Introduction: Boot camps revisited: Issues, problems, prospects

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

Volumn 40, Issue 3-4, 2005, Pages 1-25

  Benda, Brent B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS AT LITTLE ROCK   (United States)

Author keywords

Boot camps; Correctional reforms; History of boot camps; Philosophical tenets of corrections; Problems in boot camp

Indexed keywords

EID: 32444436575     PISSN: 10509674     EISSN: 15408558     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J076v40n03_01     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Akers, R. L. (1998). Social learning and social structure: A general theory of crime and deviance. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
2. Akers, R. L., & Sellers. C. S. (2004). Criminologieal theories: Introduction and evaluation (4th ed). Los Angeles. CA: Roxbury.
3. Albanese, J. (1996). Five fundamental mistakes of criminal justice. Justice Quarterly. 13, 551-565.
4. Anderson, E. (1999). Code of the streets: Decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city. New York: Norton.
5. Anderson, J. F., Dyson, L., & Burns, J. C. (1999). Boot camps: An intermediate sanction. New York: University Press of America.
6. Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2003). The psychology of criminal conduct (3rd. ed.). Cincinnati: Anderson.
7. Andrews, D. A., Zinger. I., Hoge. R. D., Bonta, J., Gendreau, P., & Cullen. F. T. (1990). Does correctional treatment work? A clinically relevant and psychologically informed meta-analysis. Criminology, 28, 369-404.
8. Baier, C. J., & Wright, B. R. E. (2001). If you love me, keep my commandments: A meta-analysis of the effect of religion on crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, 3-21.
9. Belcher, J. R., & Benda, B. B. (in press). Issues of divine healing in psychotherapy: Opening a dialog. Social Thought.
10. Benda, B. B. (2002a). Religion and violent offenses among youth entering boot camp: Structural equation model. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 39, 92-101.
11. Benda, B. B. (2002b). Test of a structural equation model of comorbidity among homeless and domiciled military veterans. Journal of Social Service Research. 29, 1-35.
12. Benda, B. B. (2002c). Factors associated with rehospitalization among veterans in a substance abuse treatment program. Psychiatric Services, 53, 1176-1178.
13. Benda, B. B. (2003a). Discriminators of suicide thoughts and attempts among homeless veterans who abuse substances. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 33, 430-442.
14. Benda, B. B. (2003b). Survival analysis of criminal recidivism of boot camp graduates using elements from general and developmental explanatory models. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 47(1), 89-101.
15. Benda, B. B. (2004a). Gender differences in the rehospitalization of substance abusers among homeless military veterans. Journal of Drug Issues, 34, 723-750.
16. Benda, B. B. (2004b). Life-course theory of readmission for substance abuse among homeless veterans. Psychiatric Services, 55, 1308-1310.
17. Benda, B. B. (2005). Gender differences in predictors of suicidal thoughts and attempts among homeless veterans that abuse substances. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 35, 106-116.
18. Benda, B. B. (in press). The robustness of sell-control in relation to form of delinquency. Youth & Society.
19. Benda, B. B., & Corwyn, R. F. (2002). The effect of abuse in childhood and adolescence on violence among adolescents. Youth & Society, 33, 339-365.
20. Benda, B. B., & Toombs, N. J. (2002). The effects of religiosity on drug use among inmates in boot camp: Testing a theoretical model with reciprocal relationships. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 35, 161-183.
21. Benda, B. B., Toombs, N. J., & Peacock, M. (2002). Ecological factors in recidivism: A survival analysis of boot camp graduates after three years. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 35, 63-85.
