메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 81, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 1-31

Using experimental manipulation to assess the roles of leaf litter in the functioning of forest ecosystems

Author keywords

Carbon cycle; Forests; Leaf litter; Litter manipulation; Microclimate; Mycorrhizal fungi; Nutrient cycle; Plant growth; Seedling emergence; Soil fauna

Indexed keywords

CARBON; MINERAL; NITROGEN; ORGANIC MATTER; PHOSPHORUS; SOIL WATER;

EID: 32144449028     PISSN: 14647931     EISSN: 1469185X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1464793105006846     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (604)

References (168)
  • 1
    • 0030304890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of perennials: Are there general patterns?
    • AERTS, R. (1996). Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of perennials: are there general patterns? Journal of Ecology 84, 597-608.
    • (1996) Journal of Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 597-608
    • Aerts, R.1
  • 3
    • 0001121267 scopus 로고
    • A physiological method for quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils
    • ANDERSON, J. P. E. & DOMSCH, K. H. (1978). A physiological method for quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 29, 1133-1142.
    • (1978) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.29 , pp. 1133-1142
    • Anderson, J.P.E.1    Domsch, K.H.2
  • 4
    • 0000825825 scopus 로고
    • Experimental modifications of litter supplies in a forest mull and reaction of the nematode fauna
    • ARPIN, P., PONGE, J. F. & VANNIER, G. (1995). Experimental modifications of litter supplies in a forest mull and reaction of the nematode fauna. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 18, 371-389.
    • (1995) Fundamental and Applied Nematology , vol.18 , pp. 371-389
    • Arpin, P.1    Ponge, J.F.2    Vannier, G.3
  • 5
    • 0029528378 scopus 로고
    • Effects of manipulation of litter and humus layers on ectomycorrhizal colonization potential of Scots pine stands of different age
    • BAAR, J. & DE VRIES, B. W. L. (1995). Effects of manipulation of litter and humus layers on ectomycorrhizal colonization potential of Scots pine stands of different age. Mycorrhiza 5, 267-272.
    • (1995) Mycorrhiza , vol.5 , pp. 267-272
    • Baar, J.1    De Vries, B.W.L.2
  • 6
    • 0027885416 scopus 로고
    • Litter removal in forests and effect on mycorrhizal fungi
    • eds. D. N. Pegler, L. Boddy, B. Ing and P. M. Kirk, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
    • BAAR, J. & KUYPER, T. W. (1993). Litter removal in forests and effect on mycorrhizal fungi. In Fungi of Europe: Investigation, Recording and Conservation (eds. D. N. Pegler, L. Boddy, B. Ing and P. M. Kirk), pp. 275-286. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
    • (1993) Fungi of Europe: Investigation, Recording and Conservation , pp. 275-286
    • Baar, J.1    Kuyper, T.W.2
  • 7
    • 0032457116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration of aboveground ectomycorrhizal flora in stands of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) in the Netherlands by removal of litter and humus
    • BAAR, J. & KUYPER, T. W. (1998). Restoration of aboveground ectomycorrhizal flora in stands of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) in the Netherlands by removal of litter and humus. Restoration Ecology 6, 227-237.
    • (1998) Restoration Ecology , vol.6 , pp. 227-237
    • Baar, J.1    Kuyper, T.W.2
  • 8
    • 0028166063 scopus 로고
    • Spatial distribution of Laccaria bicolor genets reflected by sporocarps after removal of litter and humus layers in a Pinus sylvestris forest
    • BAAR, J., OZINGA, W. A. & KUYPER, T. W. (1994a). Spatial distribution of Laccaria bicolor genets reflected by sporocarps after removal of litter and humus layers in a Pinus sylvestris forest. Mycological Research 98, 726-728.
    • (1994) Mycological Research , vol.98 , pp. 726-728
    • Baar, J.1    Ozinga, W.A.2    Kuyper, T.W.3
  • 9
    • 0028166061 scopus 로고
    • Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of needle litter and grass extracts on the growth of some ectomycorrhizal fungi
    • BAAR, J., OZINGA, W. A., SWEERS, I. L. & KUYPER, T. W. (1994b). Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of needle litter and grass extracts on the growth of some ectomycorrhizal fungi. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26, 1073-1079.
    • (1994) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.26 , pp. 1073-1079
    • Baar, J.1    Ozinga, W.A.2    Sweers, I.L.3    Kuyper, T.W.4
  • 10
    • 0002409489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectomycorrhizal sporocarp occurrence as affected by manipulation of litter and humus layers in Scots pine stands of different age
    • BAAR, J. & TER BRAAK, C. J. F. (1996). Ectomycorrhizal sporocarp occurrence as affected by manipulation of litter and humus layers in Scots pine stands of different age. Applied Soil Ecology 4, 61-73.
    • (1996) Applied Soil Ecology , vol.4 , pp. 61-73
    • Baar, J.1    Ter Braak, C.J.F.2
  • 11
    • 0000495138 scopus 로고
    • Influence of forest litter on the germination and early survival of chestnut oak, Quercus montana, Willd.
    • BARRETT, L. I. (1931). Influence of forest litter on the germination and early survival of chestnut oak, Quercus montana, Willd. Ecology 12, 476-484.
    • (1931) Ecology , vol.12 , pp. 476-484
    • Barrett, L.I.1
  • 12
    • 0035173626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Casuarina pauper litter and grove soil on emergence and growth of understorey species in arid lands of South Australia
    • BARRITT, A. R. & FACELLI, J. M. (2001). Effects of Casuarina pauper litter and grove soil on emergence and growth of understorey species in arid lands of South Australia. Journal of Arid Environments 49, 569-579.
    • (2001) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.49 , pp. 569-579
    • Barritt, A.R.1    Facelli, J.M.2
  • 13
    • 0024226184 scopus 로고
    • Leaf litter effect on plant species composition of deciduous forest treefall pits
    • BEATTY, S. W. & SHOLES, O. D. V. (1988). Leaf litter effect on plant species composition of deciduous forest treefall pits. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, 553-559.
    • (1988) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.18 , pp. 553-559
    • Beatty, S.W.1    Sholes, O.D.V.2
  • 14
    • 0033499718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Litter cover variability affects seedling performance and herbivory
    • BENITEZ-MALVIDO, J. & KOSSMANN-FERRAZ, I. D. (1999). Litter cover variability affects seedling performance and herbivory. Biotropica 4, 598-606.
    • (1999) Biotropica , vol.4 , pp. 598-606
    • Benitez-Malvido, J.1    Kossmann-Ferraz, I.D.2
  • 15
    • 0027686721 scopus 로고
    • Soil loss as affected by different combinations of surface litter and rock
    • BENKOBI, L., TRLICA, M. J. & SMITH, J. L. (1993). Soil loss as affected by different combinations of surface litter and rock. Journal of Environmental Quality 22, 657-661.
    • (1993) Journal of Environmental Quality , vol.22 , pp. 657-661
    • Benkobi, L.1    Trlica, M.J.2    Smith, J.L.3
  • 16
    • 0033015019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of increased litter production for plant biodiversity
    • BERENDSE, F. (1999). Implications of increased litter production for plant biodiversity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14, 4-5.
