메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 120-128

Do female sex hormones initiate breast cancer? A review of the evidence

Author keywords

Breast cancer; Cell mutations; Estrogen; Progestogens

Indexed keywords

CARCINOGEN; CONJUGATED ESTROGEN PLUS MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE; ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PROGESTERONE; SEX HORMONE;

EID: 3242665918     PISSN: 13697137     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13697130410001713797     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (13)

References (62)
  • 2
    • 0030843969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer and hormonal replacement therapy: Collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer
    • Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and hormonal replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer. Lancet 1997;350:1047-59
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 1047-1059
  • 3
    • 0034716353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Menopausal estrogen and estrogen/progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk
    • Schairer C, Lubin J, Troisis R, et al. Menopausal estrogen and estrogen/progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. J Am Med Assoc 2000;283:485-91
    • (2000) J Am Med Assoc , vol.283 , pp. 485-491
    • Schairer, C.1    Lubin, J.2    Troisis, R.3
  • 4
    • 0034673201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: Estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin
    • Ross RK, Paganini-Hill A, Wan PC. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:328-32
    • (2000) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.92 , pp. 328-332
    • Ross, R.K.1    Paganini-Hill, A.2    Wan, P.C.3
  • 5
    • 0042018741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer and hormone replacement in the Million Women Study
    • Million Women Collaborators. Breast cancer and hormone replacement in the Million Women Study. Lancet 2003;362:419-27
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 419-427
  • 6
    • 0037125379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women
    • Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. J Am Med Assoc 2002;288:321-33
    • (2002) J Am Med Assoc , vol.288 , pp. 321-333
  • 7
    • 0033552899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting the risk of breast cancer in perspective
    • Phillips KA, Glendon G, Knight J. Putting the risk of breast cancer in perspective. N Engl J Med 1999;340:141-4
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 141-144
    • Phillips, K.A.1    Glendon, G.2    Knight, J.3
  • 8
    • 0027409892 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for breast cancer development
    • Henderson IC. Risk factors for breast cancer development. Cancer 1993;Suppl 71:2127-40
    • (1993) Cancer , Issue.71 SUPPL. , pp. 2127-2140
    • Henderson, I.C.1
  • 13
    • 0014900473 scopus 로고
    • Age at first birth and breast cancer risk
    • MacMahon B, Cole P, Lim M, et al. Age at first birth and breast cancer risk. Bull WHO 1970;43:209-21
    • (1970) Bull WHO , vol.43 , pp. 209-221
    • MacMahon, B.1    Cole, P.2    Lim, M.3
  • 14
    • 0024448797 scopus 로고
    • The independent association of parity, age at first full term pregnancy and duration of breast feeding with the risk of breast cancer
    • Layde PM, Webster LA, Baugham AL, et al. The independent association of parity, age at first full term pregnancy and duration of breast feeding with the risk of breast cancer. J Clin Epidemiol 1989;42:963-73
    • (1989) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.42 , pp. 963-973
    • Layde, P.M.1    Webster, L.A.2    Baugham, A.L.3
  • 15
    • 0025669941 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraception and breast cancer: Review and metaanalysis
    • Romieu I, Berlin JA, Colditz G. Oral contraception and breast cancer: review and metaanalysis. Cancer 1990;66:2253-63
    • (1990) Cancer , vol.66 , pp. 2253-2263
    • Romieu, I.1    Berlin, J.A.2    Colditz, G.3
  • 17
    • 34848824737 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and breast cancer: Review of the epidemiological literature
    • Thomas DB. Oral contraceptives and breast cancer: review of the epidemiological literature. Contraception 1991;1:973-82
    • (1991) Contraception , vol.1 , pp. 973-982
    • Thomas, D.B.1
  • 18
    • 3242723609 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptive and breast cancer risk
    • UK National Case-Control Study Group. Oral contraceptive and breast cancer risk. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:597-641
    • (1993) Epidemiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 597-641
  • 19
    • 3242702713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford University, Unit of Health Care Epidemiology, Dept of Public Health, Oxford
    • Yeates D. Report: MRC/FPA Study of Contraception and Women's Health. Oxford University, Unit of Health Care Epidemiology, Dept of Public Health, Oxford, 2003:1-2
    • (2003) Report: MRC/FPA Study of Contraception and Women's Health , pp. 1-2
    • Yeates, D.1
  • 20
