The social, professional, and legal framework for the problem of pain management in emergency medicine

Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics

Volumn 33, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 741-760

  Johnson, Sandra H ^a,b  

^a Center for Health Law Studies   (United States)

^b SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT;

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS; CONFERENCE PAPER; DRUG CONTROL; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT AND ACTIVE LABOR ACT 1986; ETHICS; HEALTH CARE AND PUBLIC HEALTH; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; ORGANIZATION; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PAIN; PATIENT RIGHT; UNITED STATES;

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS; EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT AND ACTIVE LABOR ACT 1986; HEALTH CARE AND PUBLIC HEALTH;

ANALGESICS, OPIOID; DRUG AND NARCOTIC CONTROL; EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; HUMANS; ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE; PAIN; PATIENT RIGHTS; QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 32144452383     PISSN: 10731105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2005.tb00541.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (209)

1. See, e.g., House Resolution 1020, introduced on March 1, 2005, "to declare adequate pain care research, education, and treatment as national public health priorities," at 〈http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/D?d109: 3:./temp/~bdU0Um〉 (last visited October 21, 2005);
2. National Medical Association Panel Says Untreated Pain is a Public Health Crisis for Minorities at 〈http://www. exodusnews.com/HEALTH/Health036. htm〉 (last visited September 26, 2005).
3. G. R. Hansen, "Management of Chronic Pain in the Acute Care Setting," Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 23, no. 2 (2005): 307-38, at 318.
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5. J. Ducharme, "The Future of Pain Management in Emergency Medicine," Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 23 (2005): 467-475;
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7. B. Hinline, "Chronic Pain: Physiological, Diagnostic, and Management Considerations," Psychiatry Clinic North America 28, no. 3 (2005): 715-735;
8. L. L. Lawrence, "Legal Issues in Pain Management: Striking the Balance," Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 23, no. 2 (2005): 573-84;
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10. S. C. Eder, E. P. Sloan, K. Todd, "Documentation of ED Patient Pain by Nurses and Physicians," American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2 (2003): 253;
11. W. H. Cordell, K. K. Keene, B. K. Giles, et al, "The High Prevalence of Pain in Emergency Medical Care," American Journal of Emergency Medicine 20, no. 3 (2002): 1654-1659;
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32. K. H. Todd, C. Deaton, A. P. D'Adamo, et al, "Ethnicity and Analgesia Practice," Annals of Emergency Medicine 35 (2000): 11. These findings were not always repeated in other EDs.
33. See, for example, M. L. Neighbor, S. Honner, M. A. Kohn, "Factors Affecting Emergency Department Opioid Administration to Severely Injured Patients," Academic Emergency Medicine 11, no. 12 (2004): 1290-1296.
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41. D. E. Fosnocht, E. R. Swanson, E. D. Barton, "Changing Attitudes About Pain and Pain Control in Emergency Medicine," Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 23 (2005): 297-306, at 299, documenting a 400% increase in the number of articles published between 1996 and 2003.
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55. D. E. Fosnocht, E. R. Swanson, E. D. Barton, "Changing Attitudes About Pain and Pain Control in Emergency Medicine," Emergency Medical Clinics of North America 23 (2005): 297-306, at 301.
56. M. L. Neighbor, S. Honner, M. A. Kohn, "Factors Affecting Emergency Department Opioid Administration to Severely Injured Patients," Academic Emergency Medicine 11, no. 12 (2004): 1290-1296, at 1292.
57. E. D. Fosnocht, E. R. Swanson, P. Bossart, "Patient Expectations for Pain Medication Delivery," American Journal of Emergency Medicine 19, no. 5 (2001): 399-402, reporting that patients' expected to receive their first administration of pain medication on average within 23 minutes of arrival while the actual time to administration was 78 minutes.
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60. Fonsnocht, "Changing Attitudes About Pain and Pain Control in Emergency Medicine," Emergency Medical Clinics of North America 23 (2005): 297-306;