    • (1999) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.14 , pp. 4-5
    • Berendse, F.1
  • 17
    • 0026481277 scopus 로고
    • Effects of litter quality and microarthropods on N-dynamics and retention of exogenous N-15 in decomposing litter
    • BLAIR, J. M., CROSSLEY, D. A. & CALLAHAM, L. C. (1992). Effects of litter quality and microarthropods on N-dynamics and retention of exogenous N-15 in decomposing litter. Biology and Fertility of Soils 12, 241-252.
    • (1992) Biology and Fertility of Soils , vol.12 , pp. 241-252
    • Blair, J.M.1    Crossley, D.A.2    Callaham, L.C.3
  • 18
    • 0026077048 scopus 로고
    • Foliar nutrient dynamics and nutrient-use efficiency of oak and pine on a low-fertility soil in Wisconsin
    • BOCKHEIM, J. G. & LEIDE, J. E. (1991). Foliar nutrient dynamics and nutrient-use efficiency of oak and pine on a low-fertility soil in Wisconsin. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, 925-934.
    • (1991) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.21 , pp. 925-934
    • Bockheim, J.G.1    Leide, J.E.2
  • 19
    • 0027802798 scopus 로고
    • Contributions of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and root respiration to total soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest
    • BOWDEN, R. D., NADELHOFEER, K. J., BOONE, R. D., MELILLO, J. M. & GARRISON, J. B. (1993). Contributions of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and root respiration to total soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, 1402-1407.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.23 , pp. 1402-1407
    • Bowden, R.D.1    Nadelhofeer, K.J.2    Boone, R.D.3    Melillo, J.M.4    Garrison, J.B.5
  • 21
    • 0141795481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrients obtained from leaf litter can improve the growth of dipterocarp seedlings
    • BREARLEY, F. Q., PRESS, M. C. & SCHOLES, J. D. (2003). Nutrients obtained from leaf litter can improve the growth of dipterocarp seedlings. New Phytologist 160, 101-110.
    • (2003) New Phytologist , vol.160 , pp. 101-110
    • Brearley, F.Q.1    Press, M.C.2    Scholes, J.D.3
  • 22
    • 0029528516 scopus 로고
    • Structure and organic matter dynamics of a human-impacted pine forest in a MAB reserve of subtropical China
    • BROWN, S., LENART, M. & MO, J. (1995). Structure and organic matter dynamics of a human-impacted pine forest in a MAB reserve of subtropical China. Biotropica 27, 276-289.
    • (1995) Biotropica , vol.27 , pp. 276-289
    • Brown, S.1    Lenart, M.2    Mo, J.3
  • 23
    • 0030804253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaf litter effects on seed and seedling predation of the palm Astrocaryum murumuru and the legume tree Diptryx micrantha in Amazonian forest
    • CINTRA, R. (1997). Leaf litter effects on seed and seedling predation of the palm Astrocaryum murumuru and the legume tree Diptryx micrantha in Amazonian forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 13, 709-725.
    • (1997) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 709-725
    • Cintra, R.1
  • 24
    • 0023507655 scopus 로고
    • Overlandflow production in a tropical rainforest catchment: The role of litter cover
    • COELHO NETTO, A. L. (1987). Overlandflow production in a tropical rainforest catchment: the role of litter cover. Catena 14, 213-231.
    • (1987) Catena , vol.14 , pp. 213-231
    • Coelho Netto, A.L.1
  • 25
    • 0029660494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the response of plant functional types to climatic change in tropical forests
    • CONDIT, R., HUBBELL, S. P. & FOSTER, R. B. (1996). Assessing the response of plant functional types to climatic change in tropical forests. Journal of Vegetation Science 7, 405-416.
    • (1996) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.7 , pp. 405-416
    • Condit, R.1    Hubbell, S.P.2    Foster, R.B.3
  • 26
    • 0038514105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization, tolerance, competition and seed-size variation within functional groups
    • COOMES, D. A. & GRUBB, P. J. (2003). Colonization, tolerance, competition and seed-size variation within functional groups. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18, 283-291.
    • (2003) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.18 , pp. 283-291
    • Coomes, D.A.1    Grubb, P.J.2
  • 27
    • 18744430706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of carbon and acid nitrogen mineralization in relation to stand type, stand age, and soil texture in the boreal mixed-wood
    • COTE, L., BROWN, S., PARE, D., FYLES, J. & BAUHUS, J. (2000). Dynamics of carbon and acid nitrogen mineralization in relation to stand type, stand age, and soil texture in the boreal mixed-wood. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32, 1079-1090.
    • (2000) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.32 , pp. 1079-1090
    • Cote, L.1    Brown, S.2    Pare, D.3    Fyles, J.4    Bauhus, J.5
  • 28
    • 0038155135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of litter addition on ectomycorrhizal associates of a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stand in Yellowstone National Park
    • CULLINGS, K. W., NEW, M. H., MAKHIJA, S. & PARKER, V. T. (2003). Effects of litter addition on ectomycorrhizal associates of a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stand in Yellowstone National Park. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, 3772-3776.
    • (2003) Applied and Environmental Microbiology , vol.69 , pp. 3772-3776
    • Cullings, K.W.1    New, M.H.2    Makhija, S.3    Parker, V.T.4
  • 29
    • 0029505420 scopus 로고
    • The effect of litter and soil disturbance on seed germination in upper montane rain forest, Jamaica
    • DALLING, J. W. (1995). The effect of litter and soil disturbance on seed germination in upper montane rain forest, Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Science, 31, 223-229.
    • (1995) Caribbean Journal of Science , vol.31 , pp. 223-229
    • Dalling, J.W.1
  • 30
    • 0026291142 scopus 로고
    • Reactions of the macrofauna of a forest mull to experimental perturbations of litter supply
    • DAVID, J.-F., PONGE, J. F., ARPIN, P. & VANNIER, G. (1991). Reactions of the macrofauna of a forest mull to experimental perturbations of litter supply. Oikos 61, 316-326.
    • (1991) Oikos , vol.61 , pp. 316-326
    • David, J.-F.1    Ponge, J.F.2    Arpin, P.3    Vannier, G.4
  • 32
    • 0028973818 scopus 로고
    • Partial restoration of fungal and plant species diversity by removal of litter and humus layers in stands of Scots pine in the Netherlands
    • DE VRIES, B. W. L., JANSEN, E., VAN DOBBEN, H. F. & KUYPER, T. W. (1995). Partial restoration of fungal and plant species diversity by removal of litter and humus layers in stands of Scots pine in the Netherlands. Biodiversity and Conservation 4, 156-164.
    • (1995) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.4 , pp. 156-164
    • De Vries, B.W.L.1    Jansen, E.2    Van Dobben, H.F.3    Kuyper, T.W.4
  • 34
    • 0036330966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of litter removal on species richness and acidification of a mixed oak-pine woodland
    • DZWONKO, Z. & GAWRONSKI, S. (2002 a). Effect of litter removal on species richness and acidification of a mixed oak-pine woodland. Biological Conservation 106, 389-398.
    • (2002) Biological Conservation , vol.106 , pp. 389-398
    • Dzwonko, Z.1    Gawronski, S.2
  • 35
    • 0036325694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of litter and weather on seedling recruitment in a mixed oak-pine woodland
    • DZWONKO, Z. & GAWRONSKI, S. (2002 b). Influence of litter and weather on seedling recruitment in a mixed oak-pine woodland. Annals of Botany 90, 245-251.