    • 0026551276 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen in plasma and fatty tissue from breast cancer patients and women undergoing surgery for non-oncogenic reasons
    • Blankenstein MA, Syzmczak J, Daroszewski J, et al. Estrogen in plasma and fatty tissue from breast cancer patients and women undergoing surgery for non-oncogenic reasons. Gynecol Endocrinol 1992;6:13
    • (1992) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.6 , pp. 13
    • Blankenstein, M.A.1    Syzmczak, J.2    Daroszewski, J.3
  • 21
    • 0001939754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of estrone sulfatase activity in human breast cancer cells: Effect of tibolone and its metabolites
    • Pasqualini JR, Chetrite G. Control of estrone sulfatase activity in human breast cancer cells: effect of tibolone and its metabolites. Gynecol Endocrinol 1996;11:69-75
    • (1996) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.11 , pp. 69-75
    • Pasqualini, J.R.1    Chetrite, G.2
  • 22
    • 0027131199 scopus 로고
    • A link between breast cancer and local estrogen biosynthesis suggested by quantification of breast adipose tissue competitive polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription
    • Bulun SE, Price TM, Aitken J, et al. A link between breast cancer and local estrogen biosynthesis suggested by quantification of breast adipose tissue competitive polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;77:1622-8
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , pp. 1622-1628
    • Bulun, S.E.1    Price, T.M.2    Aitken, J.3
  • 23
    • 0024803861 scopus 로고
    • Endocrine management of advanced breast cancer
    • Rose C, Mouridsen HT. Endocrine management of advanced breast cancer. Horm Rev 1989;32(Suppl 1):189-97
    • (1989) Horm Rev , vol.32 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 189-197
    • Rose, C.1    Mouridsen, H.T.2
  • 24
    • 0020472669 scopus 로고
    • Randomised clinical trial of megestrol acetate versus tamoxifen in perimenopausal or castrated women with advanced breast cancer
    • Ingle JN, Ahman DL, Green SJ, et al. Randomised clinical trial of megestrol acetate versus tamoxifen in perimenopausal or castrated women with advanced breast cancer. Am J Clin Oncol (CCT) 1982;5:155-6
    • (1982) Am J Clin Oncol (CCT) , vol.5 , pp. 155-156
    • Ingle, J.N.1    Ahman, D.L.2    Green, S.J.3
  • 25
    • 0026746239 scopus 로고
    • Combined oestrogen/progestogen replacement therapy and breast cancer risk
    • Persson L, Yuen J, Bergkvist I, et al. Combined oestrogen/progestogen replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. Lancet 1992;340:1044-6
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , pp. 1044-1046
    • Persson, L.1    Yuen, J.2    Bergkvist, I.3
  • 26
    • 0036899920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy regimens and breast cancer risk
    • Weiss LK, Burkman RT, Cushing-Huagen KL. Hormone replacement therapy regimens and breast cancer risk. Obstet Gynecol 2002;100:1148-58
    • (2002) Obstet Gynecol , vol.100 , pp. 1148-1158
    • Weiss, L.K.1    Burkman, R.T.2    Cushing-Huagen, K.L.3
  • 27
    • 0030853998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for breast carcinoma in Singaporean Chinese women: The role of central obesity
    • Ng EH, Gao F, Ji CY, et al. Risk factors for breast carcinoma in Singaporean Chinese women: the role of central obesity. Cancer 1997;80:725-31
    • (1997) Cancer , vol.80 , pp. 725-731
    • Ng, E.H.1    Gao, F.2    Ji, C.Y.3
  • 29
    • 0034825795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer: A qualitative review
    • Bush T, Whiteman M, Flaws JA. Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer: a qualitative review. Obstet Gynecol 2001;98:498-508
    • (2001) Obstet Gynecol , vol.98 , pp. 498-508
    • Bush, T.1    Whiteman, M.2    Flaws, J.A.3
  • 30
    • 0032865015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk in a nationally representative cohort
    • Lando JF, Heck KE, Brett KM. Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk in a nationally representative cohort. Am J Prev Med 1999;17:176-80
    • (1999) Am J Prev Med , vol.17 , pp. 176-180
    • Lando, J.F.1    Heck, K.E.2    Brett, K.M.3
  • 31
    • 0034614637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hallmarks of cancer
    • Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000;100:57-70
    • (2000) Cell , vol.100 , pp. 57-70
    • Hanahan, D.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 33
    • 0002799842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth factors
    • Holland JF, Bast RC, Morton DL, Frei E, Kufe DW, Weichselbaum RR, eds. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins
    • Fedi P, Tronick SR, Aaronson SA. Growth factors. In Holland JF, Bast RC, Morton DL, Frei E, Kufe DW, Weichselbaum RR, eds. Cancer Medicine. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1997:41-4
    • (1997) Cancer Medicine , pp. 41-44
    • Fedi, P.1    Tronick, S.R.2    Aaronson, S.A.3
  • 34
    • 0030933277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncoprotein networks
    • Hunter T. Oncoprotein networks. Cell 1997;898:333-46
    • (1997) Cell , vol.898 , pp. 333-346
