The link between acculturation disparity and conflict among Chinese Canadian immigrant mother-adolescent dyads

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 191-211

  Tardif, Christine Y ^a   Geva, Esther ^b,c  

^a BROCK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c Canadian Language and Literacy Research Network   (Canada)

Author keywords

Acculturation disparity; Chinese Canadian immigrant families; Cross cultural processes; Intracultural processes; Mother adolescent conflict; Parent child relationships

Indexed keywords

EID: 32944469065     PISSN: 00220221     EISSN: 15525422     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022022105284496     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. Azar, B. (1999). Wider path to cultural understanding. Monitor on Psychology, 30. Retrieved August 13, 2002, from http://www.apa.org/monitor/ mar99/multi.html
2. Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46, 5-34.
3. Berry, J. W. (2003). Conceptual approaches to acculturation. In K. M. Chun, P. B. Organista, & G. Marin (Eds.), Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research (pp. 17-37). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
4. Blishen, B. R., Carroll, W. K., & Moore, C. (1987). The 1981 socioeconomic index for occupations in Canada. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 24, 465-488.
5. Boatswain, S. J., & Lalonde, R. N. (2000). Social identity and preferred ethnic/racial labels for Blacks in Canada. Journal of Black Psychology, 26, 216-234.
6. Bond, M. H., & Wang, S. (1983). China: Aggressive behavior and the problems of maintaining order and harmony. In A. P. Goldstein & M. H. Segall (Eds.), Aggression in global perspective (pp. 58-74). New York: Pergamon.
7. Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 185-216.
8. Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. In W. J. Lonner & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Field methods in cross-cultural research (pp. 137-164). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
9. Buchanan, R. M. (2001). The acculturation gap hypothesis: Implications for the family adjustment of Russian immigrants. Dissertation Abstracts International, 61 (8). 447B - 447B. (UMI No. AAI9982789)
10. Buki, L. P., Ma, T., Strom, R. D., & Strom, S. K. (2003). Chinese immigrant mothers of adolescents: Selfperception of acculturation effects on parenting. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9, 127-140.
11. Bukowski, W. M., & Sippola, L. K. (1998). Diversity and the social mind: Goals, constructs, culture, and development. Developmental Psychology, 34, 742-746.
12. Cameron, J. E., & Lalonde, R. N. (2001). Social identification and gender-related ideology in women and men. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 59-77.
13. Cameron, J. E., Sato, T., Lalonde, R. N., & Lay, C. (1997, June). Developing a multidimensional measure of ethnic identity. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Psychological Association, Toronto, Canada.
14. Campbell, D. T. (1986). Science's social system of validity-enhancing collective belief change and the problems of the social sciences. In D. W. Fiske & R. A. Shweder (Eds.), Metatheory in social science (pp. 108-135). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
15. Chao, R. (2000). Cultural explanations for the role of parenting in the school success of Asian American children. In R. D. Taylor & M. C. Wang (Eds.), Resilience across contexts: Family work, culture, and community (pp. 333-363). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
16. Chao, R. (2001). Extending research on the consequence of parenting styles for Chinese Americans and European Americans. Child Development, 72, 1832-1843.
17. Chao, R., & Tseng, V. (2002). Parenting of Asians. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Social conditions and applied parenting (Vol. 4, 2nd ed., pp. 59-93). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
18. Chen, X. (1998). The changing Chinese family: Resources, parenting practices, and children's socioemotional problems. In U. P. Gielen & A. L. Comunian (Eds.), The family and family therapy in international perspective (pp. 150-167). Trieste, Italy: Edizioni LINT.
19. Cheung, F. M. (1996). Gender role development. In S. Lau (Ed.), Growing up the Chinese way: Chinese child and adolescent development (pp. 45-67). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.
20. Cheung, K. M. (1996). Cultural adjustment and differential acculturation among Chinese new immigrant families in the United States. In S. Lau (Ed.), Growing up the Chinese way: Chinese child and adolescent development (pp. 321-355). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.
21. Cooper, C. (1988). Commentary: The role of conflict in adolescent-parent relationships. In M. Gunnar (Ed.), 21st Minnesota symposium on child psychology (pp. 181-187). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
22. Costigan, C. L., Chia, A. L., & Dokis, D. (2002, August). Acculturation, parenting and adjustment in immigrant Chinese families. Poster presented at the 2002 meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development, Ottawa, Canada.
23. Costigan, C. & Su, T. (2004). Orthogonal versus linear models of acculturation among immigrant Chinese Canadians: A comparison of mothers, fathers, and children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 518-527.
24. Dinh, K. T., Sarason, B. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1994). Parent-child relationships in Vietnamese immigrant families. Journal of Family Psychology, 8, 471-488.
25. Farver, J. M., Narang, S. K., & Bhadha, B. R. (2002). East meets west: Ethnic identity, acculturation, and conflict in Asian Indian families. Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 338-350.
