메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 4-13

Current concepts of mechanical and neural factors in ocular motility

Author keywords

Connective tissue; Extraocular muscles; Eye movements; Listing's Law; Ocular counter rolling; Pulleys; Saccades; Vestibulo ocular reflex

Indexed keywords

CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE; EYE MOVEMENT; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; KINEMATICS; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX; VISUOMOTOR COORDINATION;

EID: 31644447900     PISSN: 13507540     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.wco.0000198100.87670.37     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (101)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0028999265 scopus 로고
    • Extraocular muscles: Basic and clinical aspects of structure and function
    • Porter JD, Baker RS, Ragusa RJ, Brueckner JK. Extraocular muscles: basic and clinical aspects of structure and function. Surv Ophthalmol 1995; 39:451-484.
    • (1995) Surv Ophthalmol , vol.39 , pp. 451-484
    • Porter, J.D.1    Baker, R.S.2    Ragusa, R.J.3    Brueckner, J.K.4
  • 2
    • 0035161851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of rectus extraocular muscle layers in monkey and humans
    • Oh SY, Poukens V, Demer JL. Quantitative analysis of rectus extraocular muscle layers in monkey and humans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:10-16.
    • (2001) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.42 , pp. 10-16
    • Oh, S.Y.1    Poukens, V.2    Demer, J.L.3
  • 3
    • 24644449774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superior oblique muscle layers in monkeys and humans
    • Kono R, Poukens V, Demer JL. Superior oblique muscle layers in monkeys and humans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:2790-2799. Demonstration of the fine histological structure of the superior oblique muscle, showing that the orbital layer inserts on the connective tissue system.
    • (2005) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.46 , pp. 2790-2799
    • Kono, R.1    Poukens, V.2    Demer, J.L.3
  • 4
    • 0034111946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for active control of rectus extraocular muscle pulleys
    • Demer JL, Oh SY, Poukens V. Evidence for active control of rectus extraocular muscle pulleys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41:1280-1290.
    • (2000) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.41 , pp. 1280-1290
    • Demer, J.L.1    Oh, S.Y.2    Poukens, V.3
  • 5
    • 15844400479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double insertions of extraocular rectus muscles in humans and the pulley theory
    • Ruskell GL, Kjellevold Haugen IB, Bruenech JR, van der Werf F. Double insertions of extraocular rectus muscles in humans and the pulley theory. J Anat 2005; 206:295-306. Histological examination of mainly sagittal sections of human and monkey rectus EOMs demonstrating orbital-layer insertions into connective tissue sleeves, and a lesser degree of global layer insertions into connective tissues.
    • (2005) J Anat , vol.206 , pp. 295-306
    • Ruskell, G.L.1    Kjellevold Haugen, I.B.2    Bruenech, J.R.3    Van Der Werf, F.4
  • 6
    • 0024490734 scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of normal human rectus muscles
    • Miller JM. Functional anatomy of normal human rectus muscles. Vision Res 1989; 29:223-240.
    • (1989) Vision Res , vol.29 , pp. 223-240
    • Miller, J.M.1
  • 7
    • 0028903219 scopus 로고
    • Evidence forfibromuscular pulleys of the recti extraocular muscles
    • Demer JL, Miller JM, Poukens V, et al. Evidence forfibromuscular pulleys of the recti extraocular muscles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995; 36:1125-1136.
    • (1995) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.36 , pp. 1125-1136
    • Demer, J.L.1    Miller, J.M.2    Poukens, V.3
  • 9
    • 0038811700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraocular connective tissue architecture
    • Miller JM, Demer JL, Poukens V, et al. Extraocular connective tissue architecture. J Vis 2003; 3:240-251.
    • (2003) J Vis , vol.3 , pp. 240-251
    • Miller, J.M.1    Demer, J.L.2    Poukens, V.3
  • 12
    • 0020061674 scopus 로고
    • The trochlea: A study of the anatomy and physiology
    • Helveston EM, Merriam WW, Ellis FD, et al. The trochlea: a study of the anatomy and physiology. Ophthalmology 1992; 80:124-133.
