Monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance: The transition from mgus to myeloma

Multiple Myeloma and Related Disorders

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 369-378

  Lust, John A ^a   Donovan, Kathleen A ^b   Greipp, Philip R ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 32644482643     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (84)

1. Kyle RA, Lust JA. Monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance, Semin Hematol 1989; 26:176–200.
2. Greipp PR, Lust JA. Pathogenetic relation between monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma, Stem Cells 1995; 13: 10–21.
3. Kyle RA, Beard CM, O’Fallon WM, Kurland LT. Incidence of multiple myeloma in Olmsted County, Minnesota: 1978 through 1990, with a review of the trend since 1945, J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 1577–83.
4. Kyle RA. ‘Benign’ monoclonal gammopathy–after 20 to 35 years of follow-up, Mayo Clinic Proc 1993; 68: 26–36.
5. Kyle RA, Greipp PR. Smoldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 1980; 302:1347–9.
6. Katzmann JA, Clark RJ, Abraham RS, Bryant S, Lymp JF, Bradwell AR, et al. Serum reference intervals and diagnostic ranges for free kappa and free lambda immunoglobulin light chains: relative sensitivity for detection of monoclonal light chains. Clin Chem 2002; 48:1437–44.
7. Kyle RA, Therneau TM, Rajkumar SV, Offord JR, Larson DR, Plevak MF, et al. A long-term study of prognosis in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 564–9.
8. Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV. Monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance. Hematol Oncol Clinics North Am 1999; 13: 1181–202.
9. Dimopoulos MA, Moulopoulos A, Smith T, Delasalle KB, Alexanian R. Risk of disease progression in asymptomatic multiple myeloma. Am J Med 1993; 94: 57–61.
10. Facon T, Menard JF, Michaux JL, Euller-Ziegler L, Bernard JF, Grosbois B, et al. Prognostic factors in low tumour mass asymptomatic multiple myeloma: a report on 91 patients. The Groupe d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Myelome (GERM). Am J Hematol 1995; 48:71–5.
11. Wisloff F, Andersen P, Andersson TR, Brandt E, Eika C, Fjaestad K, et al. Incidence and follow-up of asymptomatic multiple myeloma. The myeloma project of health region I in Norway. II. Eur J Haematol 1991; 47: 338–41.
12. Weber DM, Dimopoulos MA, Moulopoulos LA, Delasalle KB, Smith T, Alexanian R. Prognostic features of asymptomatic multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 1997; 97:810–4.
13. Fonseca R, Coignet LJ, Dewald GW. Cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1999; 13: 1169–80, viii.
14. Hallek M, Bergsagel PL, Anderson KC. Multiple myeloma: increasing evidence for a multistep transformation process. Blood 1998; 91:3–21.
15. Drach J, Schuster J, Nowotny H, Angerler J, Rosenthal F, Fiegl M, et al. Multiple myeloma: high incidence of chromosomal aneuploidy as detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 3854–9.
16. Flactif M, Zandecki M, Lai JL, Bernardi F, Obein V, Bauters F, et al. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as a powerful tool for the detection of aneuploidy in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 1995; 9: 2109–14.
17. Dalton WS, Bergsagel PL, Kuehl WM, Anderson KC, Harousseau JL. Multiple myeloma. Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2001: 157–177.
18. Drach J, Angerler J, Schuster J, Rothermundt C, Thalhammer R, Haas OA, et al. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization identifies chromosomal abnormalities in plasma cells from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Blood 1995; 86:3915–21.
19. Avet-Loiseau H, Facon T, Daviet A, Godon C, Rapp MJ, Harousseau JL, Grosbois B, et al. 14q32 translocations and monosomy 13 observed in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance delineate a multistep process for the oncogenesis of multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome. Cancer Res 1999; 59:4546–50.
20. Fonseca R, Ahmann GJ, Jalal SM, Dewald GW, Larson DR, Therneau TM, et al. Chromosomal abnormalities in systemic amyloidosis. Br J Haematol 1998; 103: 704–10.
21. Zojer N, Konigsberg R, Ackermann J, Fritz E, Dallinger S, Kromer E, et al. Deletion of 13q14 remains an independent adverse prognostic variable in multiple myeloma despite its frequent detection by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. Blood 2000; 95: 1925–30.
