The security imperative in counterterror operations: The Israeli fight against suicidal terror

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 17, Issue 1-2, 2005, Pages 245-264

  Catignani, Sergio ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 32144455936     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546550490520718     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. R. Kennedy, 'Is One Person's Terrorist Another's Freedom Fighter? Western and Islamic Approaches to 'Just War' Compared', Terrorism and Political Violence 11/1 (1999) p.4.
2. A. P. Schmid and A. J. Jongman, Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Concepts, Theories, Data Bases and Literature (New Brunswick: Transaction Books 1988) p.3.
3. A. R. Norton, 'Drawing the Line on Opprobrious Violence', Ethics & International Affairs 4 (1990) p. 124.
4. US Department of State, Office of the Ambassador-at-Large for Counterterrorism, Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1985 (Washington DC: Government Printing Office 1986), inside cover.
5. J. Scheuer, 'Moral Dimensions of Terrorism', Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 14/1 (1990) p.146.
6. L. Freedman et al., Terrorism and International Order (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1986) p.18.
7. L. Freedman et al., Terrorism and International Order(1986), Ibid., p.8.
8. S/RES/1456-20 Jan. 2003.
9. M. Hofnung, 'States of Emergency and Ethnic Conflict in Liberal Democracies: Great Britain and Israel', Terrorism and Political Violence 6/3 (1994) p.345.
10. C. C. Harmon, 'Terrorism: A Matter for Moral Judgement', Terrorism and Political Violence 4/1 (1992) p.3.
11. R. M. Beitler, 'The Intifada: Palestinian Adaptation to Israeli Counterinsurgency Tactics', Terrorism and Political Violence 7/2 (1995) p.65.
12. J. R. White, Terrorism: An Introduction (Pacific Grove, CA; Brooks/Cole Publishing Company 1991) p. 116.
13. Scheur (note 5) p.151.
14. Ibid., p.148.
15. Schmid and Jongman (note 2) p.17.
16. United Nations General Assembly Resolution 49/60, Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism, 17 Feb. 1995.
17. Y. Alexander, 'Democracy and Terrorism: Threats and Responses', in Y. Dinstein (ed), Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, No. 26 (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 1997) p.257.
18. Scheuer (note 5) p.148.
19. B. T. Wilkins, Terrorism and Collective Responsibility (London: Routledge 1992) p.9.
20. Norton (note 3) p.124.
21. That is, the West Bank and Gaza.
22. G. E. Rothenberg, 'Israeli Defence Forces and Low-Intensity Operations', in D. A. Charters and M. Tugwell (eds), Armies in Low-Intensity Conflict: A Comparative Analysis (London: Brassey's Defence Publishers 1989) p.56.
23. M. Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars (New York: Basic Books 1977) p.216.
24. Rothenberg (note 22) Israeli Defence p.56.
25. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, 'Rabin Addresses Knesset on Terrorism', Tel Aviv IDF Radio, 1404 GMT, 21 Oct. 1985 p.16.
26. M. Eisenstadt, 'Special Operations against Terrorism: The Israeli Approach', in Barry Rubin (ed), Terrorism and Politics (London: MacMillan 1991) pp.23-39.
27. M. Eisenstadt, 'Special Operations against Terrorism: The Israeli Approach', Terrorism and Politics (1991), Ibid., p.36.
28. D. Rodman, 'Combined Arms Warfare in the Israel Defence Forces: An Historical Overview', Defence Studies 2/1 (Spring 2002) p.123.
29. These branches are: 1) the General Security Service (GSS - Shabak in Hebrew), 2) the IDF Intelligence Branch (A'man in Hebrew) and 3) the MOSSAD, the Israeli intelligence agency.
30. S. Reeve, One Day in September: The Story of the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre (London: Faber 2000).
31. C. Dobson and R. Payne, Terror! The West Fights Back (London: MacMillan 1982) p.100.
32. Y. Peri, 'Coexistence or Hegemony? Shifts in the Israeli Security Concept', in D. Caspi, A. Diskin, and E. Gutmann (eds), The Roots of Begin's Success: The 1981 Israeli Elections (London: Croom, Helm, 1984) p.206.
33. W. V. O'Brien, Law and Morality in Israel's War with the PLO (London: Routledge 1991) p.16.
34. D. Horowitz, 'The Israeli Concept of National Security', in A. Yaniv (ed), National Security and Democracy in Israel (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers 1993).
35. I. Rabinovich, Waging Peace: Israel and the Arabs at the End of the Century (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux 1999);
36. U. Savir, The Process: 1,100 Days That Changed the Middle East (New York: Vintage Books 1999);
37. and W. B. Quandt, Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict Since 1967 (Berkeley: University of California Press 2001).
38. On 2 March 2001, Pakistani an Authority communications minister Imad Falouji declared that the Al-Aqsa intifada 'had been planned since Chairman Arafat's return from Camp David' (i.e., July 2000, two months prior to Sharon's visit). Quoted from 'Intelligence Briefs: Israel/Palestinians', Middle East Intelligence Bulletin 3/3 (March 2001) http://www.meib. org/articles/0103_ipb. htm
39. Lt.-Col J. D. H. (Anonymous), 'Why Peace Failed: An Intelligence Assessment of Palestinian Motives', The Review 28/1 (Jan. 2003) p.12.
