메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 924-946

Exposure and multiple lines of evidence assessment of risk for PCBs found in the diets of passerine birds at the Kalamazoo River Superfund site, Michigan

Author keywords

Bioaccumulation; Birds; Dietary exposure; Insects; Risk assessment; Trophic level

Indexed keywords

AVES; HEXAPODA; INSECTA; PASSERIFORMES;

EID: 32344446565     PISSN: 10807039     EISSN: 15497860     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10807030600826995     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 33748560408 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal distribution and abundance of birds in the Kalamazoo, Michigan, area
    • Adams RJ. 1979. Seasonal distribution and abundance of birds in the Kalamazoo, Michigan, area. Jack-Pine Warbler 57:91-105
    • (1979) Jack-Pine Warbler , vol.57 , pp. 91-105
    • Adams, R.J.1
  • 2
    • 0027405376 scopus 로고
    • Uptake of planar polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins by birds nesting in the Lower Fox River and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
    • Ankley GT, Niemi GJ, Lodge KB, et al. 1993. Uptake of planar polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins by birds nesting in the Lower Fox River and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 24:332-44
    • (1993) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.24 , pp. 332-344
    • Ankley, G.T.1    Niemi, G.J.2    Lodge, K.B.3
  • 3
    • 0032949278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive success and biochemical effects in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) exposed to chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in wetlands of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Basin, USA and Canada
    • Bishop CA, Mahony NA, Trudeau S, et al. 1999. Reproductive success and biochemical effects in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) exposed to chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in wetlands of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Basin, USA and Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:263-71
    • (1999) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.18 , pp. 263-271
    • Bishop, C.A.1    Mahony, N.A.2    Trudeau, S.3
  • 4
    • 0026324699 scopus 로고
    • Tree swallow diet in relation to wetland acidity
    • Blancher PJ and McNicol DK. 1991. Tree swallow diet in relation to wetland acidity. Can J Zool 69:2629-37
    • (1991) Can J Zool , vol.69 , pp. 2629-2637
    • Blancher, P.J.1    McNicol, D.K.2
  • 5
    • 25144485222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of biomarkers of exposure and vertebrate tissue residues in the hazard characterization of PCBs at contaminated sites: Application to birds and mammals
    • Sunahara GI, Renoux AY, Thellen C, et al. (eds). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, UK
    • Blankenship AL and Giesy JP. 2002. Use of biomarkers of exposure and vertebrate tissue residues in the hazard characterization of PCBs at contaminated sites: Application to birds and mammals. In: Sunahara GI, Renoux AY, Thellen C, et al. (eds), Environmental Analysis of Contaminated Sites, pp 153-80. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, UK
    • (2002) Environmental Analysis of Contaminated Sites , pp. 153-180
    • Blankenship, A.L.1    Giesy, J.P.2
  • 6
    • 23844520294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential accumulation of PCB congeners in the terrestrial food web at the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, USA
    • Blankenship AL, Zwiernik MJ, Coady KK, et al. 2005. Differential accumulation of PCB congeners in the terrestrial food web at the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, USA. Environ Sci Technol 39:5954-63
    • (2005) Environ Sci Technol , vol.39 , pp. 5954-5963
    • Blankenship, A.L.1    Zwiernik, M.J.2    Coady, K.K.3
  • 7
    • 0031984263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical evaluation of safety (uncertainty) factors for ecological risk assessment
    • Chapman PM, Fairbrother A, and Brown D. 1998. A critical evaluation of safety (uncertainty) factors for ecological risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 17:99-108
    • (1998) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.17 , pp. 99-108
    • Chapman, P.M.1    Fairbrother, A.2    Brown, D.3
  • 8
    • 0031845102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproduction and environmental contamination in tree swallows nesting in the Fox River Drainage and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