22. Facon T, Avet-Loiseau H, Guillerm G, Moreau P, Genevieve F, Zandecki M, et al. and Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome. Chromosome 13 abnormalities identified by FISH analysis and serum beta2-microglobulin produce a powerful myeloma staging system for patients receiving high-dose therapy. Blood 2001; 97:1566–71.
23. Fonseca R, Oken MM, Harrington D, Bailey RJ, Van Wier SA, Henderson KJ, et al. Deletions of chromosome 13 in multiple myeloma identified by interphase FISH usually denote large deletions of the q arm or monosomy. Leukemia 2001; 15:981–6.
24. Shaughnessy J, Barlogie B. Chromosome 13 deletion in myeloma. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999; 246:199–203.
25. Avet-Loiseau H, Li JY, Morineau N, Facon T, Brigaudeau C, Harousseau JL, et al. Monosomy 13 is associated with the transition of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome. Blood 1999; 94:2583–9.
26. Konigsberg R, Ackermann J, Kaufmann H, Zojer N, Urbauer E, Kromer E, et al. Deletions of chromosome 13q in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, Leukemia 2000; 14:1975–9.
27. Bergsagel PL, Nardini E, Brents, L, Chesi, M, Kuehl WM. IgH translocations in multiple myeloma: a nearly universal event that rarely involves c-myc. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1997; 224:283–7.
28. Chesi M, Kuehl WM, Bergsagel PL. Recurrent immunoglobulin gene translocations identify distinct molecular subtypes of myeloma. Ann Oncol 2000; 11:131–5.
29. Bergsagel PL, Chesi M, Nardini E, Brents LA, Kirby SL, Kuehl WM. Promiscuous translocations into immunoglobulin heavy chain switch regions in multiple myeloma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:13931–6.
30. Chesi M, Nardini E, Brents LA, Schrock E, Ried T, Kuehl WM, et al. Frequent translocation t(4;14)(p16.3;q32.3) in multiple myeloma is associated with increased expression and activating mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Nat Genet 1997; 16:260–4.
31. Liu P, Leong T, Quam L, Billadeau D, Kay NE, Greipp P, Kyle RA, et al. Activating mutations of N-and K-ras in multiple myeloma show different clinical associations:analysis of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Phase III Trial. Blood 1996; 88:2699–706.
32. Bezieau S, Devilder MC, Avet-Loiseau H, Mellerin MP, Puthier D, Pennanin E, et al. High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis. Hum Mutat 2001; 18:212–24.
33. Zhan F, Hardin J, Kordsmeier B, Bumm K, Zheng M, Tian E, et al. Global gene expression profiling of multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and normal bone marrow plasma cells. Blood 2002; 99: 1745–57.
34. Davies FE, Dring AM, Li C, Rawstron AC, Shammas M, Hideshima T, et al. The molecular basis of the transition of MGUS to multiple myeloma. Blood 2002; 100:102a.
35. Greipp PR, Witzig TE, Gonchoroff NJ, Habermann TM, Katzmann JA, O’Fallon WM, et al. Immunofluorescence labeling indices in myeloma and related monoclonal gammopathies. Mayo Clin Proc 1987; 62:969–77.
36. Witzig TE, Gonchoroff NJ, Katzmann JA, Therneau TM, Kyle RA, Greipp PR. Peripheral blood B cell labeling indices are a measure of disease activity in patients with monoclonal gammopathies. J Clin Oncol 1988; 6:1041–6.
37. Witzig TE, Kyle RA, Greipp PR. Circulating peripheral blood plasma cells in multiple myeloma. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1992; 182:195–9.
38. Witzig TE, Kyle RA, O’Fallon WM, Greipp PR. Detection of peripheral blood plasma cells as a predictor of disease course in patients with smouldering multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 1994; 87:266–72.
39. Folkman J. Angiogenesis-dependent diseases. Semin Oncol 2001; 28:536–42.
40. Rajkumar SV, Kyle RA. Angiogenesis in multiple myeloma. Semin Oncol 2001; 28:560–4.
41. Dankbar B, Padro T, Leo R, Feldmann B, Kropff M, Mesters RM, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 in paracrine tumor-stromal cell interactions in multiple myeloma. Blood 2000; 95:2630–6.