    • (2002) Annals of Botany , vol.90 , pp. 245-251
    • Dzwonko, Z.1    Gawronski, S.2
  • 37
    • 0001297532 scopus 로고
    • Carbon cycling in a mixed deciduous forest floor
    • EDWARDS, N. T. & HARRIS, W. F. (1977). Carbon cycling in a mixed deciduous forest floor. Ecology 58, 431-437.
    • (1977) Ecology , vol.58 , pp. 431-437
    • Edwards, N.T.1    Harris, W.F.2
  • 40
    • 0029138028 scopus 로고
    • Seedling recruitment in deciduous forest herbs: The effects of litter, soil chemistry and seed bank
    • ERIKSSON, O. (1995). Seedling recruitment in deciduous forest herbs: the effects of litter, soil chemistry and seed bank. Flora 190, 65-70.
    • (1995) Flora , vol.190 , pp. 65-70
    • Eriksson, O.1
  • 41
    • 0028161478 scopus 로고
    • Multiple indirect effects of plant litter affect the establishment of woody seedlings in old fields
    • FACELLI, J. M. (1994). Multiple indirect effects of plant litter affect the establishment of woody seedlings in old fields. Ecology 75, 1727-1735.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1727-1735
    • Facelli, J.M.1
  • 42
    • 0029803283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germination requirements and responses to leaf litter of four species of eucalypt
    • FACELLI, J. M. & LADD, B. (1996). Germination requirements and responses to leaf litter of four species of eucalypt. Oecologia 107, 441-445.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.107 , pp. 441-445
    • Facelli, J.M.1    Ladd, B.2
  • 43
    • 0026288327 scopus 로고
    • Indirect effects of litter on woody seedlings subject to herb competition
    • FACELLI, J. M. & PICKETT, S. T. A. (1991 a). Indirect effects of litter on woody seedlings subject to herb competition. Oikos 62, 129-138.
    • (1991) Oikos , vol.62 , pp. 129-138
    • Facelli, J.M.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 44
    • 0026268827 scopus 로고
    • Plant litter: It's dynamics and effects on plant community structure
    • FACELLI, J. M. & PICKETT, S. T. A. (1991 b). Plant litter: it's dynamics and effects on plant community structure. The Botanical Review 57, 1-32.
    • (1991) The Botanical Review , vol.57 , pp. 1-32
    • Facelli, J.M.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 45
    • 0025955155 scopus 로고
    • Plant litter: Light interception and effects on an old-field plant community
    • FACELLI, J. M. & PICKETT, S. T. A. (1991 c). Plant litter: light interception and effects on an old-field plant community. Ecology 72, 1024-1031.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 1024-1031
    • Facelli, J.M.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 46
    • 18044378222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment and growth of seedlings of Eucalyptus obliqua: Interactive effects of litter, water and pathogens
    • FACELLI, J. M., WILLIAMS, R., FRICKER, S. & LADD, B. (1999). Establishment and growth of seedlings of Eucalyptus obliqua: interactive effects of litter, water and pathogens. Australian Journal of Ecology 24, 484-494.
    • (1999) Australian Journal of Ecology , vol.24 , pp. 484-494
    • Facelli, J.M.1    Williams, R.2    Fricker, S.3    Ladd, B.4
  • 47
    • 0031667726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of early successional northern hardwood forests to changes in nutrient availability
    • FAHEY, T. J., BATTLES, J. J. & WILSON, G. F. (1998). Responses of early successional northern hardwood forests to changes in nutrient availability. Ecological Monographs 68, 183-212.
    • (1998) Ecological Monographs , vol.68 , pp. 183-212
    • Fahey, T.J.1    Battles, J.J.2    Wilson, G.F.3
  • 52
    • 0035043507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial biomass and nitrogen cycling responses to fertilization and litter removal in young northern hardwood forests
    • FISK, M. C. & FAHEY, T. J. (2001). Microbial biomass and nitrogen cycling responses to fertilization and litter removal in young northern hardwood forests. Biogeochemistry 53, 201-223.
    • (2001) Biogeochemistry , vol.53 , pp. 201-223
    • Fisk, M.C.1    Fahey, T.J.2
  • 53
    • 0038346093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The priming effect of organic matter: A question of microbial competition?
    • FONTAINE, S., MARIOTTI, A. & ABBADIE, L. (2003). The priming effect of organic matter: a question of microbial competition? Soil Biology and Biochemistry 35, 837-843.
    • (2003) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.35 , pp. 837-843
    • Fontaine, S.1    Mariotti, A.2    Abbadie, L.3
  • 55
    • 0024188357 scopus 로고
    • What is a safe site?: Neighbor, litter, germination date, and patch effects
    • FOWLER, N. L. (1988). What is a safe site?: neighbor, litter, germination date, and patch effects. Ecology 69, 947-961.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 947-961
    • Fowler, N.L.1
  • 56
    • 0344962419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pine forest floor carbon accumulation in response to N and PK additions: Bomb C-14 modelling and respiration studies
    • FRANKLIN, O., HOGBERG, P., EKBLAD, A. & ÅGREN, G. I. (2003). Pine forest floor carbon accumulation in response to N and PK additions: bomb C-14 modelling and respiration studies. Ecosystems 6, 644-658.
    • (2003) Ecosystems , vol.6 , pp. 644-658
    • Franklin, O.1    Hogberg, P.2    Ekblad, A.3    Ågren, G.I.4
  • 57
    • 0038138162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Succession in old pastures of Central Amazonia: Role of soil fertility and plant litter
    • GANADE, G. & BROWN, V. K. (2002). Succession in old pastures of Central Amazonia: role of soil fertility and plant litter. Ecology 83, 743-754.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 743-754
    • Ganade, G.1    Brown, V.K.2
  • 59
    • 32144451714 scopus 로고
    • Streuversuchsflächen der badischen forstlichen Versuchsanstalt an der Universität Freiburg i. Br.
    • GANTER, K. (1927). Streuversuchsflächen der badischen forstlichen Versuchsanstalt an der Universität Freiburg i. Br. Allgemeine Forst und Jagdzeitung 103, 353-358.
    • (1927) Allgemeine Forst und Jagdzeitung , vol.103 , pp. 353-358
    • Ganter, K.1
  • 60
    • 0037369886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of litter on the incidence of leaf-fungal pathogens and herbivory in seedlings of the tropical tree Nectandra ambigens
    • GARCIA-GUZMAN, G. & BENITEZ-MALVIDO, J. (2003). Effect of litter on the incidence of leaf-fungal pathogens and herbivory in seedlings of the tropical tree Nectandra ambigens. Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, 171-177.
    • (2003) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.19 , pp. 171-177
    • Garcia-Guzman, G.1    Benitez-Malvido, J.2
  • 61
    • 0033007330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of organic litter on the erosive effects of raindrops and of gravity drops released from desert shrubs
    • GEDDES, N. & DUNKERLEY, D. (1999). The influence of organic litter on the erosive effects of raindrops and of gravity drops released from desert shrubs. Catena 36, 303-313.