26. Fogel, A. (2000). Developmental pathways in close relationships. Child Development, 71, 1150-1151.
27. Foster, S. L., Prinz, R. J., & O'Leary, K. D. (1983). Impact of problem-solving communication training and generalization procedures on family conflict. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 5, 1-23.
28. Foster, S. L., & Robin, A. L. (1988). Family conflict and communication in adolescence. In E. J. Mash & L. G. Terdal (Eds.), Behavioral assessment of childhood disorders (pp. 717-775). New York: Guilford.
29. Fu, M. (2002). Acculturation, ethnic identity, and family conflict among first- and second-generation Chinese Americans. Dissertation Abstracts International, 63 (2). 1024B - 1024B. (UMI No. AAI3043465)
30. Fuligni, A. J. (1998). Authority, autonomy, and parent-adolescent conflict and cohesion: A study of adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, Filipino, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 34, 782-792.
31. Fuligni, A. J., Tseng, V., & Lam, M. (1999). Attitudes toward family obligations among American adolescents with Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds. Child Development, 70, 1030-1044.
32. Geva, E., Barsky, A., & Westernoff, F. (2000). Developing a framework for interprofessional and diversityinformed practice. In E. Geva, A. Barsky, & F. Westernoff (Eds.), Interprofessional practice with diverse populations (pp. 1-28). London: Auburn House.
33. Gim Chung, R. H. (2001). Gender, ethnicity, and acculturation in intergenerational conflict of Asian American college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 7, 376-386.
34. Goodnow, J. (2002). Adding culture to studies of development: Toward changes in procedure and theory. Human Development, 45, 237-245.
35. Hastings, P. D., & Grusec, J. E. (1998). Parenting goals as organizers of responses to parent-child disagreement. Developmental Psychology, 34, 465-479.
36. Hill, J. P., & Holmbeck, G. N. (1986). Attachment and autonomy during adolescence. In G. J. Whitehurst (Ed.), Annals of child development: A research annal (Vol. 3, pp. 145-189). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
37. Ho, D. Y. F. (1986). Chinese pattern of socialization: A critical review. In M. H. Bond (Ed.), The psychology of the Chinese people (pp. 1-37). New York: Oxford University Press.
38. Ho, D. Y. F. (1987). Fatherhood in Chinese culture. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The fathers' role: Cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 227-245). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
39. Ho, D. Y. F. (1989). Continuity and variation in Chinese patterns of socialization. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 149-163.
40. Holmbeck, G. N. (1996). A model of family relational transformations during the transition to adolescence: Parent-adolescent conflict and adaptation. In J. A. Graber, J. Brooks-Gunn, & A. C. Petersen (Eds.), Transitions through adolescence: Interpersonal domains and context (pp. 167-199). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
41. Kagitcibasi, C. (1989). Family and socialization in cross-cultural perspective: A model of change. In R. A. Dienstbier & J. J. Berman (Eds.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 135-200). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
42. Kagitcibasi, C. (1996). Development in context. In C. Kagitcibasi (Ed.), Family and human development across cultures: A view from the other side (pp. 19-34). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
43. Kim, U., & Choi, S. H. (1994). Individualism, collectivism, and child development: A Korean perspective. In P. M. Greenfield & R. R. Cocking (Eds.), Cross-cultural roots of minority child development (pp. 227-257). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
44. Lalonde, R. N., & Cameron, J. E. (1993). An intergroup perspective on immigrant acculturation with a focus on collective strategies. International Journal of Psychology, 28, 57-74.
45. Laursen, B., & Collins, W. A. (1994). Interpersonal conflict during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 197-209.
46. Laursen, B., Coy, K. C., & Collins, W. A. (1998). Reconsidering changes in parent-child conflict across adolescence: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 69, 817-832.
47. Lazarus, R. S. (1997). Acculturation isn't everything. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46, 39-43.
48. Lee, R. M., Choe, J., Kim, G., & Ngo, V. (2000). Construction of the Asian American Family Conflicts Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 211-222.
49. Lin, C. Y. C., & Fu, V. R. (1990). A comparison of child-rearing practices among Chinese, immigrant Chinese, and Caucasian American parents. Child Development, 61, 429-433.
50. Lue, L. J., & Malony, H. N. (1983, April). Validation of two measures of acculturation for Chinese Americans. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, San Francisco.
51. Mills, R. S. L., & Rubin, K. H. (1990). Parental beliefs about problematic social behaviors in early childhood. Child Development, 61, 138-151.
52. Min, P. (1998). Changes and conflicts: Korean immigrant families in New York. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
53. Minturn, L., & Lambert, W. W. (1964). Mothers of six cultures: Antecedents of child rearing. New York: Wiley.
54. Montemayor, R. (1982). The relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and the amount of time adolescents spend with parents, peers, and alone. Child Development, 53, 1512-1519.
55. Montemayor, R. (1983). Parents and adolescents in conflict: All families some of the time and some families most of the time. Journal of Early Adolescence, 3, 83-103.
