Evaluation of spent bleaching clay from palm oil refining as an ingredient for diets of red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis sp

Journal of Applied Aquaculture

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 87-97

  Ng, Wing Keong ^a   Low, Shean Yen ^a  

^a SCHOOL OF PHYSICS   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Bentonite; Bleaching earth; Palm oil; Spent bleaching clay (SBC); Tilapia

Indexed keywords

AQUACULTURE; DIET; PERCIFORM;

OREOCHROMIS; TILAPIA;

EID: 32644461610     PISSN: 10454438     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J028v17n04_06     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Al-Zubaidy, S.S. 1992. Evaluation of spent bleaching and filtering clay-a bentonite product from palm oil refining as a potential feed ingredient in layer diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 40:13-19.
2. AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 1997. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. AOAC International, Arlington, Virginia.
3. Austreng, E. 1978. Fat-containing bleaching earth as a feed constituent for rainbow trout. Aquaculture 15:333-343.
4. Blair, R., J. Gagnon, R.E. Salmon, and M.D. Pickard. 1986. Evaluation of spent bleaching clay as a feed supplement in broiler diets. Poultry Science 65:2281-2291.
5. Duncan, D. 1955. Multiple range tests and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11:1-42.
6. Ellis, R.W., M. Clements, A. Tibbets, and R. Winfree. 2000. Reduction of the bioavailability of 20 μg/kg aflatoxin in trout feed containing clay. Aquaculture 183: 179-188.
7. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 1999. Aquaculture production statistics 1988-1997. FAO Fisheries circular No. 815, Rev. 11. FAO, Rome, Italy.
8. Garling, D.L., Jr., and R.P. Wilson. 1976. Optimum dietary protein to energy ratio for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of Nutrition 106:1368-1375.
9. Gunstone, F.D. 2001. Palm oil supplying much of the world demand for fats and oils. Inform 12:141-146.
10. Hertrampf, J.W., and F. Piedad-Pascual. 2000. Handbook on Ingredients for Aquaculture Feeds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Germany.
11. Keith, M.O., and J.M. Bell. 1986. Effects of feeding spent bleaching clay from canola oil refining to growing mice and rats. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66: 191-199.
12. Ng, W.K., and K.L. Wee. 1989. The nutritive value of cassava leaf meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia. Aquaculture 83:45-58.
13. Ng, W.K., C.N. Keembiyehetty, and R.P. Wilson. 1998. Bioavailability of niacin from feed ingredients commonly used in feeds for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Aquaculture 161:393-404.
14. Ng, W.K., P.K. Lim, and H. Sidek. 2001a. The influence of a dietary lipid source on growth, muscle fatty acid composition and erythrocyte osmotic fragility of hybrid tilapia. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 25:301-310.
15. Ng, W.K., L.P. Ang, and F.L. Liew. 2001b. An evaluation of mineral supplementation of fish meal-based diets for African catfish. Aquaculture International 9:277-282.
16. Ng, W.K., P.K. Lim, and P.L. Boey. 2003. Dietary lipid and palm oil source affects growth, fatty acid composition and muscle α-tocopherol concentration of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Aquaculture 215: 229-243.
17. Oil World. 2004. Oil World Annual 2004. ISTA Melke GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
18. Waldroup, P.W., and D.R. Ragland. 1977. Spent filter clay as a potential feed ingredient for broiler diets. Nutrition Reports International 16:249-254.
19. 1 in fish feed. Progressive Fish Culturist 54:157-162.
20. Wong, M.H. 1983. Quality of byproducts from chemical and physical refining of palm oil and other oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 60:316-321.
21. Young, F.V.K. 1987. Refining and fractionation of palm oil. Pages 39-69 in F.D. Gunstone, ed. Palm Oil: Critical Reports on Applied Chemistry, Vol. 15, John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York.