    • Hunter, T.1
  • 35
    • 0029033861 scopus 로고
    • The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control
    • Weinberg RA. The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control. Cell 1995;81:323-30
    • (1995) Cell , vol.81 , pp. 323-330
    • Weinberg, R.A.1
  • 36
    • 0033620609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two MAD tails: What the recent knockouts of Mad 1 and M x 2 tell us about MYC/MAX/MAD networks
    • Foley KP, Eisenman RN. Two MAD tails: what the recent knockouts of Mad 1 and M x 2 tell us about MYC/MAX/MAD networks. Biochem Biophys Acta 1999;1423:M37-47
    • (1999) Biochem Biophys Acta , vol.1423
    • Foley, K.P.1    Eisenman, R.N.2
  • 37
    • 3242698319 scopus 로고
    • TGFβ stimulation and inhibition of cell cycle arrest
    • Moses HL, Yang EY, Pietenpol JA. TGFβ stimulation and inhibition of cell cycle arrest. Nature 1994;371:257-61
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 257-261
    • Moses, H.L.1    Yang, E.Y.2    Pietenpol, J.A.3
  • 38
    • 0028168242 scopus 로고
    • P15 INK 48 is a potential effector of TGFβ induced cell cycle arrest
    • Hannan GJ, Beach B. P15 INK 48 is a potential effector of TGFβ induced cell cycle arrest. Nature 1994;371:257-61
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 257-261
    • Hannan, G.J.1    Beach, B.2
  • 39
    • 0008278754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroidal control of cell proliferation in the breast and breast cancer
    • Wren B G, ed. Carnforth, UK: Parthenon
    • Musgrove EA, Sutherland RL. Steroidal control of cell proliferation in the breast and breast cancer. In Wren B G, ed. Progress in the Management of the Menopause. Carnforth, UK: Parthenon, 1996:194-202
    • (1996) Progress in the Management of the Menopause , pp. 194-202
    • Musgrove, E.A.1    Sutherland, R.L.2
  • 40
    • 0028522868 scopus 로고
    • Cell cycle control by steroid hormones
    • Parker M G, ed. London: Academic Press
    • Musgrove EA, Sutherland RL. Cell cycle control by steroid hormones. In Parker M G, ed. Seminars in Cancer Biology. London: Academic Press, 1994;5:381-98
    • (1994) Seminars in Cancer Biology , vol.5 , pp. 381-398
    • Musgrove, E.A.1    Sutherland, R.L.2
  • 42
    • 0030775651 scopus 로고
    • Biphasic regulation of breast cancer cell growth by progesterone: Role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors P21 and P27KIP 11
    • Groshong SD, Owen GI, Grimson B, et al. Biphasic regulation of breast cancer cell growth by progesterone: role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors P21 and P27KIP 11. Mol Endocrinol 1991;11:1593-607
    • (1991) Mol Endocrinol , vol.11 , pp. 1593-1607
    • Groshong, S.D.1    Owen, G.I.2    Grimson, B.3
  • 43
    • 0026051580 scopus 로고
    • Progestins both stimulate and inhibit breast cancer cell cycle progression whilst increasing expression of transforming growth factor α, epidermal growth factor receptor, c-fos and c-myc genes
    • Musgrove EA, Lee CSL, Sutherland RL. Progestins both stimulate and inhibit breast cancer cell cycle progression whilst increasing expression of transforming growth factor α, epidermal growth factor receptor, c-fos and c-myc genes. Mol Cell Biol 1991;11:5032-43
    • (1991) Mol Cell Biol , vol.11 , pp. 5032-5043
    • Musgrove, E.A.1    Lee, C.S.L.2    Sutherland, R.L.3
  • 44
    • 0032910169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis by death and decoy receptors
    • Ashkenazi A, Dixit VM. Apoptosis by death and decoy receptors. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1999;11:255-60
    • (1999) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.11 , pp. 255-260
    • Ashkenazi, A.1    Dixit, V.M.2
  • 46
    • 0031264540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and immortality at the cellular level: A review
    • Hayflick L. Mortality and immortality at the cellular level: a review. Biochemistry 1997;62:1180-90
    • (1997) Biochemistry , vol.62 , pp. 1180-1190
    • Hayflick, L.1
  • 47
    • 0033152429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase and the maintenance of chromosome ends
    • Bryan TM, Cech TR.Telomerase and the maintenance of chromosome ends. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1999;11:318
    • (1999) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.11 , pp. 318
    • Bryan, T.M.1    Cech, T.R.2
  • 49
    • 0030576517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis
    • Hanahan D, Folkman J. Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell 1996;86:362-4
    • (1996) Cell , vol.86 , pp. 362-364
    • Hanahan, D.1    Folkman, J.2
  • 50
    • 0027197245 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth in vivo
    • Kim KJ, Li B, Winer J. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth in vivo. Nature 1993;362:841-4
    • (1993) Nature , vol.362 , pp. 841-844
    • Kim, K.J.1    Li, B.2    Winer, J.3
  • 51
    • 0029870954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The war on cancer
    • Sporn MB. The war on cancer. Lancet 1996;347:1377-81
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1377-1381
    • Sporn, M.B.1
  • 52