    • (1999) Catena , vol.36 , pp. 303-313
    • Geddes, N.1    Dunkerley, D.2
  • 63
    • 0000218660 scopus 로고
    • Soil microarthropod abundance following old-field litter manipulation
    • GILL, R. W. (1969). Soil microarthropod abundance following old-field litter manipulation. Ecology 50, 805-816.
    • (1969) Ecology , vol.50 , pp. 805-816
    • Gill, R.W.1
  • 65
    • 0036401512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive significance of evergreen vs. deciduous leaves: Solving the triple paradox
    • GIVNISH, T. J. (2002). Adaptive significance of evergreen vs. deciduous leaves: solving the triple paradox. Silva Fennica 36, 703-743.
    • (2002) Silva Fennica , vol.36 , pp. 703-743
    • Givnish, T.J.1
  • 66
    • 34249924279 scopus 로고
    • The impact of historic land-use and modern forestry on nutrient relations of Central European forest Ecosystems
    • GLATZEL, G. (1991). The impact of historic land-use and modern forestry on nutrient relations of Central European forest Ecosystems. Fertilizer Research 27, 1-8.
    • (1991) Fertilizer Research , vol.27 , pp. 1-8
    • Glatzel, G.1
  • 67
    • 0020375201 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of evergreen and deciduous trees relative to soil type: An example from the Sierra Madre, Mexico, and a general model
    • GOLDBERG, D.E. (1982). The distribution of evergreen and deciduous trees relative to soil type: an example from the Sierra Madre, Mexico, and a general model. Ecology 63, 942-951.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 942-951
    • Goldberg, D.E.1
  • 68
    • 0036558976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N uptake and N status in ponderosa pine as affected by soil compaction and forest floor removal
    • GOMEZ, A. G., POWERS, R. F., SINGER, M. J. & HORWATH, W. R. (2002). N uptake and N status in ponderosa pine as affected by soil compaction and forest floor removal. Plant and Soil 242, 263-275.
    • (2002) Plant and Soil , vol.242 , pp. 263-275
    • Gomez, A.G.1    Powers, R.F.2    Singer, M.J.3    Horwath, W.R.4
  • 69
    • 0032728287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant and litter influences on earthworm abundance and community structure in a tropical wet forest
    • GONZALEZ, G. & ZOU, X. (1999). Plant and litter influences on earthworm abundance and community structure in a tropical wet forest. Biotropica 31, 486-493.
    • (1999) Biotropica , vol.31 , pp. 486-493
    • Gonzalez, G.1    Zou, X.2
  • 71
    • 0026363464 scopus 로고
    • Differential seedling response to litter after Hurricane Hugo in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
    • GUZMAN-GRAJALES, S. M. & WALKER, L. R. (1991). Differential seedling response to litter after Hurricane Hugo in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Biotropica 23, 407-413.
    • (1991) Biotropica , vol.23 , pp. 407-413
    • Guzman-Grajales, S.M.1    Walker, L.R.2
  • 72
    • 0033910282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of leaf litter on woody seedlings in xeric successional communities
    • HASTWELL, G. T. & FACELLI, J. M. (2000). Effects of leaf litter on woody seedlings in xeric successional communities. Plant Ecology 148, 225-231.
    • (2000) Plant Ecology , vol.148 , pp. 225-231
    • Hastwell, G.T.1    Facelli, J.M.2
  • 73
    • 0031781089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of direct seeded Pinus palustris and herbaceous vegetation to fertilization, burning and pine straw harvesting
    • HAYWOOD, J. D., TIARKS, A. E., ELLIOTT-SMITH, M. L. & PEARSON, H.A. (1998). Response of direct seeded Pinus palustris and herbaceous vegetation to fertilization, burning and pine straw harvesting. Biomass and Bioenergy 14, 157-167.
    • (1998) Biomass and Bioenergy , vol.14 , pp. 157-167
    • Haywood, J.D.1    Tiarks, A.E.2    Elliott-Smith, M.L.3    Pearson, H.A.4
  • 74
    • 0024898655 scopus 로고
    • A bioassay of soils in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica
    • ed. J. Proctor, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford
    • HEALEY, J. R. (1989). A bioassay of soils in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica. In Mineral Nutrients in Tropical Forests and Savanna Ecosystems (ed. J. Proctor), pp. 273-287. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
    • (1989) Mineral Nutrients in Tropical Forests and Savanna Ecosystems , pp. 273-287
    • Healey, J.R.1
  • 77
    • 32144435273 scopus 로고
    • Auswirkungen von mehrjährigem Streurechen in reinen Laubholz- und Nadel-Laubwald-Mischbeständen auf die Kleintierfauna im Wienerwald
    • JAHN, E. (1981). Auswirkungen von mehrjährigem Streurechen in reinen Laubholz- und Nadel-Laubwald-Mischbeständen auf die Kleintierfauna im Wienerwald. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Angewandte Entomologie 3, 44-48.
    • (1981) Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Angewandte Entomologie , vol.3 , pp. 44-48
    • Jahn, E.1
  • 78
    • 0030787021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water-extractable soil carbon in relation to the belowground carbon cycle
    • JANDL, R. & SOLLINS, P. (1997). Water-extractable soil carbon in relation to the belowground carbon cycle. Biology and Fertility of Soils 25, 196-201.
    • (1997) Biology and Fertility of Soils , vol.25 , pp. 196-201
    • Jandl, R.1    Sollins, P.2
  • 80
    • 0344313669 scopus 로고
    • Effect of litter removal on diameter growth of shortleaf pine
    • JEMISON, G. M. (1943). Effect of litter removal on diameter growth of shortleaf pine. Journal of Forestry 41, 213-214.
    • (1943) Journal of Forestry , vol.41 , pp. 213-214
    • Jemison, G.M.1
  • 81
    • 0037403651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of soil compaction, forest leaf litter and nitrogen fertilizer on two oak species and microbial activity
    • JORDAN, D., PONDER, F. JR. & HUBBARD, V. C. (2003). Effects of soil compaction, forest leaf litter and nitrogen fertilizer on two oak species and microbial activity. Applied Soil Ecology 23, 33-41.
    • (2003) Applied Soil Ecology , vol.23 , pp. 33-41
    • Jordan, D.1    Ponder Jr., F.2    Hubbard, V.C.3
  • 82
    • 0023527429 scopus 로고
    • Die Reaktion der Lumbriciden-Zönose eines Kalkbuchenwaldes auf experimentell veränderte Streumengen (Zur Funktion der Fauna in einem Mullbuchenwald 7)
    • Gesellschaft für Ökologie, Göttingen
    • JUDAS, M. (1989). Die Reaktion der Lumbriciden-Zönose eines Kalkbuchenwaldes auf experimentell veränderte Streumengen (Zur Funktion der Fauna in einem Mullbuchenwald 7). In Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ökologie, Vol. XVII, pp. 251-256. Gesellschaft für Ökologie, Göttingen.
    • (1989) Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ökologie , vol.17 , pp. 251-256
    • Judas, M.1
  • 83
    • 0025680616 scopus 로고
    • The development of earthworm populations following manipulation of the canopy leaf litter in a beech wood on limestone
    • JUDAS, M. (1990). The development of earthworm populations following manipulation of the canopy leaf litter in a beech wood on limestone. Pedobiologia 34, 247-255.