22. Benda, B. B., Toombs, N. J., & Peacock, M. (2003a). An examination of competing theories in predicting recidivism of adult offenders five years after graduation from boot camp. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 37, 43-75.
23. Benda, B. B., Toombs, N. J.,& Peacock, M. (2003b). Discriminators of types of recidivism among boot camp graduates in a 5-year follow-up study. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31, 539-559.
24. Blumstein, A., & Wallman, J. (2000). The crime drop in America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
25. Bride, B. E., & Real, E. (2003). Project assist: A modified therapeutic community for homeless women living with HIV/AIDS and chemical dependency. Health & Social Work, 28, 166-177.
26. Byrue, J. M., Lurigio, A. J., & Petersilia, J. (Eds.) (1992). Smart sentencing: The emergence of intermediate sanctions. Newbury Park: CA: Sage.
27. Clear, T. R. (1994). Harm in American penology: Offenders, victims, and their communities. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
28. Clear, T. R., & Sumter, M. T. (2002). Prisoners, prison, and religion: Religion and adjustment to prison. InT. P. O'Connor and N. J. Pallone (Eds.) Religion, the community, and the rehabilitation of criminal offenders (pp. 127-159). New York: The Haworth Press.
29. Cronin, R. (1994). Boot camps for adult and juvenile offenders: Overview and update. Washington. DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
30. Cullen, F. T., Cullen, J. B., & Wozniak, J. F. (1988). Is rehabilitation dead?: The myth of the punitive public. Journal of Criminal Justice, 16, 303-317.
31. Cullen, F. T., & Gendreau, P. (2001). From nothing works to what works: Changing professional ideology in the 21st century. The Prison Journal, 81, 313-338.
32. Cullen, F. T., Latessa, E., Burton, V., & Lombardo, L. (1993). Prison wardens: Is the rehabilitative ideal supported. Criminology, 31, 69-87.
33. Cullen, F. T., Wright, J. P., & Chamlin, M. B. (1999). Social support and social reform: A progressive crime control agenda. Crime and Delinquency, 45, 188-207.
34. DiIulio, J. J., Jr. (1991). No escape: The future of American corrections. New York: Basic Books.
35. Empey, L. T., Stafford, M. C., & Hay, C. H. (1999). American delinquency: Its meaning and construction (4th ed.). Belmont. CA: Wadsworth.
36. Farabee, D. (2002). Reexamining Martinson's critique: A cautionary note for evaluators. Crime and Delinquency, 48, 189-192.
37. Finckenauer, J. (1982). Scared straight and the panacea phenomenon. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
38. Fogel, D. (1975). We are the living proof: The justice model for corrections. Cincinnati. OH: Anderson.
39. Gendreau, P., & Ross, R. R. (1987). Revivification of rehabilitation: Evidence from the 1980s. Justice Quarterly, 4, 349-408.
40. Giordano, P. C., Cernkovich, S. A., & Rudolph, J. L. (2002). Gender, crime, and desistance: Toward a theory of cognitive transformation. The American Journal of Sociology, 107, 990-1064.
41. Gottfredson, D. M., & Tonry, M. (Eds.) (1987). Prediction and classification: Criminal justice decision making. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
42. Gottfredson, M., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Palo Alto. CA: Stanford University Press.
43. Gover, A. R., MacKenzie, D. L., & Styve, G. J. (2000). Boot camps and traditional correctional facilities for juveniles: A comparison of the participants, daily activities, and environments. Journal of Criminal Justice, 28, 51-68.
44. Greenwood, P. W.,& Zimring, F. E. (1985). One more chance: The pursuit of promising intervention strategies for chronic juvenile offenders. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
45. Griffin, M. L., & Armstrong, G. S. (2003). The effect of local life circumstances on female probationers' offending. Justice Quarterly, 29, 213-225.
46. Halleck, S. L., & Witte, A. D. (1977). Is rehabilitation dead? Crime and Delinquency, 23, 372-382.
47. Harland, A. T. (Ed.) (1996). Choosing correctional options that work. Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage.