61. L. L. Lawrence, "Legal Issues in Pain Management: Striking the Balance," Emergency Medical Clinics of North America 23 (2005): 573-584;
62. J. Ducharme, "The Future of Pain Management in Emergency Medicine," Emergency Medical Clinics of North America 23 (2005): 467-475;
63. J. G. McManus and D. R. Sallee, "Pain Management in the Prehospital Environment," Emergency Medical Clinics of North America 23 (2005): 415-431.
64. Id.
65. E. D. Fosnocht, E. R. Swanson, P. Bossart, "Patient Expectations for Pain Medication Delivery," American Journal of Emergency Medicine 19, no. 5 (2001): 399-402, reporting that patients' expected to receive their first administration of pain medication on average within 23 minutes of arrival while the actual time to administration was 78 minutes.
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77. Id.
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89. 21 C.F.R. § 50.24 (2005).
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149. J. Ducharme, "Acute Pain and Pain Control: State of the Art," Annals of Emergency Medicine 35 (2000): 592-603.
150. American College of Emergency Physicians, "Clinical Policy for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in the Emergency Department," Annals of Emergency Medicine 31 (1998): 663-677.
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158. American College of Emergency Physicians, Policy on Non-Beneficial ("Futile") Emergency Medical Interventions, October 2002, available at 〈http://www.acep. org/webportal/PracticeResources/PolicyStatements/Ethics/ Non beneficialFutileEMInterventions.htm〉 (last visited Septmeber 26, 2005).
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162. Canterbury v. Spence, 464 F.2d 772 (D.C. App. 1972).
163. Miller v. Rhode Island Hosp., 625 A.2d 778 (RI, 1993);
164. Shine v. Vega, 709 N.E.2d 58 (MA, 1999).
165. Wright v. John Hopkins Health System Corp., 728 A.2d 166 (MD, 1999).
166. Anderson v. St. Francis-St. George Hosp., 614 N.E.2d 841 (OH, App. 1992).
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172. Burroughs v. Magee, 118 S.W.3d 323 (TN, 2003);
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177. American College of Emergency Physicians, "Clinical Policy for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in the Emergency Department," Annals of Emergency Medicine 31 (1998): 663-677.
178. 42 U.S.C.A. § 1395dd (2003).
179. General Accounting Office, EMTALA Implementation and Enforcement Issues. GAO-01-747 (2001);
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182. 42 U.S.C.A. § 1395dd(e)(1)(A) (2003).
183. 42 U.S.C.A. § 1395dd(e)(3)(A) (2003).
184. 21 U.S.C. s 801 et seq.
185. J. Ducharme, "Acute Pain and Pain Control: State of the Art," Annals of Emergency Medicine 35 (2000): 592-603;
186. T. Rupp, K. A. Delaney, "Inadequate Analgesia in Emergency Medicine," Annals of Emergency Medicine 43 (2004): 494.
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193. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ehics Id. at 17.
194. 11 BNA Health Law Reporter 1222.
195. Gonzales v. Raich, 125 S.Ct. 2195 (2005).
196. Gonzales v. Raich, 125 S.Ct. 2195 (2005);
197. Gonzales v. Oregon, 368 F.3d 1118.
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200. See generally, K. F. Lee, "Palliative Care: Good Legal Defense," Surgery Clinics of North America 85 (2005): 287-302;
201. N. S. Miller, "Prescription Opiate Medications: Medical Uses and Consequences, Laws and Controls," Psychiatry Clinics of North America 27 (2004): 689-708.
202. Fonsnocht, "Changing Attitudes about Pain and Pain Control in Emergency Medicine," Emergency Medical Clinics of North America 23 (2005): 297-306;
203. L. L. Lawrence, "Legal Issues in Pain Management: Striking the Balance," Emergency Medical Clinics of North America 23 (2005): 573-584;
204. J. Ducharme, "The Future of Pain Management in Emergency Medicine," Emergency Medical Clinics of North America 23 (2005): 467-475;
205. J. G. McManus and D. R. Sallee, "Pain Management in the Prehospital Environment," Emergency Medical Clinics of North America 23 (2005): 415-431.
206. L. L. Lawrence, "Legal Issues in Pain Management: Striking the Balance," Emergency Medical Clinics of North America 23 (2005): 573-584.
207. The Myth of the Chilling Effect, available at 〈http://www. usdoj.gov/dea/pubs/pressrel/pr103003.html〉 (last visited September 19, 2005).
208. 69 Fed. Reg. 67,170-01.
209. National Association of Attorney's General, "Letter from the National Association of Attorney's General to the Drug Enforcement Administration Regarding DEA Withdrawal of Pain Management Prescription Guidelines," available at 〈http://www. naag.org/news/pdf/so-20050119- prescription-pain-med.pdf〉 (last visited September 19, 2005).