    • (1990) Pedobiologia , vol.34 , pp. 247-255
    • Judas, M.1
  • 84
    • 0032007146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest site degradation-temporary deviation from the natural site potential
    • KILIAN, W. (1998). Forest site degradation-temporary deviation from the natural site potential. Ecological Engineering 10, 5-18.
    • (1998) Ecological Engineering , vol.10 , pp. 5-18
    • Kilian, W.1
  • 85
    • 0003721384 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • KILLHAM, K. (1994). Soil Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Soil Ecology
    • Killham, K.1
  • 86
    • 0036644221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of human activities on sediment discharge from devastated weathered granite hills of southern China: Effects of 4-year elimination of human activities
    • KIMOTO, A., UCHIDA, T., MIZUYAMA, T. & CHANGHUA, L. (2002). Influences of human activities on sediment discharge from devastated weathered granite hills of southern China: effects of 4-year elimination of human activities. Catena 48, 217-233.
    • (2002) Catena , vol.48 , pp. 217-233
    • Kimoto, A.1    Uchida, T.2    Mizuyama, T.3    Changhua, L.4
  • 87
    • 32144440312 scopus 로고
    • Bedeutung und Schaden der Waldstreunutzung unter besonderer Betonung der Verhältnisse im Spessart
    • KLIETSCH, W. (1950). Bedeutung und Schaden der Waldstreunutzung unter besonderer Betonung der Verhältnisse im Spessart. Allgemeine Forstzeitschrift 5, 513-517.
    • (1950) Allgemeine Forstzeitschrift , vol.5 , pp. 513-517
    • Klietsch, W.1
  • 88
    • 0000306019 scopus 로고
    • Effect of moisture content, temperature, and nitrogen fertilization on carbon dioxide evolution from field soils
    • KOWALENKO, C. G., IVARSON, K. C. & CAMERON, D. R. (1978). Effect of moisture content, temperature, and nitrogen fertilization on carbon dioxide evolution from field soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 10, 417-423.
    • (1978) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.10 , pp. 417-423
    • Kowalenko, C.G.1    Ivarson, K.C.2    Cameron, D.R.3
  • 90
    • 51249190612 scopus 로고
    • Über den Einfluss der Streunutzung auf den Stickstoffhaushalt von Kiefernbeständen (Pinus silvestris L.)
    • KREUTZER, K. (1972). Über den Einfluss der Streunutzung auf den Stickstoffhaushalt von Kiefernbeständen (Pinus silvestris L.). Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 91, 263-270.
    • (1972) Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt , vol.91 , pp. 263-270
    • Kreutzer, K.1
  • 94
    • 0345561228 scopus 로고
    • Untersuchungen über die Waldstreu
    • KRUTZSCH, H. (1869). Untersuchungen über die Waldstreu. Tharandter Forstliches Jahrbuch 19, 193-227.
    • (1869) Tharandter Forstliches Jahrbuch , vol.19 , pp. 193-227
    • Krutzsch, H.1
  • 97
    • 0020901688 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the community structure of forest floor vegetation after repeated litter disturbance by raking
    • LINDHOLM, T. & NUMMELIN, M. (1983). Changes in the community structure of forest floor vegetation after repeated litter disturbance by raking. Silva Fennica 17, 289-300.
    • (1983) Silva Fennica , vol.17 , pp. 289-300
    • Lindholm, T.1    Nummelin, M.2
  • 98
    • 0034993740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of litter on emergence and early growth of Quercus rugosa: A laboratory study
    • LOPEZ-BARRERA, F. & GONZALEZ-ESPINOSA, M. (2001). Influence of litter on emergence and early growth of Quercus rugosa: a laboratory study. New Forests 21, 59-70.
    • (2001) New Forests , vol.21 , pp. 59-70
    • Lopez-Barrera, F.1    Gonzalez-Espinosa, M.2
  • 99
    • 0035399966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pine needle removal and fertilization on tree growth and soil P availability in a Pinus elliotii Englem. var. elliotii stand
    • LOPEZ-ZAMORA, I., DURYEA, M. L., MCCORMAC WILD, C., COMERFORD, N. B. & NEARY, D. G. (2001). Effect of pine needle removal and fertilization on tree growth and soil P availability in a Pinus elliotii Englem. var. elliotii stand. Forest Ecology and Management 148, 125-134.
    • (2001) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.148 , pp. 125-134
    • Lopez-Zamora, I.1    Duryea, M.L.2    McCormac Wild, C.3    Comerford, N.B.4    Neary, D.G.5
  • 100
    • 0000104868 scopus 로고
    • Influence of forest litter on run-off, percolation, and erosion
    • LOWDERMILK, W. C. (1930). Influence of forest litter on run-off, percolation, and erosion. Journal of Forestry 28, 474-491.
    • (1930) Journal of Forestry , vol.28 , pp. 474-491
    • Lowdermilk, W.C.1
  • 101
    • 0343642089 scopus 로고
    • Liming and twenty years of litter raking and burning under red (and white) pine
    • LUNT, H. A. (1951). Liming and twenty years of litter raking and burning under red (and white) pine. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 15, 381-390.
    • (1951) Soil Science Society of America Proceedings , vol.15 , pp. 381-390
    • Lunt, H.A.1
  • 102
    • 0000625448 scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest litter on soil temperature and soil freezing in autumn and winter
    • MACKINNEY, A. L. (1929). Effects of forest litter on soil temperature and soil freezing in autumn and winter. Ecology 10, 312-321.
    • (1929) Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 312-321
    • MacKinney, A.L.1
  • 103
    • 0027088239 scopus 로고
    • Effect of afforestation on microbial biomass and activity in soils of tropical China
    • MAO, D. M., MIN, Y. W., YU, L. L., MARTENS, R. & INSAM, H. (1992). Effect of afforestation on microbial biomass and activity in soils of tropical China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24, 865-872.
    • (1992) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.24 , pp. 865-872
    • Mao, D.M.1    Min, Y.W.2    Yu, L.L.3    Martens, R.4    Insam, H.5
  • 106
    • 0031943129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil seed bank from lowland rain forest in Singapore: Canopy-gap and litter-gap demanders
    • METCALFE, D. J. & TURNER, I. M. (1998). Soil seed bank from lowland rain forest in Singapore: canopy-gap and litter-gap demanders. Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, 103-108.
    • (1998) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 103-108
    • Metcalfe, D.J.1    Turner, I.M.2
  • 107
    • 4243768667 scopus 로고
    • Untersuchungen über das Wachstum der Kiefer in Baden. 2. Teil: Die Streunutzungs- und Düngungsversuche
    • MITSCHERLICH, G. (1955). Untersuchungen über das Wachstum der Kiefer in Baden. 2. Teil: Die Streunutzungs- und Düngungsversuche. Allgemeine Forst und Jagdzeitung 126, 193-204.
    • (1955) Allgemeine Forst und Jagdzeitung , vol.126 , pp. 193-204
    • Mitscherlich, G.1
  • 108
    • 0029528483 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient dynamics of a human-impacted pine forest in a MAB reserve of subtropical China
    • MO, J., BROWN, S. & LENART, M. (1995). Nutrient dynamics of a human-impacted pine forest in a MAB reserve of subtropical China. Biotropica 27, 290-304.