48. Hemmens, C., & Marquart, J. W. (2000). Friend or foe? Race, age, and inmate perceptions of inmate-staff relations. Journal of Criminal Justice, 28, 197-213.
49. Hemmens, C., Stohr, M. K., Schoeler, M., & Miller, B. (2002). One step up. two steps back: The progression of perceptions of women's work in prisons and jails. Journal of Criminal Justice, 30, 473-490.
50. Irwin, J., & Austin, J. (1994). It's about time: America's imprisonment binge. Belmont. CA: Wadsworth.
51. Jones, J. (1996). Risk prediction in criminal justice. In A. T. Harland (Ed.) Choosing correctional options that work (pp. 3368) Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage.
52. Klecka, W. R. (1980). Discriminant analysis. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage.
53. Lipton, D., Martinson, R., & Wilks, J. (1975). The effectiveness of correctional treatment: A survey of treatment evaluation studies. New York: Praeger.
54. Lutze. F. E., & Brody, D. (1999). Mental abuse and unusual punishment: Do boot camp prisons violate the Eighth Amendment? Crime and Delinquency, 45, 242-255.
55. Lutze, F., & Murphy, D. (1999). Ultramasculine prison environments and inmates adjustment: It's time to move beyond the 'Boys will be Boys' paradigm. Justice Quarterly, 16, 709-733.
56. MacKenzie, D. (1990). Boot camp prisons: Components, evaluations, and empirical issues. Federal Probation, 54, 44-52.
57. MacKenzie, D. L. (2000). Evidence-based corrections: Identifying what works. Crime and Delinquency, 46, 457-471.
58. MacKenzie, D. L., & Armstrong, G. S. (2004). Correctional boot camps: Studies examining military basic training as a model for corrections. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
59. MacKenzie, D. L., Brame, R., McDowall, D., & Souryal, C. (1995). Boot camp prisons and recidivism in eight states. Criminology, 33, 327-357.
60. MacKenzie, D. L., & Parent, D. (1992). Boot camps and prisons for young offenders. In J. M. Byrne, A. J. Lurigio, & J. Petersilia (Eds.) Smart sentencing: The emergence of intermediate sanctions (pp. 103-119). Newbury Park: CA: Sage.
61. MacKenzie, D. L., Wilson, B. D., Armstrong, G. S., & Gover, A. R. (2001) The impact of boot camps and traditional institutions on juvenile residents: Perceptions, adjustment, and change. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38. 279-313.
62. MacKenzie, D. L., wilson, D. B., & Kider, S. B. (2001). Effects of correctional boot camps on offending. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 578, 126-143.
63. Martin, S. E., Sechrest, L. B., & Redner, R. (1981). New directions in the rehabilitation of offenders. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.
64. Martinson, R. M. (1974). "What works" questions and answers about prison reform. Public Interest, 35, 22-54.
65. Martinson. R. (1979). New findings, new views: A note of caution regarding sentencing reform. Hofstra Law Review, 7, 243-258.
66. McCorkle, R. C. (1995). Correctional boot camps and change in altitude: Is all this shouting necessary? A research note. Justice Quarterly, 12, 365-375.
67. Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674-701.
68. Morash, M., & Rucker, L. (1990). A critical look at the idea of boot camp as a correctional reform. Crime & Delinquency, 36, 204-222.
69. Morris, N. (1974). The future of imprisonment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
70. Morris, N., & Tonry, M. (1990). Between prison and probation: Intermediate punishment in a rational sanctioning system. New York: Oxford University Press.
71. Moynihan, D. P. (1969). Maximum feasible misunderstanding: Community action in the war on poverty. New York: Free Press.
72. National Institute of Justice (1996). Inventory of aftercare provisions for 52 boot camp programs. Retrieved June 14, 2004, www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/ invafter.txt
73. Osler, M. (1991). Shock incarceration: Hard realities and real possibilities. Federal Probation, 55, 34-42.
74. Palmer, T. (1983). The "effectiveness" issue today: An overview. Federal Probation, 46, 3-10.