    • (1992) Ophthalmology , vol.80 , pp. 124-133
    • Helveston, E.M.1    Merriam, W.W.2    Ellis, F.D.3
  • 13
    • 3042721782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pivotal role of orbital connective tissues in binocular alignment and strabismus. The Friedenwald lecture
    • Demer JL. Pivotal role of orbital connective tissues in binocular alignment and strabismus. The Friedenwald lecture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45:729-738. This is a lecture paper broadly reviewing the EOM pulley system, including kinematics and clinical implications for strabismus, detailed references, and some new data. This is a good overall recent summary of the active pulley hypothesis, but please note that the torsional reconfiguration of the rectus pulleys during ocular counter-rolling is probably only half as much as suggested in this reference.
    • (2004) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.45 , pp. 729-738
    • Demer, J.L.1
  • 14
    • 0033765044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional location of human rectus pulleys by path inflections in secondary gaze positions
    • Clark RA, Miller JM, Demer JL. Three-dimensional location of human rectus pulleys by path inflections in secondary gaze positions. Invest Ophthalmol.Vis Sci 2000; 41:3787-3797.
    • (2000) Invest Ophthalmol.Vis Sci , vol.41 , pp. 3787-3797
    • Clark, R.A.1    Miller, J.M.2    Demer, J.L.3
  • 15
    • 0029022686 scopus 로고
    • Mathematics of three-dimensional eye rotations
    • Haslwanter T. Mathematics of three-dimensional eye rotations. Vision Res 1995; 35:1727-1739.
    • (1995) Vision Res , vol.35 , pp. 1727-1739
    • Haslwanter, T.1
  • 16
    • 0033087218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular physiology
    • Ruete CGT. Ocular physiology. Strabismus 1999; 7:43-60.
    • (1999) Strabismus , vol.7 , pp. 43-60
    • Ruete, C.G.T.1
  • 17
    • 0025060338 scopus 로고
    • Geometric relations of eye position and velocity vectors during saccades
    • Tweed D, Vilis T. Geometric relations of eye position and velocity vectors during saccades. Vision Res 1990; 30:111-127.
    • (1990) Vision Res , vol.30 , pp. 111-127
    • Tweed, D.1    Vilis, T.2
  • 18
    • 0031821214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commutative saccadic generator is sufficient to control a 3-D ocular plant with pulleys
    • Quaia C, Optican LM. Commutative saccadic generator is sufficient to control a 3-D ocular plant with pulleys. J Neurophysiol 1998; 79:3197-3215.
    • (1998) J Neurophysiol , vol.79 , pp. 3197-3215
    • Quaia, C.1    Optican, L.M.2
  • 19
    • 30644474961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of strabismus
    • Taylor D, Hoyt C, editors. London: Elsevier
    • Demer JL. Anatomy of strabismus. In: Taylor D, Hoyt C, editors. Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 3rd ed. London: Elsevier; 2005. pp. 849-861.
    • (2005) Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 3rd Ed. , pp. 849-861
    • Demer, J.L.1
  • 20
    • 0036288387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active pulleys: Magnetic resonance imaging of rectus muscle paths in tertiary gazes
    • Kono R, Clark RA, Demer JL. Active pulleys: Magnetic resonance imaging of rectus muscle paths in tertiary gazes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43:2179-2188.
    • (2002) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.43 , pp. 2179-2188
    • Kono, R.1    Clark, R.A.2    Demer, J.L.3
  • 21
    • 21144443121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties of 3D rotations and their relation to eye movement control
    • Koene AR, Erklens CJ. Properties of 3D rotations and their relation to eye movement control. Biol Cybern 2004; 90:410-417. This is a geometric analysis of the velocity axes imparted by EOMs in positions assumed by the authors. These positions are quite dissimilar from pulley positions determined empirically.
    • (2004) Biol Cybern , vol.90 , pp. 410-417
    • Koene, A.R.1    Erklens, C.J.2
  • 22
    • 0002579011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraocular muscles
    • Jaeger EA, Tasman PR, editors. Philadelphia: Lippincott
    • Demer JL. Extraocular muscles. In: Jaeger EA, Tasman PR, editors. Duanes Clinical Ophthalmology, vol 1. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 2000. pp.1-23.