42. Rajkumar SV, Witzig TE. A review of angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapy with thalidomide in multiple myeloma. Cancer Treat Rev 2000; 26:351–62.
43. Rajkumar SV, Fonseca R, Witzig TE, Gertz MA, Greipp PR. Bone marrow angiogenesis in patients achieving complete response after stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Leukemia 1999; 13:469–72.
44. Rajkumar SV, Leong T, Roche PC, Fonseca R, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, et al. Prognostic value of bone marrow angiogenesis in multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:3111–16.
45. Rajkumar SV, Greipp PR. Angiogenesis in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2001; 113:565.
46. Rajkumar SV, Mesa RA, Fonseca R, Schroeder, G, Plevak MF, Dispenzieri A, et al. Bone marrow angiogenesis in 400 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, and primary amyloidosis. Clin Cancer Res 2002; 8:2210–6.
47. Vacca A, Ribatti D, Roncali L, Ranieri G, Serio G, Silvestris F, et al. Bone marrow angiogenesis and progression in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 1994; 87:503–8.
48. Greipp PR, Lust JA, O’Fallon WM, Katzmann JA, Witzig TE, Kyle RA. Plasma cell labeling index and beta 2-microglobulin predict survival independent of thymidine kinase and C-reactive protein in multiple myeloma. Blood 1993; 81: 3382–7.
49. Kawano M, Hirano T, Matsuda T, Taga T, Horii Y, Iwato K, et al. Autocrine generation and requirement of BSF-2/IL-6 for human multiple myelomas. Nature 1988; 332:83–5.
50. Schwab G, Siegall CB, Aarden LA, Neckers LM, Nordan RP. Characterization of an interleukin-6-mediated autocrine growth loop in the human multiple myeloma cell line, U266. Blood 1991; 77:587–93.
51. Bataille R, Jourdan M, Zhang XG, Klein B. Serum levels of interleukin 6, a potent myeloma cell growth factor, as a reflect of disease severity in plasma cell dyscrasias. J Clin Invest 1989; 84:2008–11.
52. Zhang XG, Klein B, Bataille R. Interleukin-6 is a potent myeloma-cell growth factor in patients with aggressive multiple myeloma. Blood 1989; 74: 11–13.
53. Bataille R, Barlogie B, Lu ZY, Rossi JF, Lavabre-Bertrand T, Beck T, et al. Biologic effects of anti-interleukin-6 murine monoclonal antibody in advanced multiple myeloma. Blood 1995; 86:685–91.
54. Klein B, Zhang XG, Jourdan M, Content J, Houssiau F, Aarden L, et al. Paracrine rather than autocrine regulation of myelomacell growth and differentiation by interleukin-6. Blood 1989; 73: 517–26.
55. Portier M, Rajzbaum G, Zhang XG, Attal M, Rusalen C, Wijdenes J, et al. In vivo interleukin 6 gene expression in the tumoral environment in multiple myeloma. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:1759–62.
56. Carter A, Merchav S, Silvian-Draxler I, Tatarsky I. The role of interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in human multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 1990; 74:424–31.
57. Donovan KA, Lacy MQ, Kline MP, Ahmann GJ, Heimbach JK, Kyle RA, et al. Contrast in cytokine expression between patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance or multiple myeloma. Leukemia 1998; 12: 593–600.
58. Lacy MQ, Donovan KA, Heimbach JK, Ahmann GJ, Lust JA. Comparison of interleukin-1 beta expression by in situ hybridization in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma. Blood 1999; 93:300–5.
59. Collins T, Read MA, Neish AS, Whitley MZ, Thanos D, Maniatis T. Transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules:NF-kappa B and cytokine-inducible enhancers. FASEB J 1995; 9:899–909.
60. Dustin ML, Rothlein R, Bhan AK, Dinarello CA, Springer TA. Induction by IL 1 and interferon-gamma: tissue distribution, biochemistry, and function of a natural adherence molecule (ICAM-1). J Immunol 1986; 137:245–54.