75. Palmer, T. (1992). The re-emergence of correctional intervention. Newbury Park. CA: Sage.
76. Palmer, T. (1994). A profile of correctional effectiveness and new directions for research. Albany: State University of New York Press.
77. Parent, D. (1989). Shock incarceration: An overview of existing programs. Issues and Practices. Washington. DC: U.S. Department of Justice. National Institute of Justice.
78. Parent, D. (2003). Correctional boot camps: Lessons from a decade of research. Washington. DC: National Institute of Justice. U.S. Department of Justice.
79. Petersilia, J., & Turner, S. (1993) Intensive probation and Parole. In M. Tonry (Ed.) Crime and justice: A review of research (Vol. 17, pp. 281-335). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
80. Piquero, A. R., Brame, R., Mazerolle, P., & Haapanen, R. (2002). Crime in emerging adulthood, Criminology, 40, 137-169.
81. Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the making: Pathways and turning points through life. Cambridge. MA: Harvard University Press.
82. Schur, E. M. (1973). Radical nonintervention: Rethinking the delinquency problem. Englewood. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
83. Sechrest. D. (1989). Prison boot camps do not measure up. Federal Probation, 53, 15-20.
84. Sechrest, L., White. S. O., & Brown, E. D. (1979). The rehabilitation of criminal offenders. Washington. DC: National Academy Press.
85. Sherman, L. W., Farrington, D. P., Welsh, B. C., & MacKenzie, D. L. (Eds.). (2002). Evidence-based crime prevention. New York: Routledge.
86. Silove, D. (2004). Challenges in fighting torture: From September 11 to Abu Ghraib. Lancet. 363, 1915-1917.
87. Simons, R. L., Stewart, E., Gordon, L. C., Conger, R. D., & Elder, G. H. (2002). A test of life-course explanations for stability and change in antisocial behavior from adolescence to young adulthood. Criminology, 40, 401-434.
88. Smith, D. (2003). Shaping up in prison hoot camp. Retrieved June 14. 2004. www.arktimes.com/031031coverstorya.html
89. Snyder, H. N., & Sickmund, M. (1999). Juvenile offenders and victims: 1999 national report (NCJ 178257). Washington. DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice Programs. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
90. Stinchcomb, J. B. (1999). Recovering from the shocking reality of shock incarceration: What correctional administrators can learn from boot camp failures. Corrections Management Quarterly, 3, 43-52.
91. Stinchcomb, J. B., & Terry, W. C., III. (2001). Predicting the likelihood of rearrest among shock incarceration graduates: Moving beyond another nail in the boot camp coffin. Crime and Delinquency, 47, 221-242.
92. Tonry, M. (1996). Sentencing matters. New York: Oxford University Press.
93. Uggen, C. (2000). Work as a turning point in the life course of criminals: A duration model of age, employment, and recidivism. American Sociological Review, 65, 529-546.
94. van den Haag, E. (1975). Punishing criminals: Concerning a very old and painful question. New York: Basic Books.
95. Van Voorhis, P. (1987). Correctional effectiveness: The high cost of ignoring success. Federal Probation, 51, 56-62.
96. Von Hirsch (1976). Doing justice: the choice of punishments. New York: Hill & Wang.
97. Weeks, R., & Widom, C. S. (1998). Self-reports of early childhood victimization among incarcerated adult male felons. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13, 346-356.
98. Welch, M. (1997). A critical interpretation of correctional boot camps as normalizing institutions. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 13, 184-205.
99. Widom, C. S. (2001). Alcohol abuse as risk factor for and consequence of child abuse. Alcohol Research and Health, 25, 52-58.
100. Wilson, J. Q. (1975). Thinking about crime. New York: Basic Books.
101. Wilson, W. J. (1996). When work disappears: The world of the new arban poor. New York: Knopf.
102. Zilberman, M. L., Tavares, H., Blume, S. B., & el-Guebaly, N. (2003). Substance use disorders: Sex differences and psychiatric comorbidities. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48, 5-14.