The effect of conjugated equine oestrogen on diabetes incidence: The Women's Health Initiative randomised trial

Diabetologia

Volumn 49, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 459-468

  Bonds, D E ^a   Lasser, N ^b   Qi, L ^c   Brzyski, R ^d   Caan, B ^e   Heiss, G ^f   Limacher, M C ^g   Liu, J H ^h,i   Mason, E ^j   Oberman, A ^k   O'Sullivan, M J ^l   Phillips, L S ^m   Prineas, R J ^a   Tinker, L ^c  

^a WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b RUTGERS NEW JERSEY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^e KAISER PERMANENTE   (United States)

^f IL   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS OF CLEVELAND   (United States)

ⁱ CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^j Jr Hospital of Cook County   (United States)

^k UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^l UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^m EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Conjugated equine oestrogen; Diabetes mellitus; Postmenopausal; Randomised double masked trial

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; GLUCOSE; INSULIN; LIPOPROTEIN; ORAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; PLACEBO;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET RESTRICTION; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; HYSTERECTOMY; INCIDENCE; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN TREATMENT; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEASUREMENT; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZATION; SAMPLE; SELF REPORT; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

AGED; ANIMALS; DIABETES MELLITUS; ESTROGENS, CONJUGATED (USP); FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEALTH; HORSES; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MIDDLE AGED;

EID: 33244469258     PISSN: 0012186X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-0096-0     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Kanaya AM, Herrington D, Vittinghoff E et al (2003) Glycemic effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy: the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 138:1-9
2. Margolis KL, Bonds DE, Rodabough RJ et al (2004) Effect of oestrogen plus progestin on the incidence of diabetes in postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative Hormone Trial. Diabetologia 47:1175-1187
3. Kim C, Seidel KW, Begier EA, Kwok YS (2001) Diabetes and depot medroxyprogesterone contraception in Navajo women. Arch Intern Med 161:1766-1771
4. Kahn HS, Curtis KM, Marchbanks PA (2003) Effects of injectable or implantable progestin-only contraceptives on insulin-glucose metabolism and diabetes risk. Diabetes Care 26:216-225
5. Manson JE, Rimm EB, Colditz GA et al (1992) A prospective study of postmenopausal estrogen therapy and subsequent incidence of non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann Epidemiol 2:665-673
6. Rossi R, Origliani G, Modena MG (2004) Transdermal 17-beta-estradiol and risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a population of healthy, nonobese postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care 27:645-649
7. Anon (1998) Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. The Women's Health Initiative Study Group. Control Clin Trials 19:61-109
8. Hays J, Hunt JR, Hubbell FA et al (2003) The Women's Health Initiative recruitment methods and results. Ann Epidemiol 13:S18-S77
9. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR et al (2004) Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 291:1701-1712
10. Curb JD, McTiernan A, Heckbert SR et al (2003) Outcomes ascertainment and adjudication methods in the Women's Health Initiative. Ann Epidemiol 13:S122-S128
11. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL et al (2002) Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288:321-333
12. Anderson GL, Manson J, Wallace R et al (2003) Implementation of the Women's Health Initiative study design. Ann Epidemiol 13:S5-S17
13. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS et al (1985) Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28:412-419
14. Espeland MA, Hogan PE, Fineberg SE et al (1998) Effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy on glucose and insulin concentrations. PEPI Investigators. Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions. Diabetes Care 21:1589-1595
15. Cagnacci A, Soldani R, Carriero PL et al (1992) Effects of low doses of transdermal 17 beta-estradiol on carbohydrate metabolism in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 74:1396-1400
16. Zegura B, Keber I, Sebestjen M, Koenig W (2003) Double blind, randomized study of estradiol replacement therapy on markers of inflammation, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Atherosclerosis 168:123-129
17. Triusu RJ, Cowie CC, Harris MI (2000) Hormone replacement therapy and glucose metabolism. Obstet Gynecol 96:665-670
18. Nabulsi AA, Folsom AR, White A et al (1993) Association of hormone-replacement therapy with various cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 328:1069-1075
19. Sutter-Dub MT (2002) Rapid non-genomic and genomic responses to progestogens, estrogens, and glucocorticoids in the endocrine pancreatic B cell, the adipocyte and other cell types. Steroids 67:77-93
20. Nadal A, Ropero AB, Fuentes E, Soria B, Ripoll C (2004) Estrogen and xenoestrogen actions on endocrine pancreas: from ion channel modulation to activation of nuclear function. Steroids 69:531-536
21. Sandoval DA, Ertl AC, Richardson MA, Tate DB, Davis SN (2003) Estrogen blunts neuroendocrine and metabolic responses to hypoglycemia. Diabetes 52:1749-1755
22. Matute ML, Kalkhoff RK (1973) Sex steroid influence on hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucogen formation. Endocrinology 92:762-768
23. Borthwick EB, Houston MP, Coughtrie MW, Burchell A (2001) The antihyperglycemic effect of estrone sulfate in genetically obese-diabetic (ob/ob) mice is associated with reduced hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase. Horm Metab Res 33:721-726
24. Zegura B, Keber I, Sebestjen M, Borko E (2003) Orally and transdermally replaced estradiol improves endothelial function equally in middle-aged women after surgical menopause. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188:1291-1296
25. Vehkavaara S, Hakala-Ala-Pietila T, Virkamaki A et al (2000) Differential effects of oral and transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on endothelial function in postmenopausal women. Circulation 102:2687-2693
26. Spellacy WN, Buhi WC, Birk SA (1976) The effects of norgestrel on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism over one year. Am J Obstet Gynecol 125:984-986
27. Smit J, Botha J, McFadyen L, Beksinska M (2004) Serum medroxyprogesterone acetate levels in new and repeat users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate at the end of the dosing interval. Contraception 69:3-7
28. Jarvinen A, Kainulainen P, Nissila M, Nikkanen H, Kela M (2004) Pharmacokinetics of estradiol valerate and medroxyprogesterone acetate in different age groups of postmenopausal women. Maturitas 47:209-217
29. Stefanick ML, Cochrane BB, Hsia J et al (2003) The Women's Health Initiative postmenopausal hormone trials: overview and baseline characteristics of participants. Ann Epidemiol 13:S78-S86
30. Kaye SA, Folsom AR, Sprafka JM, Prineas RJ, Wallace RB (1991) Increased incidence of diabetes mellitus in relation to abdominal adiposity in older women. J Clin Epidemiol 44:329-334
31. Kehoe R, Wu SY, Leske MC, Chylack LT Jr (1994) Comparing self-reported and physician-reported medical history. Am J Epidemiol 139:813-818
32. Midthjell K, Holmen J, Bjorndal A, Lund-Larsen G (1992) Is questionnaire information valid in the study of a chronic disease such as diabetes? The Nord-Trondelag diabetes study. J Epidemiol Community Health 46:537-542
33. Tretli S, Lund-Larsen PG, Foss OP (1982) Reliability of questionnaire information on cardiovascular disease and diabetes: cardiovascular disease study in Finnmark county. J Epidemiol Community Health 36:269-273
34. Kriegsman DM, Penninx BW, van Eijk JT, Boeke AJ, Deeg DJ (1996) Self-reports and general practitioner information on the presence of chronic diseases in community dwelling elderly. A study on the accuracy of patients' self-reports and on determinants of inaccuracy. J Clin Epidemiol 49:1407-1417