Hypothesis testing and the choice of the dose-response model

Toxicology Letters

Volumn 162, Issue 1 SPEC. ISS., 2006, Pages 98-110

  Oughton, Deborah ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES   (Norway)

Author keywords

Biological endpoint; Dose response; Linear no threshold; Modelling

Indexed keywords

CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENICITY; CONFERENCE PAPER; DOSE CALCULATION; DOSIMETRY; HEALTH HAZARD; HEREDITY; HYPOTHESIS; IONIZING RADIATION; MODEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION CARCINOGENESIS; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIATION PROTECTION; RADIATION RESPONSE; THEORY; UNCERTAINTY;

EID: 32644446389     PISSN: 03784274     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.10.011     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (67)

1. M.H. Barcellos-Hoff, and A.L. Brooks Extracellular signaling through the microenvironment: a hypothesis relating carcinogenesis - bystander effects, and genomic instability Radiat. Res. 156 2001 618 627
2. K. Becker On the low dose problem in radiation protection SSI News 1 1997 7
3. D. Black Investigation of the Possible Increased Incidence of Cancer in Cumbria 1984 Her Majesty's Stationary Office London
4. J.M. Bland Cancer in nuclear test veterans - statistical analysis inappropriate Br. Med. J. 308 1994 339
5. E.J. Calabrese, and L.A. Baldwin Toxicology rethinks its central belief Nature 421 2003 691 692
6. Caldicott, H., 1994. Nuclear Madness, revised ed., WW Norton, New York (first ed. 1978).
7. A.F. Chalmers What is This Thing Called Science second ed. 1982 OUP Milton Keynes
8. Committee on the Medical Aspects of Radioactivity in the Environment (COMARE), 1988. Investigation of the possible increased incidence of leukaemia in young people near Dounreay Nuclear Establishment, Caithness, Scotland. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
9. Committee on the Medical Aspects of Radioactivity in the Environment (COMARE), 1989. Report on the incidence of childhood cancer in the West Berkshire and North Hampshire Area, in which are situated the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston and the Royal Ordnance Factory, Burghfield. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
10. P. Cook-Mozaffari, S. Darby, and R. Doll Cancer near potential sites of nuclear installations Lancet ii 1989 1145 1147
11. A.W. Craft, L. Parker, S. Openshaw, M. Charlton, J. Newell, J.M. Birch, and V. Blair Cancer in young people in the north of England, 1968-85: analysis by census wards Epidemiol. Community Health 47 1993 109 115
12. S.C. Darby, G.M. Kendall, G.P. Fell, J.A. O'Hagan, C.R. Muirhead, J.R. Ennis, A.M. Ball, J.A. Dennis, and R. Doll A summary of mortality and incidence of cancer in men from the United Kingdom who participated in the United Kingdom's atmospheric nuclear weapons test and experimental programmes Br. Med. J. 296 1988 332 338
13. S.C. Darby, G.M. Kendall, T.P. Fell, R. Doll, A.A. Goodill, A.J. Conquest, D.A. Jackson, and R.G.E. Haylock Further follow-up of mortality and incidence of cancer in men from the United Kingdom who participated in the United Kingdom atmospheric nuclear weapon tests and experimental programs Br. Med. J. 307 1993 1530 1535
14. M. Day The Sellafield leukaemia claims Stud. Law Rev. Spring 1992 27 28
15. R. Doll The epidemiology of childhood leukaemia J. Stat. Soc. 152 1989 342 351
16. R. Doll, H.J. Evans, and S.C. Darby Parental exposure not to blame Nature 367 1994 678 680
17. G.J. Draper, R.A. Stiller, R.A. Cartwright, A.W. Craft, and T.J. Vincent Cancer in Cumbria and in the vicinity of the Sellafield nuclear installation 1963-1990 Br. Med. J. 306 1993 89 94