    • (1995) Biotropica , vol.27 , pp. 290-304
    • Mo, J.1    Brown, S.2    Lenart, M.3
  • 109
    • 0037416127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen availability in disturbed, rehabilitated and mature forests of tropical China
    • MO, J., BROWN, S., PENG, S. & KONG, G. (2003). Nitrogen availability in disturbed, rehabilitated and mature forests of tropical China. Forest Ecology and Management 175, 573-583.
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.175 , pp. 573-583
    • Mo, J.1    Brown, S.2    Peng, S.3    Kong, G.4
  • 110
    • 0026495817 scopus 로고
    • The effect of leaf litter on early seedling establishment in a tropical forest
    • MOLOFSKY, J. & AUGSPURGER, C. K. (1992). The effect of leaf litter on early seedling establishment in a tropical forest. Ecology 73, 68-77.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 68-77
    • Molofsky, J.1    Augspurger, C.K.2
  • 111
    • 0022231023 scopus 로고
    • Effects of shade, litter and root competition on old-field vegetation in South Carolina
    • MONK, C. D. & GABRIELSON, F. C. G. (1985). Effects of shade, litter and root competition on old-field vegetation in South Carolina. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 112, 383-392.
    • (1985) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.112 , pp. 383-392
    • Monk, C.D.1    Gabrielson, F.C.G.2
  • 113
    • 0028165166 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting litter effects on old field tree germination and emergence
    • MYSTER, R. W. (1994). Contrasting litter effects on old field tree germination and emergence. Vegetatio 114, 169-174.
    • (1994) Vegetatio , vol.114 , pp. 169-174
    • Myster, R.W.1
  • 114
    • 0027428201 scopus 로고
    • Effects of litter, distance, density and vegetation patch type on postdispersal tree seed predation in old fields
    • MYSTER, R. W. & PICKETT, S. T. A. (1993). Effects of litter, distance, density and vegetation patch type on postdispersal tree seed predation in old fields. Oikos 66, 381-388.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.66 , pp. 381-388
    • Myster, R.W.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 115
    • 8144221977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The DIRT experiment. Litter and root influences on forest soil organic matter stocks and function
    • eds. D. R. Foster and J. D. Aber, Yale University Press, New Haven
    • NADELHOFFER, K. J., BOONE, R. D., BOWDEN, R. D., CANARY, J., KAYE, J., MICKS, P., RICCA, A., MCDOWELL, W. & AITKENHEAD, J. (2004). The DIRT experiment. Litter and root influences on forest soil organic matter stocks and function. In Forests in Time (eds. D. R. Foster and J. D. Aber), pp. 300-315. Yale University Press, New Haven.
    • (2004) Forests in Time , pp. 300-315
    • Nadelhoffer, K.J.1    Boone, R.D.2    Bowden, R.D.3    Canary, J.4    Kaye, J.5    Micks, P.6    Ricca, A.7    McDowell, W.8    Aitkenhead, J.9
  • 116
    • 32144450835 scopus 로고
    • Der Einfluss des Streurechens auf die chemische Zusammensetzung des Bodens, der Nadeln und des Holzes eines Kiefernbestandes
    • NĚMEC, A. (1929). Der Einfluss des Streurechens auf die chemische Zusammensetzung des Bodens, der Nadeln und des Holzes eines Kiefernbestandes. Allgemeine Forst und Jagdzeitung 109, 214-219.
    • (1929) Allgemeine Forst und Jagdzeitung , vol.109 , pp. 214-219
    • Němec, A.1
  • 117
    • 32144462319 scopus 로고
    • Zur Kenntnis des Stickstoffhaushaltes streuberechter Waldböden
    • NĚMEC, A. (1931). Zur Kenntnis des Stickstoffhaushaltes streuberechter Waldböden. Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 53, 49-67 & 147-156.
    • (1931) Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt , vol.53 , pp. 49-67
    • Němec, A.1
  • 118
    • 0002679964 scopus 로고
    • Earthworms and the development of coprogenous A1 horizons in forest soils of Wisconsin
    • NIELSEN, G. A. & HOLE, F. D. (1964). Earthworms and the development of coprogenous A1 horizons in forest soils of Wisconsin. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 28, 426-430.
    • (1964) Soil Science Society of America Proceedings , vol.28 , pp. 426-430
    • Nielsen, G.A.1    Hole, F.D.2
  • 119
    • 0032994199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of plant litter species composition and diversity on the boreal forest plant-soil system
    • NILSSON, M.-C., WARDLE, D. A. & DAHLBERG, A. (1999). Effects of plant litter species composition and diversity on the boreal forest plant-soil system. Oikos 86, 16-26.
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.86 , pp. 16-26
    • Nilsson, M.-C.1    Wardle, D.A.2    Dahlberg, A.3
  • 120
    • 0037005722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A forest floor model for heat and moisture including a litter layer
    • OGEE, J. & BRUNET, Y. (2002). A forest floor model for heat and moisture including a litter layer. Journal of Hydrology 255, 212-233.
    • (2002) Journal of Hydrology , vol.255 , pp. 212-233
    • Ogee, J.1    Brunet, Y.2
  • 121
    • 32144439961 scopus 로고
    • Laubstreunutzungsversuche in Waldgesellschaften des Wienerwaldes
    • ed. R. Tüxen, Junk, Den Haag
    • ONNO, M. (1969). Laubstreunutzungsversuche in Waldgesellschaften des Wienerwaldes. In Experimentelle Pflanzensoziologie (ed. R. Tüxen), pp. 206-212. Junk, Den Haag.
    • (1969) Experimentelle Pflanzensoziologie , pp. 206-212
    • Onno, M.1
  • 122
    • 0347052753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls on the release of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen from a deciduous forest floor investigated by manipulations of aboveground litter inputs and water flux
    • PARK, J.-H. & MATZNER, E. (2003). Controls on the release of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen from a deciduous forest floor investigated by manipulations of aboveground litter inputs and water flux. Biogeochemistry 66, 265-286.
    • (2003) Biogeochemistry , vol.66 , pp. 265-286
    • Park, J.-H.1    Matzner, E.2
  • 123
    • 0003275590 scopus 로고
    • Effects of burning-over and raking-off litter on certain animals in the Duke Forest
    • PEARSE, A. S. (1943). Effects of burning-over and raking-off litter on certain animals in the Duke Forest. American Midland Naturalist 29, 406-424.
    • (1943) American Midland Naturalist , vol.29 , pp. 406-424
    • Pearse, A.S.1
  • 124
    • 0041698100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of litter removal on plant species diversity: A case study in tropical Eucalyptus forest ecosystems in South China
    • PENG, S., REN, H., WU, J. & LU, H. (2003). Effects of litter removal on plant species diversity: a case study in tropical Eucalyptus forest ecosystems in South China. Journal of Environmental Sciences 15, 367-371.
    • (2003) Journal of Environmental Sciences , vol.15 , pp. 367-371
    • Peng, S.1    Ren, H.2    Wu, J.3    Lu, H.4
  • 125
    • 0032829111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 20th Century carbon budget of forest soils in the alps
    • PERRUCHOUD, D., KIENAST, F., KAUFMANN, E. & BRAEKER, O. U. (1999). 20th Century carbon budget of forest soils in the alps. Ecosystems 2, 320-337.
