Ice supersaturation as seen from TOVS

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 539-547

  Gierens, K ^a   Kohlhepp, R ^a   Spichtinger, P ^a   Schroedter Homscheidt, M ^a  

^a GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 3242701575     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-4-539-2004     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Brewer, A. W.: Condensation trails, Weather, 1, 34-40, 1946.
2. Buehler, S. A. and Courcoux, N.: The impact of temperature errors on perceived humidity supersaturation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(14), 1759, doi: 10.1029/2003GL017691, 2003.
3. Chaboureau, J.-P., Chédin, A., and Scott, N.A.: Remote sensing of the vertical distribution of atmospheric water vapor from the TOVS observations: Method and validation, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 8743-8752, 1998.
4. Eyre, J. R.: On systematic errors in satellite sounding products and their climatological mean values, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 113, 279-292, 1987.
5. Gierens, K., Schumann, U., Helten, M., Smit, H. G. J., and Marenco, A.: A distribution law for relative humidity in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere derived from three years of MOZAIC measurements, Ann. Geophys. 17, 1218-1226, 1999.
6. Gierens, K., Schumann, U., Helten, M., Smit, H. G. J. and Wang, P.-H.: Ice-supersaturated regions and sub visible cirrus in the northern midlatitude upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 22 743-22 754, 2000.
7. Glückauf, E.: Notes on upper air hygrometry - II: On the humidity in the stratosphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 71, 110-112, 1945.
8. Heymsfield, A. J., Miloshevich, L. M., Twohy, C., Sachse, G., and Oltmans, S.: Upper-tropospheric relative humidity observations and implications for cirrus ice formation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1343-1346, 1998.
9. ITPP 5.0 User Guide, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS), University of Wisconsin-Madison, June 1995 (available via ITPP website http://cimss.ssec.wisc. edu/opsats/polar/iapp/IAPP.html).
10. Jackson, D. L. and Bates, J. J.: Upper tropospheric humidity algorithm assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 32 259-32 270, 2001.
11. Jensen, E. J., Toon, O. B., Tabazadeh, A., Sachse, G. W., Anderson, B. E., Chan, K. R., Twohy, C. W., Gandrud, B., Aulenbach, S. M., Heymsfield, A., Hallett, J., and Gary, B.: Ice nucleation processes in upper tropospheric wave-clouds during SUCCESS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1363-1366, 1998.
12. Kärcher, B. and Haag, W.: Factors controlling upper tropospheric relative humidity, Ann. Geophys., 22, 705-715, 2004.
13. Koop, T., Luo, B., Tsias, A., and Peter, T: Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions, Nature, 406, 611-614, 2000.
14. Menzel, W. P., Smith, W. L. and Stewert, T. R.: Improved cloud motion wind vector and altitude assignment using VAS, J. Appl. Meteor., 22, 377-384, 1983.
15. NOAA Technical Report NESS 83, Atmospheric Sounding Users Guide, 1981.
16. Ovarlez, J., van Velthoven, P., Sachse, G., Vay, S., Schlager, H., and Ovarlez, H.: Comparison of water vapor measurements from POLINAT 2 with ECMWF analyses in high humidity conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3737-3744, 2000.
17. Peixoto, J. P. and Oort, A. H.: The climatology of relative humidity in the atmosphere, J. Climate, 9, 3443-3463, 1996.
18. Read, W. G., Waters, J. W., Wu, D. L., Stone, E. M., Shippony, Z., Smedley, A. C., Smallcomb, C. C., Oltmans, S., Kley, D., Smit, H. G. J., Mergenthaler, J. L., and Karki, M. K.: UARS MLS Upper Tropospheric Humidity Measurement: Method and Validation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 32 207-32 258, 2001.
19. Ross, R. J. and Elliott, W. P: Tropospheric precipitable water: A radiosonde-based climatology, NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ARL-219, 132 pp., 1996.
20. Sausen, R., Gierens, K., Ponater, M., and Schumann, U.: A diagnostic study of the global distribution of contrails part I: Present day climate, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 61, 127-141, 1998.
21. Schumann, U.: On conditions for contrail formation from aircraft exhausts, Meteorol. Z., N. F. 5, 4-23, 1996.
22. Smith, W. L.: An improved method for calculating tropospheric temperature and moisture profiles from satellite radiometer measurements, Monthly Weather Rev., 96, 387-396, 1968.
23. Smith, W. L. and Woolf, H. M.: The use of eigenvectors of statistical covariance matrices for interpreting satellite sounding radiometer observations, J. Atmos. Sci, 33, 1127-1140, 1976.
24. Smith, W. L. and Platt, C. M. R.: Comparison of satellite-deduced cloud heights with indications from radiosonde and ground based laser measurements, J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 1796-1802, 1978.
25. Smith, W. L., Woolf, H. M., Nieman, S. J. and Achtor, T. H.: ITPP-5 - The use of AVHRR and TIGR in TOVS Data Processing, Technical Proceedings, 7th International TOVS Study Conference, pp 443-453, Feb. 1993.
26. Soden, B. J. and Bretherton, F. P.: Upper tropospheric relative humidity from the GOES 6.7 μm channel: Method and climatology for July 1987, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16 669-16 688, 1993.
27. Soden, B. J. and Bretherton, F. P.: Interpretation of TOVS water vapor radiances in terms of layer-average relative humidities: Method and climatology for the upper, middle, and lower troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9333-9343, 1996.
28. Soden, B., Tjemkes, S., Schmetz, J., Saunders, R., Bates, J., Ellingson, B., Engelen, R., Garand, L., Jackson, D., Jedlovec, G., Kleespies, T., Randel, D., Rayer, P., Salathe, E., Schwarzkopf, D., Scott, N., Sohn, B., de Souza-Machado, S., Strow, L., Tobin, D., Turner, D., van Delst, P., and Wehr, T.: An intercomparison of radiation codes for retrieving upper-tropospheric humidity in the 6.3- μm band: A report from the first GVaP workshop, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 81(4), 797-808, 2000.
29. Spichtinger, P., Gierens, K., and Read, W.: The statistical distribution law of relative humidity in the global tropopause region, Meteorol. Z., 11, 83-88, 2002.
30. Spichtinger, P., Gierens, K., Leiterer, U., and Dier, H.: Ice supersaturation in the tropopause region over Lindenberg, Germany, Meteorol. Z., 12, 143-156, 2003a.
31. Spichtinger, P., Gierens, K., Read, W.: The global distribution of ice-supersaturated regions as seen by the microwave limb sounder, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 129, 3391-3410, 2003b.
32. Stephens, G. L., Jackson, D. L., and Wittmeyer, I.: Global observations of upper-tropospheric water vapor derived from TOVS radiance data, J. Clim., 9, 305-326, 1996.
33. Vay, S. A., Anderson, B. E., Jensen, E. J., Sachse, G. W., Ovarlez, J., Gregory, G. L., Nolf, S. R., Podolske, J. R., Slate, T. A., and Sorenson, C. E.: Tropospheric water vapor measurements over the North Atlantic during the Subsonic Assessment Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment (SONEX), J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3745-3756, 2000.
34. Weickmann, H.: Formen und Bildung atmosphärischer Eiskristalle, Beitr. Physik der freien Atmosphäre, 28, 12-52, 1945.