    • (2000) Duanes Clinical Ophthalmology , vol.1 , pp. 1-23
    • Demer, J.L.1
  • 23
    • 0036241107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The orbital pulley system: A revolution in concepts of orbital anatomy
    • Demer JL. The orbital pulley system: A revolution in concepts of orbital anatomy. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 956:17-32.
    • (2002) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.956 , pp. 17-32
    • Demer, J.L.1
  • 24
  • 26
    • 0030931349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative orientation of primary positions of the two eyes
    • Bruno P, van den Berg AV. Relative orientation of primary positions of the two eyes. Vision Res 1997; 37:935-947.
    • (1997) Vision Res , vol.37 , pp. 935-947
    • Bruno, P.1    Van Den Berg, A.V.2
  • 27
    • 0034096769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rotation of Listing's plane with convergence: Independence from eye position
    • Steffen H, Walker MF, Zee DS. Rotation of Listing's plane with convergence: Independence from eye position. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41:715-721.
    • (2000) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.41 , pp. 715-721
    • Steffen, H.1    Walker, M.F.2    Zee, D.S.3
  • 28
    • 0037389169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging of human extraocular muscles in convergence
    • Demer JL, Kono R, Wright W. Magnetic resonance imaging of human extraocular muscles in convergence. J Neurophysiol 2003; 89:2072-2085.
    • (2003) J Neurophysiol , vol.89 , pp. 2072-2085
    • Demer, J.L.1    Kono, R.2    Wright, W.3
  • 29
    • 0014094532 scopus 로고
    • The torsional component of the near reflex
    • Allen MJ, Carter JH. The torsional component of the near reflex. Am J Optom 1967; 44:343-349.
    • (1967) Am J Optom , vol.44 , pp. 343-349
    • Allen, M.J.1    Carter, J.H.2
  • 30
    • 0036730505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of the structure of the human extraocular muscle pulley system
    • Kono R, Poukens V, Demer JL. Quantitative analysis of the structure of the human extraocular muscle pulley system. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43:2923-2932.
    • (2002) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.43 , pp. 2923-2932
    • Kono, R.1    Poukens, V.2    Demer, J.L.3
  • 32
    • 22544450852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical properties and functional importance of pulley bands or 'faisseaux tendineux'
    • van den Bedem SPW, Schutte S, van der Helm FCT, Simonsz HJ. Mechanical properties and functional importance of pulley bands or 'faisseaux tendineux'. Vis Res 2005; 45:2710-2714. A challenge to the active pulley hypothesis, but based on semiquantitative observations of orbital specimens removed for cancer. The authors expressed doubt that the elastic properties of the pulley suspension are suitable for large shifts of the pulleys.
    • (2005) Vis Res , vol.45 , pp. 2710-2714
    • Van Den Bedem, S.P.W.1    Schutte, S.2    Van Der Helm, F.C.T.3    Simonsz, H.J.4
  • 33
    • 31644438682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letter to Editor Regarding van den Bedem, Schutte, van der Helm, and Simonsz: Mechanical Properties and Functional Importance of Pulley Bands or 'Faisseaux Tendineux
    • in press
    • Demer JL. Letter to Editor Regarding van den Bedem, Schutte, van der Helm, and Simonsz: Mechanical Properties and Functional Importance of Pulley Bands or 'Faisseaux Tendineux. Vis Res 2005 (in press).
    • (2005) Vis Res
    • Demer, J.L.1
  • 34
    • 0034899247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for rectus extraocular muscle pulleys in rodents
    • Khanna S, Porter JD. Evidence for rectus extraocular muscle pulleys in rodents. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:1986-1992.