    • (1999) Ecosystems , vol.2 , pp. 320-337
    • Perruchoud, D.1    Kienast, F.2    Kaufmann, E.3    Braeker, O.U.4
  • 126
    • 0027019882 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting germination and seedling growth of Betula alleghaniensis and Rhus typhina subjected to various amounts and types of plant litter
    • PETERSON, C. J. & FACELLI, J. M. (1992). Contrasting germination and seedling growth of Betula alleghaniensis and Rhus typhina subjected to various amounts and types of plant litter. American Journal of Botany 79, 1209-1216.
    • (1992) American Journal of Botany , vol.79 , pp. 1209-1216
    • Peterson, C.J.1    Facelli, J.M.2
  • 127
    • 0027706560 scopus 로고
    • Collembolan response to experimental perturbations of litter supply in a temperate forest ecosystem
    • PONGE, J. F., ARPIN, P. & VANNIER, G. (1993). Collembolan response to experimental perturbations of litter supply in a temperate forest ecosystem. European Journal of Soil Science 29, 141-153.
    • (1993) European Journal of Soil Science , vol.29 , pp. 141-153
    • Ponge, J.F.1    Arpin, P.2    Vannier, G.3
  • 128
    • 0344159001 scopus 로고
    • The influence of litter manipulation on the centipedes of a beech wood
    • ed. A. Minelli, Brill, Leiden
    • POSER, T. (1990). The influence of litter manipulation on the centipedes of a beech wood. In 7th International Congress on Myriapods (ed. A. Minelli), pp. 235-245. Brill, Leiden.
    • (1990) 7th International Congress on Myriapods , pp. 235-245
    • Poser, T.1
  • 129
    • 0031393723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Langzeituntersuchung ehemals streugenutzter Kiefernökosysteme in der Oberpfalz: Veränderungen von bodenchemischen Eigenschaften und der Nährelementversorgung der Bestände
    • PRIETZEL, J., KOLB, E. & REHFUESS, K. E. (1997). Langzeituntersuchung ehemals streugenutzter Kiefernökosysteme in der Oberpfalz: Veränderungen von bodenchemischen Eigenschaften und der Nährelementversorgung der Bestände. Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 116, 269-290.
    • (1997) Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt , vol.116 , pp. 269-290
    • Prietzel, J.1    Kolb, E.2    Rehfuess, K.E.3
  • 130
    • 0020870946 scopus 로고
    • Treefall pits and mounds, buried seeds, and the importance of soil disturbance to pioneer trees on Barro Colorado Island, Panama
    • PUTZ, F. E. (1983). Treefall pits and mounds, buried seeds, and the importance of soil disturbance to pioneer trees on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Ecology 64, 1069-1074.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 1069-1074
    • Putz, F.E.1
  • 131
    • 32144439066 scopus 로고
    • Die Einwirkung der Streuentnahme auf Sandboden
    • RAMANN, G. (1883). Die Einwirkung der Streuentnahme auf Sandboden. Zeitschrift für Forst- und Jagdwesen 12, 577-663.
    • (1883) Zeitschrift für Forst- und Jagdwesen , vol.12 , pp. 577-663
    • Ramann, G.1
  • 132
    • 0027833871 scopus 로고
    • Control of seedling emergence by ground cover and seed predation in relation to seed size for some old-field species
    • READER, R. J. (1993). Control of seedling emergence by ground cover and seed predation in relation to seed size for some old-field species. Journal of Ecology 81, 169-175.
    • (1993) Journal of Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 169-175
    • Reader, R.J.1
  • 133
    • 0037248538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of soil invertebrates to forest canopy inputs along a productivity gradient
    • REYNOLDS, B. C., CROSSLEY, D. A. & HUNTER, M. D. (2003). Response of soil invertebrates to forest canopy inputs along a productivity gradient. Pedobiologia 47, 127-139.
    • (2003) Pedobiologia , vol.47 , pp. 127-139
    • Reynolds, B.C.1    Crossley, D.A.2    Hunter, M.D.3
  • 134
    • 1542767335 scopus 로고
    • Loblolly and longleaf pine responses to litter raking, prescribe burning and nitrogen fertilization
    • ed. M. B. Edwards, USDA Forest Service, Asheville
    • ROSS, S., MCKEE, W. H. & MIMS, M. (1994). Loblolly and longleaf pine responses to litter raking, prescribe burning and nitrogen fertilization. In The Eighth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference (ed. M. B. Edwards), pp. 220-224. USDA Forest Service, Asheville.
    • (1994) The Eighth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference , pp. 220-224
    • Ross, S.1    McKee, W.H.2    Mims, M.3
  • 135
    • 0037342939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between litter quality, decomposition and soil fertility: A laboratory study
    • SARIYILDIZ, T. & ANDERSON, J. M. (2003). Interactions between litter quality, decomposition and soil fertility: a laboratory study. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 35, 391-399.
    • (2003) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.35 , pp. 391-399
    • Sariyildiz, T.1    Anderson, J.M.2
  • 136
    • 0022233993 scopus 로고
    • 2 evolution from soil, substrate temperature, and substrate moisture in four mature forest types in interior Alaska
    • 2 evolution from soil, substrate temperature, and substrate moisture in four mature forest types in interior Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, 97-106.
    • (1985) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.15 , pp. 97-106
    • Schlentner, R.E.1    Van Cleve, K.2
  • 138
    • 32144454211 scopus 로고
    • Über den Einfluss des Streurechens auf den Holzbestand
    • SCHWAPPACH, A. F. (1887). Über den Einfluss des Streurechens auf den Holzbestand. Zeitschrift für Forst- und Jagdwesen 19, 401-406 & 698-700.
    • (1887) Zeitschrift für Forst- und Jagdwesen , vol.19 , pp. 401-406
    • Schwappach, A.F.1
  • 139
    • 0030760311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foliage litter quality and annual net N mineralization: Comparison across North American forest sites
    • SCOTT, N. A. & BINKLEY, D. (1997). Foliage litter quality and annual net N mineralization: comparison across North American forest sites. Oecologia 111, 151-159.
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.111 , pp. 151-159
    • Scott, N.A.1    Binkley, D.2
  • 140
    • 0028975645 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the amount and composition of the forest floor on emergence and early establishment of loblolly pine seedlings
    • SHELTON, M. G. (1995). Effects of the amount and composition of the forest floor on emergence and early establishment of loblolly pine seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, 480-486.
    • (1995) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.25 , pp. 480-486
    • Shelton, M.G.1
  • 141
    • 0039151772 scopus 로고
    • Plant decomposition and soil respiration in terrestrial ecosystems
    • SINGH, J. S. & GUPTA, S. R. (1977). Plant decomposition and soil respiration in terrestrial ecosystems. The Botanical Review 43, 449-528.
    • (1977) The Botanical Review , vol.43 , pp. 449-528
    • Singh, J.S.1    Gupta, S.R.2
  • 142
    • 0000501608 scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic rates in relation to nitrogen recycling as an adaptation to nutrient deficiency in peat bog plants
    • SMALL, E. (1972). Photosynthetic rates in relation to nitrogen recycling as an adaptation to nutrient deficiency in peat bog plants. Canadian Journal of Botany 50, 2227-2233.