61. Terry RW, Kwee L, Levine JF, Labow MA. Cytokine induction of an alternatively spliced murine vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) mRNA encoding a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored VCAM protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 5919–23.
62. Torcia M, Lucibello M, Vannier E, Fabiani S, Miliani A, Guidi G, et al. Modulation of osteoclast-activating factor activity of multiple myeloma bone marrow cells by different interleukin-1 inhibitors. Exp Hematol 1996; 24: 868–74.
63. Yamamoto I, Kawano M, Sone T, Iwato K, Tanaka H, Ishikawa H, et al. Production of interleukin 1 beta, a potent bone resorbing cytokine, by cultured human myeloma cells. Cancer Res 1989; 49:4242–6.
64. Shacter E, Weitzman SA. Chronic inflammation and cancer. Oncology (Huntingt) 2002; 16: 217–26, 229; discussion 230–2.
65. Correa P. Helicobacter pylori as a pathogen and carcinogen. J Physiol Pharmacol 1997; 48:19–24.
66. Choi PM, Zelig MP. Similarity of colorectal cancer in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: implications for carcinogenesis and prevention. Gut 1994; 35: 950–4.
67. Hayashi PH, Zeldis JB. Molecular biology of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Comprehens Ther 1993; 19: 188–96.
68. Pera M, Trastek VF, Pairolero PC, Cardesa A, Allen MS, Deschamps C. Barrett’s disease: pathophysiology of metaplasia and adenocarcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56: 1191–7.
69. Miwa H, Kanno H, Munakata S, Akano Y, Taniwaki M, Aozasa, K. Induction of chromosomal aberrations and growthtransformation of lymphoblastoid cell lines by inhibition of reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis with interleukin-6. Lab Invest 2000; 80: 725–34.
70. Potter M. Perspectives on the origins of multiple myeloma and plasmacytomas in mice, Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1992; 6: 211–23.
71. Potter M, Wax JS. Genetics of susceptibility to pristaneinduced plasmacytomas in BALB/cAn:reduced susceptibility in BALB/cJ with a brief description of pristane-induced arthritis. J Immunol 1981; 127: 1591–5.
72. Hilbert DM, Kopf M, Mock BA, Kohler G, Rudikoff S. Interleukin 6 is essential for in vivo development of B lineage neoplasms. J Exp Med 1995; 182: 243–8.
73. Bataille R, Robinet-Levy M, Barchechath-Flaisler F, Peres S, Aznar R, Sany J. Immunofixation improves the detection of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (M.G.U.S.) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1987; 5:259–61.
74. Eriksson M. Rheumatoid arthritis as a risk factor for multiple myeloma:a case-control study. Eur J Cancer 1993; 29A:259–63.
75. Matteson EL, Hickey AR, Maguire L, Tilson HH, Urowitz MB. Occurrence of neoplasia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis enrolled in a DMARD Registry. Rheumatoid Arthritis Azathioprine Registry Steering Committee. J Rheumatol 1991; 18:809–14.
76. Kelly C, Baird G, Foster H, Hosker H, Griffiths I. Prognostic significance of paraproteinaemia in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheumat Dis 1991; 50: 290–4.
77. Linet MS, McLaughlin JK, Harlow SD, Fraumeni JF. Family history of autoimmune disorders and cancer in multiple myeloma. Int J Epidemiol 1988; 17: 512–3.
78. Lehman TJ, Striegel KH, Onel KB. Thalidomide therapy for recalcitrant systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Pediatr 2002; 140: 125–7.
79. Scoville CD. Pilot study using the combination of methotrexate and thalidomide in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2001; 19: 360–1.
80. Wendling D, Racadot E, Wijdenes J. Treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis by anti-interleukin 6 monoclonal antibody. J Rheumatol 1993; 20:259–62.
81. Singhal S, Mehta J, Desikan R, Ayers D, Roberson P, Eddlemon P, et al. Antitumor activity of thalidomide in refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:1565–71.
82. Kyle RA. Diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma and related disorders. Prog Hematol 1986; 14:257–82.
83. Potter M, Wax JS, Anderson AO, Nordan RP. Inhibition of plasmacytoma development in BALB/c mice by indomethacin. J Exp Med 1985; 161:996–1012.
84. International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol 2003; 121:749–57.