    • 0033079605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin as a tumour-suppressor gene
    • Christofori G, Semb H. The role of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin as a tumour-suppressor gene. Trends Biochem Sci 1999;24:73-6
    • (1999) Trends Biochem Sci , vol.24 , pp. 73-76
    • Christofori, G.1    Semb, H.2
  • 53
    • 0028108451 scopus 로고
    • Cyclin D1 induction in breast cancer cells shortens G1 and is sufficient for cells arrested in G1 to complete the cell cycle
    • Musgrove EA, Lee CSL, Buckley MF, Sutherland RL. Cyclin D1 induction in breast cancer cells shortens G1 and is sufficient for cells arrested in G1 to complete the cell cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1994;91:8022-6
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.91 , pp. 8022-8026
    • Musgrove, E.A.1    Lee, C.S.L.2    Buckley, M.F.3    Sutherland, R.L.4
  • 54
    • 0028962615 scopus 로고
    • Cell cycle control by steroid hormones in breast cancer: Implications for endocrine resistance
    • Sutherland RL, Watts CKW, Musgrove EA. Cell cycle control by steroid hormones in breast cancer: implications for endocrine resistance. Endocrine Related Cancer 1995;2:87-96
    • (1995) Endocrine Related Cancer , vol.2 , pp. 87-96
    • Sutherland, R.L.1    Watts, C.K.W.2    Musgrove, E.A.3
  • 55
    • 0001939754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of oestrone sulfatase activity in human breast cancer cells: Effect of tibolone and its metabolites
    • Pasqualini JR, Chetrite G. Control of oestrone sulfatase activity in human breast cancer cells: effect of tibolone and its metabolites. Gynecol Endocrinol 1996;11:69-75
    • (1996) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.11 , pp. 69-75
    • Pasqualini, J.R.1    Chetrite, G.2
  • 56
    • 0029804714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of anastrazole (Arimidex), a selective non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor on in-vivo aromatisation and plasma oestrogen level in post menopausal women with breast cancer
    • Geisler J, King N, Dowsett M, et al. Influence of anastrazole (Arimidex), a selective non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor on in-vivo aromatisation and plasma oestrogen level in post menopausal women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer 1996;74:1286-91
    • (1996) Br J Cancer , vol.74 , pp. 1286-1291
    • Geisler, J.1    King, N.2    Dowsett, M.3
  • 57
    • 0032984538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Livial: A review of clinical studies
    • Moore RA. Livial: a review of clinical studies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999;106:1-21
    • (1999) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.106 , pp. 1-21
    • Moore, R.A.1
  • 58
    • 8544252436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological action of progesterone in target tissue
    • Graham JD, Clarke CL. Physiological action of progesterone in target tissue. Endocrine Rev 1997;18:502-18
    • (1997) Endocrine Rev , vol.18 , pp. 502-518
    • Graham, J.D.1    Clarke, C.L.2
  • 59
    • 0002259477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of hormones in human breast development: The menopausal breast
    • Wren BG , ed. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on the Menopause. Carnforth, UK: Parthenon
    • Russo J, Russo IH. Role of hormones in human breast development: the menopausal breast. In Wren BG , ed. Progress in the Management of the Menopause. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on the Menopause. Carnforth, UK: Parthenon, 1996:184-93
    • (1996) Progress in the Management of the Menopause , pp. 184-193
    • Russo, J.1    Russo, I.H.2
  • 60
    • 0032475436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma sex steroid levels and risk of breast cancer in post menopausal women
    • Hankinson S, Willett WC, Manson JE, et al. Plasma sex steroid levels and risk of breast cancer in post menopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:1292-7
    • (1998) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.90 , pp. 1292-1297
    • Hankinson, S.1    Willett, W.C.2    Manson, J.E.3
  • 61
    • 0028942126 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of endogenous oestrogens and breast cancer in post menopausal women
    • Toniolo PG, Levitz M, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, et al. A prospective study of endogenous oestrogens and breast cancer in post menopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:190-7
    • (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.87 , pp. 190-197
    • Toniolo, P.G.1    Levitz, M.2    Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A.3
  • 62
    • 0028060122 scopus 로고
    • Progestogen use and decreased risk of breast cancer in a cohort study of pre-menopausal women with benign breast disease
    • Plu-Bureau G, Le MG, Sitruk-Ware R, et al. Progestogen use and decreased risk of breast cancer in a cohort study of pre-menopausal women with benign breast disease. Br J Cancer 1995;70:270-7
    • (1995) Br J Cancer , vol.70 , pp. 270-277
    • Plu-Bureau, G.1    Le, M.G.2    Sitruk-Ware, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.