18. Edwards, R., 1996. Written out of history. New Scientist 2030 (14th May).
19. Føllesdal, D., Walløe, L., Elster, J., 1996. Argumentasjonsteori, Språk og Vitenskapsfilosofi, sixth ed. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo (in Norwegian).
20. L.E. Feinendegen, and M. Pollycove Biologic response to low doses of ionizing radiation: detriment versus hormesis. Part 1: dose-responses of cells and tissues J. Nucl. Med. 42 2001 17N 25N
21. M.J. Gardner, M.P. Snee, A.J. Hall, C.A. Powell, S. Downes, and J. Terrell Results of case-control study of leukaemia and lymphoma among young people near Sellafield nuclear planet in West Cumbria Br. Med. J. 300 1990 423 429
22. M.J. Gardner, A.J. Hall, M.P. Snee, S. Downes, C.A. Powell, and J. Terrell Methods and basic data of case control study of leukaemia and lymphoma among young people near Sellafield nuclear plant in West Cumbria Br. Med. J. 300 1990 429 434
23. N. Goodman Safety, strength, simplicity Philos. Sci. 28 1961 150 151
24. Health and Safety Executive, 1993. Health and Safety Executive Investigation of Leukaemia and Other Cancers in the Children of Male Workers at Sellafield. Health and Safety Executive, Sheffield.
25. T. Hinton Strong inference, science fairs and radioecology J. Environ. Radioact. 51 2000 277 279
26. S. Howarth High court claims totally unfounded BNFL News 1992 13
27. Ishimara, T., Ichimaru, M., Mikami, M., 1981. Leukaemia incidence among individuals exposed in utero, children of atomic bomb survivors and their controls. Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) Technical Report, Hiroshima, pp. 11-81.
28. Z. Jaworowski Radiation risk and ethics Phys. Today 1999 24 29
29. R. Jeffrey Valuation and acceptance of scientific hypothesis Philos. Sci. 23 1956 237 246 (paper reprinted in Jeffrey, 1992)
30. R. Jeffrey Probability and the Art of Judgement 1992 University Press Cambridge
31. M.C. Joiner, P. Larnbin, E.P. Malaise, J.E. Arrand, K.A. Skov, and B. Marples Hypersensitivity to very low single radiation doses: its relationship to the adaptive response and induced radioresistance Mutat. Res. 358 1996 171 183
32. M.C. Joiner, P. Lambin, and B. Marples Adaptive response and induced resistance Comput. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris Life Sci. 322 1999 167 175
33. 90Sr mobility in the Chernobyl 30 km exclusion zone Health Phys. 76 1999 251 259
34. L.J. Kinlen The relevance of population mixing to the aetiology of childhood cancer W.A. Crosbie J.H. Gittus Medical Response to Effects of Ionising Radiation 1989 Elsevier London 272 278
35. L.J. Kinlen Can parental preconceptional irradiation account for the increase of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Seascale Br. Med. J. 306 1993 1718 1721
36. T. Kuhn The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 1970 University of Chicago Press
37. H. Kyburg Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief 1961 Wesleyan University Press Middletown, Connecticut pp. 196-199
38. I. Lakatos Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programmes I. Lakatos A. Musgrove Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge 1970 Cambridge University Press
39. E.B. Lewis Leukaemia and ionizing radiation Science 125 1957 2355
40. Lindell, B., Malmfors, T., 1994. Comprehending radiation risks. In: Radiation and Society: Comprehending Radiation Risk, Proceedings of the International Conference, vol. 1. IAEA, Vienna, pp. 7-18.
41. J.B. Little Genomic instability and radiation J. Radiol. Prot. 23 2003 173 181
42. J.R. McLaughlin, W.D. King, T.W. Anderson, E.A. Clarke, and J.P. Ashmore Parental exposure and leukaemia in offspring: the Ontario case control study Br. Med. J. 307 1993 959 965