    • Custer CM, Custer TW, Allen PD, et al. 1998. Reproduction and environmental contamination in tree swallows nesting in the Fox River Drainage and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem 17:1786-98
    • (1998) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.17 , pp. 1786-1798
    • Custer, C.M.1    Custer, T.W.2    Allen, P.D.3
  • 9
    • 0036010582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dioxins and congener-specific polychlorinated biphenyls in three avian species from the Wisconsin River, Wisconsin
    • Custer TW, Custer CM, and Hines RK. 2002. Dioxins and congener-specific polychlorinated biphenyls in three avian species from the Wisconsin River, Wisconsin. Environ Pollut 119:323-32
    • (2002) Environ Pollut , vol.119 , pp. 323-332
    • Custer, T.W.1    Custer, C.M.2    Hines, R.K.3
  • 10
    • 0141447764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure and effects of chemical contaminants on tree swallows nesting along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA, 1998-2000
    • Custer CM, Custer TW, Dummer PM, et al. 2003. Exposure and effects of chemical contaminants on tree swallows nesting along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA, 1998-2000. Environ Toxicol Chem 22:1605-21
    • (2003) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.22 , pp. 1605-1621
    • Custer, C.M.1    Custer, T.W.2    Dummer, P.M.3
  • 11
    • 10644227871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure and effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Woonasquatucket River, Rhode Island
    • Custer CM, Custer TW, Rosiu CJ, et al. 2005. Exposure and effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Woonasquatucket River, Rhode Island. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:93-109
    • (2005) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.24 , pp. 93-109
    • Custer, C.M.1    Custer, T.W.2    Rosiu, C.J.3
  • 13
    • 2342532319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lines of evidence in wildlife risk assessments
    • Fairbrother A. 2003. Lines of evidence in wildlife risk assessments. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 9:1475-91
    • (2003) Hum Ecol Risk Assess , vol.9 , pp. 1475-1491
    • Fairbrother, A.1
  • 14
    • 0031911482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls from sediments to aquatic insects and tree swallow eggs and nestlings in Saginaw Bay, Michigan, USA
    • Froese KL, Verbrugge DA, Ankley GT, et al. 1998. Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls from sediments to aquatic insects and tree swallow eggs and nestlings in Saginaw Bay, Michigan, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem 17:484-92
    • (1998) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.17 , pp. 484-492
    • Froese, K.L.1    Verbrugge, D.A.2    Ankley, G.T.3
  • 15
    • 0031797496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Implications for risk assessment
    • Giesy JP and Kannan K. 1998. Dioxin-like and Non-dioxin-like Toxic Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): Implications for Risk Assessment. Critical Rev Toxicol 28:511-69
    • (1998) Critical Rev Toxicol , vol.28 , pp. 511-569
    • Giesy, J.P.1    Kannan, K.2
  • 16
    • 85022467340 scopus 로고
    • Deformities in birds of the Great Lakes region: Assigning causality
    • Giesy JP, Ludwig JP, and Tillitt DE. 1994. Deformities in birds of the Great Lakes region: Assigning causality. Environ Sci Technol 28:128A-35A
    • (1994) Environ Sci Technol , vol.28
    • Giesy, J.P.1    Ludwig, J.P.2    Tillitt, D.E.3
  • 18
    • 0034047318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive success and chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along rivers receiving pulp and paper mill effluent discharges
    • Harris ML and Elliott JE. 2000. Reproductive success and chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along rivers receiving pulp and paper mill effluent discharges. Environ Pollut 110:307-20
    • (2000) Environ Pollut , vol.110 , pp. 307-320
    • Harris, M.L.1    Elliott, J.E.2
  • 19
    • 0141557575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Productivity of American robins exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls, Housatonic River, Massachusetts, USA
    • Henning MH, Robinson SK, McKay KJ, et al. 2003. Productivity of American robins exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls, Housatonic River, Massachusetts, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem 22:2783-8
    • (2003) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.22 , pp. 2783-2788
    • Henning, M.H.1    Robinson, S.K.2    McKay, K.J.3
  • 20
    • 31844443695 scopus 로고
    • The environment and disease: Association or causation?