40. B. Ganor, 'Israel's Counter-Terrorism Policy: 1983-1999, Efficacy versus Liberal Democratic Values', 15 Sep. The International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, http://www.ict.org.il/articles/articledet.cfm?articlesid =447
41. A. Harel, 'Shin Bet: 145 Suicide Bombers Since the Start of the Intifada', Ha'aretz 1 Oct. 2002.
42. J. Sinai, 'Intifada Drives Both Sides to Radical Arms', Jane's Intelligence Review 13/5 (May 2001) p.33.
43. D. Eshel, 'The Al-Aqsa Intifada: Tactics and Strategies', Jane's Intelligence Review 13/5 (May 2001 ) p.37.
44. 'Sharon Equates Intifada and Terror', The Middle East Reporter 101/1171 (15 Dec. 2001) p.10.
45. A. Arian, Israeli National Public Opinion on National Security 2002, Memorandum No. 61 (Tel Aviv: Jaffee Centre for Strategic Studies 2002) pp.13, 35.
46. S. Rodan, 'Interview: Maj. Gen. Dan Halutz, Commander-In-Chief of the Israel Air Force', Jane's Defence Weekly 37/3 (16 Jan. 2002) p.32.
47. A. Harel, 'Top IDF Officer Admits "Exaggerated" Force in Rafah Shelling Incident', Ha'aretz 30 Oct. 2002.
48. B. Ben-Eliezer, 'Israeli Defence Policy: Responding to Challenges Near and Far', Peacewatch 364 (12 Feb. 2002) http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/ watch/Peacewatch/peacewatch2002/364.htm
49. M. A. Heller, 'Operation "Defensive Wall": A Change in Israeli Strategy?', Tel Aviv Notes 34 (4 April 2002) p.1.
50. S. Mofaz, The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: What Next?', (13 Sep. 2002), The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, http://www.washingtoninstitute. org/pubs/speakers/mofaz.htm
51. M. Yaalon, 'Press Release of the Third Herzliya Conference on the Balance of Israel's National Security', Herzliya, 3 December 2002.
52. Shlomo Brom, 'Operation "Defensive Shield": An Interim Assessment', Tel Aviv Notes 35 (11 April 2002) p.1.
53. J. Lis and B. Kra, 'Officers Defend "Human Shield" Practice', Ha'aretz 16 Aug. 2002.
54. A. Ayalon, in R. B. Satloff (ed), 'Fighting Terrorism - Lessons from, the Front Lines', War on Terror: The Middle East Dimension (Washington DC.: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 2002) p.4.
55. Z. Schiff, 'Thwarting Suicide Missions Is Not Enough', Ha'aretz 6 March 2003.
56. G. Alon, '150 Would-Be Bombers Nabbed During Intifada', Ha'aretz 30 April 2003.
57. R. Hazut, The Palestinians Are an Existential Threat: Iraq Is Not', Yedioth Ahronoth 23 Aug. 2002: Israel Resource Review, http://israelvisit.co.il/ cgi-bin/friendly.pl?url = Aug - 23-02!IDF
58. M. Levitt and S. Wikas, 'Defensive Shield Counter-Terrorism Accomplishments', Peacewatch 377 (17 April 2002) http://www.washingtoninstitute. org/watch/Peacewatch/peacewatch2002/377.htm
59. C. B. Glick, 'Sharon: No Military Solution to the War With the Palestinians', Jerusalem Post 26 Sept. 2002.
60. For extensive reports on Israeli (and Palestinian) human rights violations see http://www.btselem.org/and http://web.amnesty.org/library/eng- isr/index
61. B. Ganor, 'Israeli Counterterrorist Activity', The International Policy Institute for Counterterrorism 5 July 2003. http://www.ict.org.il/counter_ter/ Is_ct.htm.
62. See also G. Luft, The Logic of Israel's Targeted Killing', Middle East Forum 18 Feb. 2004, http://www.meforum.org/pf.php?id = 515
63. J. Chait, 'Exploding Myths', The Review 27/6 (June 2002) p.12.
64. J. Chait, 'Exploding Myths', The Review 27/6 (2002) p.12., Ibid.
65. UN security council press release SC/7523 (4 Oct. 2002) http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2002/sgsm8417.doc.htm
66. D. Izenberg, 'IDF Teil Knesset Committee It Probes Human Rights Allegations', Jerusalem Post 22 June 2003.
67. A. Benn, 'A-G Urges Sharon to Only Use Targeted Killings as Last Resort', Ha'aretz 30 Dec. 2002.
68. D. Izenberg, 'Knesset Committee to Monitor Soldiers' Behaviour at Roadblocks', Jerusalem Post 7 July 2003.
69. B. Opall-Rome, 'Israel Tests Anti-Sniper System in Combat', Defence News 15/21 (July 2002) p.34.
70. Army Technology, http://www.army-technology.com/contractors/machine_guns/ corner_shot
71. For a detailed account of the IDF Code of Conduct see Amos Guiora, 'Balancing IDF Checkpoints and International Law: Teaching the IDF Code of Conduct', Jerusalem Issue Brief 3/8 (19 Nov. 2003) http://www.jcpa.org/brief/ brief3-8.htm
72. L. Freedman, 'The Coming War on Terrorism', in L. Freedman (ed), Superterrorism: Policy Responses (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing 2002) p.48.