56. Montemayor, R. (1986). Family variation in parent-adolescent storm and stress. Journal of Adolescent Research, 11, 15-31.
57. Prinz, R. J., Foster, S. L., Kent, R. N., & O'Leary, K. D. (1979). Multivariate assessment of conflict in distressed and nondistressed mother-adolescent dyads. Journal of Applied Behavior Analsysis, 12, 593-609.
58. Robin, A. L. (1981). A controlled evaluation of problem-solving communication training with parent-adolescent conflict. Behavior Therapy, 12, 593-609.
59. Robin, A. L., & Foster, S. L. (1989). Negotiating parent-adolescent conflict: A behavioral family systems approach. New York: Guilford.
60. Rosenthal, D. A. (1984). Intergenerational conflict and culture: A study of immigrant and nonimmigrant adolescents and their parents. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 109, 53-75.
61. Rudy, D., & Grusec, J. E. (1999). Implications of cross-cultural findings for a theory of family socialization. Journal of Moral Education, 28, 299-310.
62. Rudy, D., & Grusec, J. E. (2001). Correlates of authoritarian parenting in individualist and collectivist cultures and implications for understanding the transmission of values. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 202-212.
63. Schneider, B. H. (1998). Cross-cultural comparison as doorkeeper in research on the social and emotional adjustment of children and adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 34, 793-797.
64. Smetana, J. G. (1988). Concepts of self and social convention: Adolescents' and parents' reasoning about hypothetical and actual family conflicts. In M. R. Gunnar & W. A. Collins (Eds.), Minnesota symposia on child psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 79-122). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
65. Smetana, J. G. (1989). Adolescents' and parents' reasoning about actual family conflict. Child Development, 60, 1052-1067.
66. Smetana, J. G. (1995a). Conflict and coordination in adolescent-parent relationships. In S. Shulman (Ed), Close relationships and socioemotional development: Human development (Vol. 7, pp. 155-184). Westport, CT: Ablex.
67. Smetana, J. G. (1995b). Context, conflict, and constraint in adolescent-parent authority relationships. In. M. Killen & D. Hart (Eds.), Morality in everyday life (pp. 225-255). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
68. Smetana, J. G. (1995c). Parenting styles and conceptions of parental authority during adolescence. Child Development, 66, 299-316.
69. Smetana, J. G. (2000). Middle-class African American adolescents' and parents' conceptions of parental authority and parenting practices: A longitudinal investigation. Child Development, 71, 1672-1686.
70. Smetana, J. G., & Asquith, P. (1994). Adolescents' and parents' conceptions of parental authority and personal autonomy. Child Development, 65, 1147-1162.
71. Smetana, J. G., & Gaines, C. (1999). Adolescent-parent conflict in middle-class African American families. Child Development, 70, 1447-1463.
72. Statistics Canada. (2003). Immigrant population by place of birth, by census metropolitan areas (1996 census). Retrieved December 5, 2004, from http://www.statcan.ca/english/Pgdb/demo24a.htm
73. Steinberg, L., & Silk, J. S. (2002). Parenting adolescents. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Child and parenting (Vol. 1, 2nd ed., pp. 103-133). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
74. Stevenson-Hinde, J. (1998). Parenting in different cultures: Time to focus. Developmental Psychology, 34, 698-700.
75. Storer, D. (1985). Ethnic family values in Australia. Sydney, Australia: Prentice Hall.
76. Sue, S. (1996). Measurement, testing, and ethnic bias: Can solutions be found? In G. R. Sodowsky & J. C. Impara (Eds.), Multicultural assessment in counseling and clinical psychology (pp. 7-36). Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurements.
77. Sue, S. (1998). In search of cultural competence in psychotherapy and counseling. American Psychologist, 53, 440-448.
78. Suzuki, B. H. (1980). The Asian American family. In M. D. Fantini & R. Cardenas (Eds.), Parenting in a multicultural society (pp. 74-102). New York: Longman.
79. Szapocznik, J., Kurtines, W. M., & Fernandez, T. (1980). Bicultural involvement and adjustment in Hispanic American youths. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 4, 353-365.
80. Szapocznik, J., Scopetta, M. A., Kurtines, W., & Aranalde, M. (1978). Theory and measurement of acculturation. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 12, 113-130.
81. Ting-Toomey, S. (1988). Intercultural conflict styles: A face-negotiation theory. In Y. Y. Kim & W. B. Gudykunst (Eds.), Theories in interpersonal communication (pp. 213-238). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
82. Tsai, J. L., & Levenson, R. W. (1997). Cultural influences of emotional responding: Chinese American and European American dating couples during interpersonal conflict. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 600-625.
83. Wong, S. K. (1999). Acculturation, peer relations, and delinquent behavior of Chinese Canadian youth. Adolescence, 34, 107-119.
84. Yau, J., & Smetana, J. G. (1993). Chinese American adolescents' reasoning about cultural conflicts. Journal of Adolescent Research, 8, 419-438.
85. Yau, J., & Smetana, J. G. (1996). Adolescent-parent conflict among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Child Development, 67, 1262-1275.
86. Yokota-Adachi, H. (1999). Beliefs concerning school and learning: A multicultural perspective. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, Canada.
87. Zhou, M., & Bankston, C. (1998). Growing up American: How Vietnamese children adapt to life in the United States. New York: Russell Sage.