    • (2001) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.42 , pp. 1986-1992
    • Khanna, S.1    Porter, J.D.2
  • 35
    • 16844386319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural details of rat extraocular muscles andd three-dimensional reconstruction of the rat inferior rectus muscle and muscle-pulley interface
    • Felder E, Bogdanovich S, Rubinstein NA, Khana TS. Structural details of rat extraocular muscles andd three-dimensional reconstruction of the rat inferior rectus muscle and muscle-pulley interface. Vis Res 2005; 45:1945-1955. A histological study of the region of the inferior rectus pulley in rat, including a 3-D reconstruction of an isolated inferior rectus muscle and some of its associated connective tissues. Isolation of this specimen may have altered some connective tissue relationships to the EOM, but attachment of the pulley to the orbital layer was confirmed.
    • (2005) Vis Res , vol.45 , pp. 1945-1955
    • Felder, E.1    Bogdanovich, S.2    Rubinstein, N.A.3    Khana, T.S.4
  • 36
    • 0346751983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation-evoked eye movements with and without the lateral rectus muscle pulley
    • Dimitrova DM, Shall MS, Goldberg SJ. Stimulation-evoked eye movements with and without the lateral rectus muscle pulley. J Neurophysiol 2003; 90:3809-3815.
    • (2003) J Neurophysiol , vol.90 , pp. 3809-3815
    • Dimitrova, D.M.1    Shall, M.S.2    Goldberg, S.J.3
  • 37
    • 0038476591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic eye plant models and the control of eye movements
    • Quaia C, Optican LM. Dynamic eye plant models and the control of eye movements. Strabismus 2003; 11:17-31.
    • (2003) Strabismus , vol.11 , pp. 17-31
    • Quaia, C.1    Optican, L.M.2
  • 38
    • 0031813365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling control of eye orientation in three dimensions. I. Role of muscle pulleys in determining saccadic trajectory
    • Raphan T. Modeling control of eye orientation in three dimensions. I. Role of muscle pulleys in determining saccadic trajectory. J Neurophysiol 1998; 79:2653-2667.
    • (1998) J Neurophysiol , vol.79 , pp. 2653-2667
    • Raphan, T.1
  • 39
    • 0003076299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling control of eye orientation in three dimensions
    • Fetter M, Haslwanter T, Misslisch H, Tweed D, editors. Amsterdam: Harwood
    • Raphan T. Modeling control of eye orientation in three dimensions. In: Fetter M, Haslwanter T, Misslisch H, Tweed D, editors. Three-dimensional Kinematics of Eye, Head, and Limb Movements. Amsterdam: Harwood; 1997. pp. 359-374.
    • (1997) Three-dimensional Kinematics of Eye, Head, and Limb Movements , pp. 359-374
    • Raphan, T.1
  • 40
    • 0027971607 scopus 로고
    • Rotational kinematics of the human vestibuloocular reflex. III. Listing's law
    • Misslisch H, Tweed D, Fetter M, et al. Rotational kinematics of the human vestibuloocular reflex. III. Listing's law. J Neurophysiol 1994; 72:2490-2502.
    • (1994) J Neurophysiol , vol.72 , pp. 2490-2502
    • Misslisch, H.1    Tweed, D.2    Fetter, M.3
  • 41
    • 0033022218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical eye position-dependence of the human vestibuloocular reflex during passive and active yaw head rotations
    • Thurtell MJ, Black RA, Halmagyi GM, et al. Vertical eye position-dependence of the human vestibuloocular reflex during passive and active yaw head rotations. J Neurophysiol 1999; 81:2415-2428.
    • (1999) J Neurophysiol , vol.81 , pp. 2415-2428
    • Thurtell, M.J.1    Black, R.A.2    Halmagyi, G.M.3
  • 42
    • 22144479365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human angular vestibulo-ocular reflex initiation: Relationship to Listing's Law
    • Crane BT, Tian J, Demer JL. Human angular vestibulo-ocular reflex initiation: relationship to Listing's Law. Ann NY Acad Sci 2005; 1039:1-10.