    • (1972) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.50 , pp. 2227-2233
    • Small, E.1
  • 143
    • 1642396731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of nitrogen deposition on the species richness of grasslands
    • STEVENS, C. J., DISE, N. B., MOUNTFORD, J. O. & GOWING, D. J. (2004). Impact of nitrogen deposition on the species richness of grasslands. Science 303, 1876-1879.
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 1876-1879
    • Stevens, C.J.1    Dise, N.B.2    Mountford, J.O.3    Gowing, D.J.4
  • 144
    • 0027832724 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between litter quality and nitrogen availability in Rocky Mountain forests
    • STUMP, L. M. & BINKLEY, D. (1993). Relationships between litter quality and nitrogen availability in Rocky Mountain forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, 492-502.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.23 , pp. 492-502
    • Stump, L.M.1    Binkley, D.2
  • 145
    • 0000376920 scopus 로고
    • Effects of tree leaf litter on herbaceous vegetation in deciduous woodland
    • SYDES, C. & GRIME, J. P. (1981). Effects of tree leaf litter on herbaceous vegetation in deciduous woodland. Journal of Ecology 69, 237-248.
    • (1981) Journal of Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 237-248
    • Sydes, C.1    Grime, J.P.2
  • 146
    • 0031654654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigation of nutrient limitation of forest growth on wet tropical mountains
    • TANNER, E. V. J., VITOUSEK, P. M. & CUEVAS, E. (1998). Experimental investigation of nutrient limitation of forest growth on wet tropical mountains. Ecology 79, 10-22.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 10-22
    • Tanner, E.V.J.1    Vitousek, P.M.2    Cuevas, E.3
  • 147
    • 0023516196 scopus 로고
    • Effect of litter layer on natural regeneration of companion tree species in the Korean pine forest
    • TAO, D. L., XU, Z. B. & LI, X. (1987). Effect of litter layer on natural regeneration of companion tree species in the Korean pine forest. Environmental and Experimental Botany 27, 53-65.
    • (1987) Environmental and Experimental Botany , vol.27 , pp. 53-65
    • Tao, D.L.1    Xu, Z.B.2    Li, X.3
  • 149
    • 0343766889 scopus 로고
    • Effects of litter treatments on the sporophore production of beech forest macrofungi
    • TYLER, G. (1991). Effects of litter treatments on the sporophore production of beech forest macrofungi. Mycological Research 95, 1137-1139.
    • (1991) Mycological Research , vol.95 , pp. 1137-1139
    • Tyler, G.1
  • 150
    • 34250268023 scopus 로고
    • The influence of variation in litter habitats on spider communities
    • UETZ, G. W. (1979). The influence of variation in litter habitats on spider communities. Oecologia 40, 29-42.
    • (1979) Oecologia , vol.40 , pp. 29-42
    • Uetz, G.W.1
  • 151
    • 15744380420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA-NRSC, Ankeny
    • United States Department of Agriculture (2003). Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 9th edn. USDA-NRSC, Ankeny.
    • (2003) Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 9th Edn.
  • 154
    • 0027020789 scopus 로고
    • Effects of litter from a tropical rainforest on tree seed germination and establishment under controlled conditions
    • VAZQUEZ-YANES, C. & OROZCO-SEGOVIA, A. (1992). Effects of litter from a tropical rainforest on tree seed germination and establishment under controlled conditions. Tree Physiology 11, 391-400.
    • (1992) Tree Physiology , vol.11 , pp. 391-400
    • Vazquez-Yanes, C.1    Orozco-Segovia, A.2
  • 155
    • 0032924252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of soil type on mass loss and nutrient release from decomposing foliage litter of beech and Norway spruce
    • VESTERDAL, L. (1999). Influence of soil type on mass loss and nutrient release from decomposing foliage litter of beech and Norway spruce. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, 95-105.
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.29 , pp. 95-105
    • Vesterdal, L.1
  • 156
    • 0020369373 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency
    • VITOUSEK, P. M. (1982). Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency. American Naturalist. 119, 553-572.
    • (1982) American Naturalist , vol.119 , pp. 553-572
    • Vitousek, P.M.1
  • 157
    • 32144458446 scopus 로고
    • Über den Einfluss des Streurechens auf den Mineralstoffgehalt und den Zuwachs des Buchenholzes
    • VON SCHRÖDER, J. (1876). Über den Einfluss des Streurechens auf den Mineralstoffgehalt und den Zuwachs des Buchenholzes. Tharandter Forstliches Jahrbuch 26, 310-330.
    • (1876) Tharandter Forstliches Jahrbuch , vol.26 , pp. 310-330
    • Von Schröder, J.1
  • 158
    • 0001489389 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation litter: An underestimated variable in hydrology and geomorphology
    • WALSH, R. P. D. & VOIGT, P. J. (1977). Vegetation litter: an underestimated variable in hydrology and geomorphology. Journal of Biogeography 4, 253-274.
    • (1977) Journal of Biogeography , vol.4 , pp. 253-274
    • Walsh, R.P.D.1    Voigt, P.J.2
  • 161
    • 0006102519 scopus 로고
    • Über die Schäden der Streunutzung im Deutschen Osten
    • WIEDEMANN, E. (1935). Über die Schäden der Streunutzung im Deutschen Osten. Forstarchiv 11, 386-392.
    • (1935) Forstarchiv , vol.11 , pp. 386-392
    • Wiedemann, E.1
  • 162
    • 0001277154 scopus 로고
    • Differenzierte Streuverteilung im Walde, ihre Ursachen und Folgen
    • WILKE, B., BOGENRIEDER, A. & WILMANNS, O. (1993). Differenzierte Streuverteilung im Walde, ihre Ursachen und Folgen. Phytocoenologia 23, 129-155.
    • (1993) Phytocoenologia , vol.23 , pp. 129-155
    • Wilke, B.1    Bogenrieder, A.2    Wilmanns, O.3
  • 163
    • 0027038406 scopus 로고
    • Tree litter and the lower limits of subalpine herbs and grasses in the Brindabella Range, ACT
    • WILSON, S. D. & ZAMMIL, C. A. (1992). Tree litter and the lower limits of subalpine herbs and grasses in the Brindabella Range, ACT. Australian Journal of Ecology 17, 321-327.
    • (1992) Australian Journal of Ecology , vol.17 , pp. 321-327
    • Wilson, S.D.1    Zammil, C.A.2
  • 164
    • 32144444014 scopus 로고
    • Der Einfluss der Streunutzung auf den Boden
    • WITTICH, W. (1951). Der Einfluss der Streunutzung auf den Boden. Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 70, 65-92.
    • (1951) Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt , vol.70 , pp. 65-92
    • Wittich, W.1
  • 166
    • 0032762196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of plant litter on vegetation: A meta-analysis
    • XIONG, S. & NILSSON, C. (1999). The effects of plant litter on vegetation: a meta-analysis. Journal of Ecology 87, 984-994.
    • (1999) Journal of Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 984-994
    • Xiong, S.1    Nilsson, C.2
  • 168
    • 0027882952 scopus 로고
    • Species effects on earthworm density in tropical tree plantations in Hawaii
    • ZOU, X. M. (1993). Species effects on earthworm density in tropical tree plantations in Hawaii. Biology and Fertility of Soils 15, 35-38.
    • (1993) Biology and Fertility of Soils , vol.15 , pp. 35-38
    • Zou, X.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.