. Méd. Tropicale 45, 79-81 (1985).
18. Leendertz, F. H. et al. High variety of different STLV-1 strains in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. J. Virol. 78, 4352-4356 (2004).
19. Bailes, E. et al. Hybrid origin of SIV in chimpanzees. Science 300, 1713 (2003).
20. Hahn, B., Shaw, G. M., De Cock, K. M. & Sharp, P. M. AIDS as a zoonosis: scientific and public health implications. Science 287, 607-614 (2000).
21. Vigilant, L., Hofreiter, M., Siedel, H. & Boesch, C. Paternity and relatedness in wild chimpanzee communities. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 12890-12895 (2001).
22. Drosten, C. et al. Rapid detection and quantification of RNA of Ebola and Marburg viruses, Lassa virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40, 2323-2330 (2002).