    • (2005) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1039 , pp. 1-10
    • Crane, B.T.1    Tian, J.2    Demer, J.L.3
  • 43
    • 24644478689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematics of vertical saccades during the yaw vestibulo-ocular reflex in humans
    • Crane BT, Tian J, Demer JL. Kinematics of vertical saccades during the yaw vestibulo-ocular reflex in humans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:2800-2809. This study used binocular, 3-D scleral magnetic search coil recordings and transient, whole-body, high acceleration in yaw to study kinematics of interactions between the VOR and saccades in humans. The VOR was used to drive initial ocular torsion out of Listing's plane, and vertical saccades were evoked visually from this position. While subsequent ocular torsion never returned to Listing's plane, vertical saccades conformed closely to half-angle kinematics. This robust finding is contrary to earlier claims based on experiments conducted under less controlled conditions, and answers a longstanding objection to a mechanical basis of Listing's Law.
    • (2005) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.46 , pp. 2800-2809
    • Crane, B.T.1    Tian, J.2    Demer, J.L.3
  • 44
    • 0026086858 scopus 로고
    • Axes of eye rotation and Listing's law during rotations of the head
    • Crawford JD, Vilis T. Axes of eye rotation and Listing's law during rotations of the head. J Neurophysiol 1991; 65:407-423.
    • (1991) J Neurophysiol , vol.65 , pp. 407-423
    • Crawford, J.D.1    Vilis, T.2
  • 45
    • 0028043655 scopus 로고
    • Rotational kinematics of the human vestibuloocular reflex. I. Gain matrices
    • Tweed D, Sievering D, Misslisch H, et al. Rotational kinematics of the human vestibuloocular reflex. I. Gain matrices. J Neurophysiol 1994; 72:2467-2479.
    • (1994) J Neurophysiol , vol.72 , pp. 2467-2479
    • Tweed, D.1    Sievering, D.2    Misslisch, H.3
  • 46
    • 0034044868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional vestibuloocular reflex of the monkey: Optimal retinal image stabilization versus Listing's law
    • Misslisch H, Hess BJ. Three-dimensional vestibuloocular reflex of the monkey: Optimal retinal image stabilization versus Listing's law. J Neurophysiol 2000; 83:3264-3276.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.83 , pp. 3264-3276
    • Misslisch, H.1    Hess, B.J.2
  • 47
    • 0032741818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye-position dependence of three-dimensional ocular rotation axis orientation during head impulses in humans
    • Palla A, Straumann D, Obzina H. Eye-position dependence of three-dimensional ocular rotation axis orientation during head impulses in humans. Exp Brain Res 1999; 129:127-133.
    • (1999) Exp Brain Res , vol.129 , pp. 127-133
    • Palla, A.1    Straumann, D.2    Obzina, H.3
  • 48
    • 0038235642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vergence-mediated changes in the axis of eye rotation during the human vestibulo-ocular reflex can occur independent of eye position
    • Migliaccio AA, Cremer PD, Aw ST, et al. Vergence-mediated changes in the axis of eye rotation during the human vestibulo-ocular reflex can occur independent of eye position. Exp Brain Res 2003; 151:238-248.
    • (2003) Exp Brain Res , vol.151 , pp. 238-248
    • Migliaccio, A.A.1    Cremer, P.D.2    Aw, S.T.3
  • 49
    • 31644437159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal dynamics of ocular position dependence of the initial human vestibulo-ocular reflex
    • in press
    • Crane BT, Tian JR, Demer JL. Temporal dynamics of ocular position dependence of the initial human vestibulo-ocular reflex. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 (in press).
    • (2005) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
    • Crane, B.T.1    Tian, J.R.2    Demer, J.L.3
  • 50
    • 22144479365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human angular vestibulo-ocular reflex initiation: Relationship to Listing's Law
    • Crane BT, Tian JR, Demer JL. Human angular vestibulo-ocular reflex initiation: relationship to Listing's Law. Ann NY Acad Sci 2005; 1039:26-35. This study employed transient, high acceleration in yaw to study the initial human VOR in 3-D, finding quarter-angle dependence on the VOR axis on vertical eye position without time dependence.
    • (2005) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1039 , pp. 26-35
    • Crane, B.T.1    Tian, J.R.2    Demer, J.L.3
  • 51
    • 0026664650 scopus 로고
    • Symmetry of oculomotor burst neuron coordinates about Listing's plane
    • Crawford JD, Vilis T. Symmetry of oculomotor burst neuron coordinates about Listing's plane. J Neurophysiol 1992; 68:432-448.