    • Hill AB. 1965. The environment and disease: Association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 58:295-300
    • (1965) Proc R Soc Med , vol.58 , pp. 295-300
    • Hill, A.B.1
  • 22
    • 33748570708 scopus 로고
    • Spring roosts of the robin
    • Howell JC. 1940. Spring roosts of the robin. Wilson Bull 52:19-23
    • (1940) Wilson Bull , vol.52 , pp. 19-23
    • Howell, J.C.1
  • 23
    • 0000578103 scopus 로고
    • Food sampling biases associated with the "ligature method"
    • Johnson EJ, Best LB, and Heagy PA. 1980. Food sampling biases associated with the "ligature method." Condor 82:186-92
    • (1980) Condor , vol.82 , pp. 186-192
    • Johnson, E.J.1    Best, L.B.2    Heagy, P.A.3
  • 24
    • 0033863905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nestling tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) diets in an upland old field in western Michigan
    • Johnson ME and Lombardo MP. 2000. Nestling tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) diets in an upland old field in western Michigan. Am Midl Nat 144:216-9
    • (2000) Am Midl Nat , vol.144 , pp. 216-219
    • Johnson, M.E.1    Lombardo, M.P.2
  • 25
    • 0027447703 scopus 로고
    • 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in tissues of birds at Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
    • Jones PD, Giesy JP, Newsted JL, et al. 1993. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin equivalents in tissues of birds at Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 24:345-54
    • (1993) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.24 , pp. 345-354
    • Jones, P.D.1    Giesy, J.P.2    Newsted, J.L.3
  • 27
    • 0024477027 scopus 로고
    • Persistency of highly toxic coplanar PCBs in aquatic ecosystems: Uptake and release kinetics of coplanar PCBs in green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis Linnaeus)
    • Kannan N, Tanabe S, and Tatsukawa R. 1989. Persistency of highly toxic coplanar PCBs in aquatic ecosystems: Uptake and release kinetics of coplanar PCBs in green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis Linnaeus). Environ Poll 56:65-76
    • (1989) Environ Poll , vol.56 , pp. 65-76
    • Kannan, N.1    Tanabe, S.2    Tatsukawa, R.3
  • 28
    • 23844520923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential accumulation of PCB congeners in the aquatic food web at the Kalamazoo River Superfund Site, Michigan, USA
    • Kay DP, Blankenship AL, Neigh AM, et al. 2005. Differential accumulation of PCB congeners in the aquatic food web at the Kalamazoo River Superfund Site, Michigan, USA. Environ Sci Technol 39:5964-74
    • (2005) Environ Sci Technol , vol.39 , pp. 5964-5974
    • Kay, D.P.1    Blankenship, A.L.2    Neigh, A.M.3
  • 29
    • 0006223823 scopus 로고
    • Life history studies of the tree swallow
    • Kuerzi RG. 1941. Life history studies of the tree swallow. Proc Linn Soc NY 52-53:1-52
    • (1941) Proc Linn Soc NY , vol.52-53 , pp. 1-52
    • Kuerzi, R.G.1
  • 30
    • 0027799733 scopus 로고
    • Caspian tern reproduction in the Saginaw Bay ecosystem following a 100-Year flood event
    • Ludwig JP, Auman HJ, Kurita H, et al. 1993. Caspian tern reproduction in the Saginaw Bay ecosystem following a 100-Year flood event. J Great Lakes Res 19:96-108
    • (1993) J Great Lakes Res , vol.19 , pp. 96-108
    • Ludwig, J.P.1    Auman, H.J.2    Kurita, H.3
  • 31
    • 0001679715 scopus 로고
    • Grit ingestion by nestling tree swallows and house wrens
    • Mayoh KR and Zach R. 1986. Grit ingestion by nestling tree swallows and house wrens. Can J Zool 64:2090-3
    • (1986) Can J Zool , vol.64 , pp. 2090-2093
    • Mayoh, K.R.1    Zach, R.2
  • 32
    • 0030947797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aquatic community characteristics influence the foraging patterns of tree swallows
    • McCarty JP. 1997. Aquatic community characteristics influence the foraging patterns of tree swallows. Condor 99:210-3
    • (1997) Condor , vol.99 , pp. 210-213
    • McCarty, J.P.1
  • 33
    • 0036002354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The number of visits to the nest by parents is an accurate measure of food delivered to nestlings in tree swallows
    • McCarty JP. 2002. The number of visits to the nest by parents is an accurate measure of food delivered to nestlings in tree swallows. J Field Ornithol 73:9-14