43. K.L. Mossman, M. Goldman, F. Masse, W.A. Mills, K.J. Schiager, and R.J. Vetter Health physics society position statement: radiation risk in perspective Health Phys. Soc. (HPS) Newslett. 14 1996 3
44. H.J. Muller Artificial transmutation of the gene Science 66 1927 84 87
45. J.V. Neel, and W.J. Schull The Children of the Atomic Bomb Survivors: A Genetic Study 1991 National Academy Press Washington
46. R. Nozick The Nature of Rationality 1993 Princeton University Press p. 139
47. R.H. Nussbaum, and W. Köhnlein Inconsistencies and open questions regarding low -dose health effects of ionising radiation Environ. Health Perspect. 102 1994 656 667
48. M.C. O'Riordan Becquerel's Legacy: A Century of Radioactivity. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 1996 Nuclear Technology Publishing Ashford, Kent
49. D.H. Oughton, B. Salbu, T.L. Brand, J.P. Day, and A. Aarkrog Under-determination of strontium-90 in soils containing particles of irradiated uranium oxide fuel Analyst 118 1993 1101 1105
50. L. Parker, A.W. Craft, J. Smith, H. Dickinson, R. Wakeford, K. Binks, D. McElveney, L. Scott, and A. Slovak The geographical distribution of preconceptual radiation doses of fathers employed at the Sellafield nuclear installation, West Cumbria Br. Med. J. 307 1993 966 971
51. H.W. Patterson Setting standards for radiation protection: the process appraised Health Phys. 72 1997 450 457
52. E. Pochin Nuclear Radiation: Risks and Benefits 1983 Oxford Science Publications, Clarendon Press Oxford
53. Popper, K., 1963. Science: Conjectures and Refutations. In: Klemke, E.D., Hollinger, R., Wÿss Rudge, D. (Eds.), Introductory Readings in the Philosophy of Science. Promtheus Books, Amherst, pp. s.38-s.47 (book published in 1998; article originally published in 1963).
54. C. Pugh, and M. Day Toxic Torts 1992 Cameron May London
55. Reay/Hope v British Nuclear Fuels plc., 1993. 1990 R No 860, 1989 H No 3689. Med. L. Rev. 1.
56. J.V. Rodricks Calculated Risks: The Toxicity and Human Health Risks of Chemicals in our Environment 1992 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
57. E. Roman, V. Beral, L. Carpenter, A. Watson, C. Barton, and H. Ryder Childhood leukaemia in relation to nuclear establishments Br. Med. J. 294 1987 597 602
58. E. Roman, A. Watson, V. Beral, S. Buckle, D. Bull, K. Baker, H. Ryder, and C. Barton Case-control study of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among children aged 0-4 years living in West Berkshire and North Hampshire health districts Br. Med. J. 306 1993 615 621
59. M. Ruse Is the theory of Punctuated Equilibrium a New Paradigm 1993 The Darwinian Paradigm Routledge, London pp. 118-145
60. I. Sheffler Science and Subjectivity second ed. 1982 Hacklett
61. K.S. Shrader-Frechette Risk Analysis and Scientific Method 1985 Reidel Boston
62. K.S. Shrader-Frechette Risk and Rationality 1991 Univerity of California Press Berkeley
63. K.S. Shrader-Frechette Ethics of Scientific Research 1994 Rowman & Littlefield Maryland
64. J. Simmonds, and D. Watt Radiation Protection Dosimetry: A Radical Reappraisal 1999 Medical Physics Publishing Wisconsin
65. C. Streffer, H. Bolt, D. Føllesdal, P. Hall, J.G. Hengstler, D. Oughton, K. Preiss, E. Rehbinder, and E. Swaton Low Dose Exposures in the Environment: Dose-Effect Relations and Risk Evaluation 2004 Springer
66. M. Tubiana The report of the French Academy of Sciences: problems associated with the effects of low doses of ionising radiation J. Radiol. Prot. 18 1998 243 248
67. Y. Yoshimoto, J.V. Neel, W.J. Schull, H. Kato, M. Soda, R. Eto, and K. Mabuchi Malignant tumours during the first two decades of life in the offspring of atomic bomb survivors Am. J. Hum. Genet. 46 1990 1041 1052