    • (1992) J Neurophysiol , vol.68 , pp. 432-448
    • Crawford, J.D.1    Vilis, T.2
  • 52
    • 0030789591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual-motor optimization in binocular control
    • Tweed D. Visual-motor optimization in binocular control. Vis Res 1997; 37:1939-1951.
    • (1997) Vis Res , vol.37 , pp. 1939-1951
    • Tweed, D.1
  • 53
    • 0034796637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural and mechanical factors in eye control
    • Misslisch H, Tweed D. Neural and mechanical factors in eye control. J Neurophysiol 2001; 86:1877-1883.
    • (2001) J Neurophysiol , vol.86 , pp. 1877-1883
    • Misslisch, H.1    Tweed, D.2
  • 54
    • 1642458196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of eye orientation: Where does the brain's role end and the muscle's begin?
    • Angelaki DE, Hess BJ. Control of eye orientation: where does the brain's role end and the muscle's begin? Eur J Neurosci 2004; 19:1-10. A good summary of the fundamental controversy regarding the neural versus mechanical implementation of Listing's Law, advocating the position that most ocular kinematics are neurally encoded.
    • (2004) Eur J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 1-10
    • Angelaki, D.E.1    Hess, B.J.2
  • 55
    • 0037541423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional ocular kinematics during eccentric rotations: Evidence for functional rather than mechanical constraints
    • Angelaki DE. Three-dimensional ocular kinematics during eccentric rotations: Evidence for functional rather than mechanical constraints. J Neurophysiol 2003; 89:2685-2696.
    • (2003) J Neurophysiol , vol.89 , pp. 2685-2696
    • Angelaki, D.E.1
  • 56
    • 0031761475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human oculomotor system acounts for 3-D eye orientation in the visual-motor transformation for saccades
    • Klier EM, Crawford JD. Human oculomotor system acounts for 3-D eye orientation in the visual-motor transformation for saccades. J Neurophysiol 1998; 80:2274-2294.
    • (1998) J Neurophysiol , vol.80 , pp. 2274-2294
    • Klier, E.M.1    Crawford, J.D.2
  • 57
    • 0032946055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Listing's plane rotation with convergence: Role of disparity, accommodation, and depth perception
    • Kapoula Z, Bernotas M, Haslwanter T. Listing's plane rotation with convergence: role of disparity, accommodation, and depth perception. Exp Brain Res 1999; 126:175-186.
    • (1999) Exp Brain Res , vol.126 , pp. 175-186
    • Kapoula, Z.1    Bernotas, M.2    Haslwanter, T.3
  • 58
    • 0027074136 scopus 로고
    • Rotation of Listing's plane during vergence
    • Mok D, Ro A, Cadera W, et al. Rotation of Listing's plane during vergence. Vision Res 1992; 32:2055-2064.
    • (1992) Vision Res , vol.32 , pp. 2055-2064
    • Mok, D.1    Ro, A.2    Cadera, W.3
  • 59
    • 0034093931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccades from torsional offset positions back to Listing's plane
    • Lee C, Zee DS, Straumann D. Saccades from torsional offset positions back to Listing's plane. J Neurophysiol 2000; 83:3141-3253.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.83 , pp. 3141-3253
    • Lee, C.1    Zee, D.S.2    Straumann, D.3
  • 60
    • 0034115275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vestibular catch-up saccades in labyrinthine deficiency
    • Tian JR, Crane BT, Demer JL. Vestibular catch-up saccades in labyrinthine deficiency. Exp Brain Res 2000; 131:448-457.
    • (2000) Exp Brain Res , vol.131 , pp. 448-457
    • Tian, J.R.1    Crane, B.T.2    Demer, J.L.3
  • 61
    • 27144435564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging of human extraocular muscles during static ocular counter-rolling
    • Demer JL, Clark RA. Magnetic resonance imaging of human extraocular muscles during static ocular counter-rolling. J Neurophysiol 2005; 94:3292-3302. Demonstration by MRI in humans of torsional reconfiguration of rectus EOM pulleys during ocular counter-rolling reviews the kinematic and neural implications. This is the first investigation of pulley behavior during any VOR.