    • (2002) J Field Ornithol , vol.73 , pp. 9-14
    • McCarty, J.P.1
  • 34
    • 0033054680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive ecology of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) with high levels of polychlorinated biphenyl contamination
    • McCarty JP and Secord AL. 1999. Reproductive ecology of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) with high levels of polychlorinated biphenyl contamination. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:1433-9
    • (1999) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.18 , pp. 1433-1439
    • McCarty, J.P.1    Secord, A.L.2
  • 35
    • 0032891727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging ecology and diet selectivity of tree swallows feeding nestlings
    • McCarty JP and Winkler DW. 1999. Foraging ecology and diet selectivity of tree swallows feeding nestlings. Condor 101:246-54
    • (1999) Condor , vol.101 , pp. 246-254
    • McCarty, J.P.1    Winkler, D.W.2
  • 36
    • 33748543180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allied Paper, Inc., Portage Creek, Kalamazoo River Superfund Site. Report April 2003. 1-6-12. Prepared by Camp, Dresser, and McKee for Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Remediation and Development Division, Lansing, MI, USA
    • MDEQ (Michigan Department of Environmental Quality). 2003. Final (Revised) Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment, Allied Paper, Inc., Portage Creek, Kalamazoo River Superfund Site. Report April 2003. 1-6-12. Prepared by Camp, Dresser, and McKee for Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Remediation and Development Division, Lansing, MI, USA
    • (2003) Final (Revised) Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment
  • 37
    • 31344451691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls at the Kalamazoo River Superfund Site
    • Neigh AM, Zwiernik MJ, Bradley PW, et al. 2006a. Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls at the Kalamazoo River Superfund Site. Environ Toxicol Chem 25:428-37
    • (2006) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.25 , pp. 428-437
    • Neigh, A.M.1    Zwiernik, M.J.2    Bradley, P.W.3
  • 38
    • 33746564759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from floodplain soils by passerine birds
    • Neigh AM, Zwiernik MJ, Bradley PW, et al. 2006b. Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from floodplain soils by passerine birds. Environ Toxicol Chem 25:1503-11
    • (2006) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.25 , pp. 1503-1511
    • Neigh, A.M.1    Zwiernik, M.J.2    Bradley, P.W.3
  • 39
    • 32344435183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Productivity of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) exposed to PCBs at the Kalamazoo River Superfund Site
    • Neigh AM, Zwiernik MJ, MacCarroll MA, et al. 2006c. Productivity of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) exposed to PCBs at the Kalamazoo River Superfund Site. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 69:395-415
    • (2006) J Toxicol Environ Health Part A , vol.69 , pp. 395-415
    • Neigh, A.M.1    Zwiernik, M.J.2    MacCarroll, M.A.3
  • 40
    • 33748572202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive success of passerines exposed to PCBs through the terrestrial food web of the Kalamazoo River
    • submitted
    • Neigh AM, Zwiernik MJ, Joldersma CA, et al. 2006d. Reproductive success of passerines exposed to PCBs through the terrestrial food web of the Kalamazoo River. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety (submitted)
    • (2006) Ecotoxicol Environ Safety
    • Neigh, A.M.1    Zwiernik, M.J.2    Joldersma, C.A.3
  • 41
    • 0026566368 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity and reproductive effects of 2,3,7,8 -tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in ring-necked pheasant hens
    • Nosek JA, Craven SR, Sullivan JR, et al. 1992. Toxicity and reproductive effects of 2,3,7,8 -tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in ring-necked pheasant hens. J Toxicol Environ Health 35:187-98
    • (1992) J Toxicol Environ Health , vol.35 , pp. 187-198
    • Nosek, J.A.1    Craven, S.R.2    Sullivan, J.R.3
  • 42
    • 0011754814 scopus 로고
    • Feeding of nestling and fledgling eastern bluebird