    • (2005) J Neurophysiol , vol.94 , pp. 3292-3302
    • Demer, J.L.1    Clark, R.A.2
  • 62
    • 22544447654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do motoneurons encode the noncommutativity of ocular rotations?
    • Ghasia FF, Angelaki DE. Do motoneurons encode the noncommutativity of ocular rotations? Neuron 2005; 47:281-293. A decisive, single-unit recording study in alert monkeys indicating absence of commands to cyclovertical EOMs to encode the torsion of Listing's Law during visually guided eye movement. This supports the conclusion that Listing's Law is mechanical. Perplexingly, no commands to cyclovertical EOMs were observed to encode the quarter-angle torsion during the VOR.
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.47 , pp. 281-293
    • Ghasia, F.F.1    Angelaki, D.E.2
  • 64
    • 0030881548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summation of extraocular motor unit tensions in the lateral rectus muscle of the cat
    • Goldberg SJ, Wilson KE, Shall MS. Summation of extraocular motor unit tensions in the lateral rectus muscle of the cat. Muscle Nerve 1997; 20:1229-1235.
    • (1997) Muscle Nerve , vol.20 , pp. 1229-1235
    • Goldberg, S.J.1    Wilson, K.E.2    Shall, M.S.3
  • 65
    • 0032535050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraocular motor unit and whole-muscle responses in the lateral rectus muscle of the squirrel monkey
    • Goldberg SJ, Meredith MA, Shall MS. Extraocular motor unit and whole-muscle responses in the lateral rectus muscle of the squirrel monkey. J Neurosci 1998; 18:10629-10639.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 10629-10639
    • Goldberg, S.J.1    Meredith, M.A.2    Shall, M.S.3
  • 66
    • 0034896929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular counterroll modulates the preferred direction of saccade-related pontine burst neurons in the monkey
    • Scherberger H, Cabungcal J-H, Hepp K, et al. Ocular counterroll modulates the preferred direction of saccade-related pontine burst neurons in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 2001; 86:935-949.
    • (2001) J Neurophysiol , vol.86 , pp. 935-949
    • Scherberger, H.1    Cabungcal, J.-H.2    Hepp, K.3
  • 67
    • 0041315424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gravity modulates Listing's plane orientation during both pursuit and saccades
    • Hess BJM, Angelaki DE. Gravity modulates Listing's plane orientation during both pursuit and saccades. J Neurophysiol 2003; 90:1340-1345.
    • (2003) J Neurophysiol , vol.90 , pp. 1340-1345
    • Hess, B.J.M.1    Angelaki, D.E.2
  • 68
    • 0030774034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic principles of primate rotational vestibuloocular reflex II. Gravity-dependent modulation of primary eye position
    • Hess BJM, Angelaki DE. Kinematic principles of primate rotational vestibuloocular reflex II. Gravity-dependent modulation of primary eye position. J Neurophysiol 1997; 78:2203-2216.
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.78 , pp. 2203-2216
    • Hess, B.J.M.1    Angelaki, D.E.2
  • 69
    • 0030758818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic principles of primate rotational vestibuloocular reflex. I. Spatial organization of fast phase velocity axes
    • Hess BJM, Angelaki DE. Kinematic principles of primate rotational vestibuloocular reflex. I. Spatial organization of fast phase velocity axes. J Neurophysiol 1997; 78:2193-2202.
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.78 , pp. 2193-2202
    • Hess, B.J.M.1    Angelaki, D.E.2
  • 70
    • 0142058580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Static ocular counterroll is implemented through the 3-D neural integrator
    • Crawford JD, Tweed DB, Vilis T. Static ocular counterroll is implemented through the 3-D neural integrator. J Neurophysiol 2003; 90:2777-2784.