    • Pinkowski BC. 1978. Feeding of nestling and fledgling eastern bluebird. Wilson Bull 90:84-98
    • (1978) Wilson Bull , vol.90 , pp. 84-98
    • Pinkowski, B.C.1
  • 43
    • 0022171591 scopus 로고
    • Prey size selection by tree swallows
    • Quinney TE and Ankney CD. 1985. Prey size selection by tree swallows. Auk 102:245-50
    • (1985) Auk , vol.102 , pp. 245-250
    • Quinney, T.E.1    Ankney, C.D.2
  • 44
    • 0001043287 scopus 로고
    • Influence of forest edge on nest-site selection by tree swallows
    • Rendell WB and Robertson RJ. 1990. Influence of forest edge on nest-site selection by tree swallows. Wilson Bull 102:634-44
    • (1990) Wilson Bull , vol.102 , pp. 634-644
    • Rendell, W.B.1    Robertson, R.J.2
  • 46
    • 0027837105 scopus 로고
    • The reproductive success of tree swallows nesting near experimentally acidified lakes in northwestern Ontario
    • St. Louis VL and Barlow JC. 1993. The reproductive success of tree swallows nesting near experimentally acidified lakes in northwestern Ontario. Can J Zool 71:1090-7
    • (1993) Can J Zool , vol.71 , pp. 1090-1097
    • St. Louis, V.L.1    Barlow, J.C.2
  • 47
    • 0026491222 scopus 로고
    • Live mass, water content, nitrogen and mineral levels in some insects from south-central lower Michigan
    • Studier EH and Sevick SH. 1992. Live mass, water content, nitrogen and mineral levels in some insects from south-central lower Michigan. Comp Biochem Physiol 103A:579-95
    • (1992) Comp Biochem Physiol , vol.103 A , pp. 579-595
    • Studier, E.H.1    Sevick, S.H.2
  • 48
    • 33748562451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the Effects of Dioxin-Contaminated Sludges on Wild Birds
    • Thiel DA, Martin SG, Duncan JW, et al. 1997. Evaluation of the Effects of Dioxin-Contaminated Sludges on Wild Birds. Proc TAPPI Env Conf 94-9
    • (1997) Proc TAPPI Env Conf , pp. 94-99
    • Thiel, D.A.1    Martin, S.G.2    Duncan, J.W.3
  • 49
    • 33748580940 scopus 로고
    • EPA/600/R-93/187B. Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, USA
    • USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 1993. Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook Volumes I, II, and III. EPA/600/R-93/187B. Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, USA
    • (1993) Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook Volumes I, II, and III , vol.1-3
  • 51
    • 0003672077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Environmental Reassessment, Washington, DC, USA
    • USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 1998. Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment. EPA/630/R-95/002F. National Center for Environmental Reassessment, Washington, DC, USA
    • (1998) Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment. EPA/630/R-95/002F
  • 52
    • 33748567061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prepared for USEPA Region 2 and USACE, Kansas City District by von Stackelberg K, Driscoll SB, Menzie C at Menzie-Cura & Associates, Inc., and TAMS Consultants, Inc. December 2000
    • USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 2000. Further Site Characterization and Analysis, Revised Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment, Hudson River PCBs Reassessment RI/FS Volume 2E. Prepared for USEPA Region 2 and USACE, Kansas City District by von Stackelberg K, Driscoll SB, Menzie C at Menzie-Cura & Associates, Inc., and TAMS Consultants, Inc. December 2000
    • (2000) Further Site Characterization and Analysis, Revised Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment, Hudson River PCBs Reassessment RI/FS Volume 2E , vol.2 E
  • 53
    • 0032449610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife
    • van den Berg M, Birnbaum L, Bosveld ATC, et al. 1998. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife. Environ Health Perspect 106:775-92
    • (1998) Environ Health Perspect , vol.106 , pp. 775-792
    • Van Den Berg, M.1    Birnbaum, L.2    Bosveld, A.T.C.3
  • 54
    • 0000679705 scopus 로고
    • The diet of American robins: An analysis of U.S. Biological Survey records
    • Wheelwright NT. 1986. The diet of American robins: An analysis of U.S. Biological Survey records. Auk 103:710-25
    • (1986) Auk , vol.103 , pp. 710-725
    • Wheelwright, N.T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.