    • (2003) J Neurophysiol , vol.90 , pp. 2777-2784
    • Crawford, J.D.1    Tweed, D.B.2    Vilis, T.3
  • 71
    • 0031898079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The collicular code of saccade direction depends on the roll orientation of the head relative to gravity
    • Frens MA, Suzuki Y, Scherberger H, et al. The collicular code of saccade direction depends on the roll orientation of the head relative to gravity. Exp Brain Res 1998; 120:283-290.
    • (1998) Exp Brain Res , vol.120 , pp. 283-290
    • Frens, M.A.1    Suzuki, Y.2    Scherberger, H.3
  • 73
    • 0026434588 scopus 로고
    • Two- rather than three-dimensional representation of saccades in monkey superior colliculus
    • Van Opstal AJ, Hepp K, Hess BJ, et al. Two- rather than three-dimensional representation of saccades in monkey superior colliculus. Science 1991; 252:1313-1315.
    • (1991) Science , vol.252 , pp. 1313-1315
    • Van Opstal, A.J.1    Hepp, K.2    Hess, B.J.3
  • 74
    • 0030819422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual-motor transformations required for accurate and kinematically correct saccades
    • Crawford JD, Guitton D. Visual-motor transformations required for accurate and kinematically correct saccades. J Neurophysiol 1997; 78:1447-1467.
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.78 , pp. 1447-1467
    • Crawford, J.D.1    Guitton, D.2
  • 75
    • 0033762769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple control laws generates Listing's positions in a detailed model of the extraocular muscle system
    • Porrill J, Warren PA, Dean P. A simple control laws generates Listing's positions in a detailed model of the extraocular muscle system. Vis Res 2000; 40:3743-3758.
    • (2000) Vis Res , vol.40 , pp. 3743-3758
    • Porrill, J.1    Warren, P.A.2    Dean, P.3
  • 76
    • 0036268298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive neural mechanism for Listing's law revealed in patients with fourth nerve palsy
    • Wong AMF, Sharpe JA, Tweed D. Adaptive neural mechanism for Listing's law revealed in patients with fourth nerve palsy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43:1796-1803.
    • (2002) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.43 , pp. 1796-1803
    • Wong, A.M.F.1    Sharpe, J.A.2    Tweed, D.3
  • 77
    • 0141764902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary position and Listing's law in acquired and congenital trochlear nerve palsy
    • Straumann D, Steffen H, Landau K, et al. Primary position and Listing's law in acquired and congenital trochlear nerve palsy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44:4282-4292.
    • (2003) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.44 , pp. 4282-4292
    • Straumann, D.1    Steffen, H.2    Landau, K.3
  • 78
    • 4344632332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vergence-mediated changes in Listing's plane do not occur in an eye with superior oblique palsy
    • Migliaccio AA, Cremer PD, Sw ST, Halmagyi GM. Vergence-mediated changes in Listing's plane do not occur in an eye with superior oblique palsy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45:3043-3047. This study demonstrated in humans that the Listing's planes of eyes with trochlear palsy did not tilt temporally with convergence in the normal manner, consistent with the idea that the superior oblique muscle is involved in the temporal tilting.
    • (2004) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.45 , pp. 3043-3047
    • Migliaccio, A.A.1    Cremer, P.D.2    Sw, S.T.3    Halmagyi, G.M.4
  • 79
    • 0037388706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premotor neurons encode torsional eye velocity during smooth-pursuit eye movements
    • Angelaki DE, Dickman DJ. Premotor neurons encode torsional eye velocity during smooth-pursuit eye movements. J Neurosci 2003; 23:2971-2979.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 2971-2979
    • Angelaki, D.E.1    Dickman, D.J.2
  • 80
    • 30644474961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of strabismus
    • Taylor D, Hoyt C, editors. London: Elsevier
    • Demer JL. The anatomy of strabismus. In: Taylor D, Hoyt C, editors. Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 3rd ed. London: Elsevier; 2005. pp. 849-861. This is a detailed, recent textbook chapter describing the functional anatomy of the orbital pulley system, with applications to strabismus and strabismus surgery.
    • (2005) Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 3rd Ed. , pp. 849-861
    • Demer, J.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.