메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 78, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 1447-1467

Visual-motor transformations required for accurate and kinematically correct saccades

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN MAPPING; COMPUTER MODEL; EYE MOVEMENT CONTROL; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NEUROTRANSMISSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VISUOMOTOR COORDINATION;

EID: 0030819422     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1997.78.3.1447     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (88)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0022344210 scopus 로고
    • Encoding of spatial location by posterior parietal neurons
    • ANDERSEN, R. A., ESSICK, G. K., AND SIEGEL, R. M. Encoding of spatial location by posterior parietal neurons. Science 230: 456-458, 1985.
    • (1985) Science , vol.230 , pp. 456-458
    • Andersen, R.A.1    Essick, G.K.2    Siegel, R.M.3
  • 2
    • 0025781601 scopus 로고
    • Natural coordinates for specification of eye movement
    • CLEMENT, R. A. Natural coordinates for specification of eye movement. Vision Res. 31: 2029-2032, 1991.
    • (1991) Vision Res. , vol.31 , pp. 2029-2032
    • Clement, R.A.1
  • 3
    • 0027942703 scopus 로고
    • The oculomotor neural integrator uses a behavior-related coordinate system
    • CRAWFORD, J. D. The oculomotor neural integrator uses a behavior-related coordinate system. J. Neurosci. 14: 6911-6923, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 6911-6923
    • Crawford, J.D.1
  • 4
    • 0026086858 scopus 로고
    • Axes of eye rotation and Listing's law during rotations of the head
    • CRAWFORD, J. D. AND VILIS, T. Axes of eye rotation and Listing's law during rotations of the head. J. Neurophysiol. 65: 407-423, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.65 , pp. 407-423
    • Crawford, J.D.1    Vilis, T.2
  • 5
    • 0026664650 scopus 로고
    • Symmetry of oculomotor burst neuron coordinates about Listing's plane
    • CRAWFORD, J. D. AND VILIS, T. Symmetry of oculomotor burst neuron coordinates about Listing's plane. J. Neurophysiol. 68: 432-448, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.68 , pp. 432-448
    • Crawford, J.D.1    Vilis, T.2
  • 6
    • 0028917733 scopus 로고
    • How does the brain deal with the problems of rotational movement?
    • CRAWFORD, J. D. AND VILIS, T. How does the brain deal with the problems of rotational movement? J. Mot. Behav. 27: 89-99, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Mot. Behav. , vol.27 , pp. 89-99
    • Crawford, J.D.1    Vilis, T.2
  • 8
    • 0026512482 scopus 로고
    • The updating of the representation of visual space in parietal cortex by intended eye movements
    • DUHAMEL, J.-R., COLBY, C. L., AND GOLDBERG, M. E. The updating of the representation of visual space in parietal cortex by intended eye movements. Science 255: 90-92, 1992.
    • (1992) Science , vol.255 , pp. 90-92
    • Duhamel, J.-R.1    Colby, C.L.2    Goldberg, M.E.3
  • 9
    • 0023244868 scopus 로고
    • A direct test of Listing's law. I. Human ocular torsion measured in static tertiary positions
    • FERMAN, L., COLLEWIJN, H., AND VAN DEN BERG, A. V. A direct test of Listing's law. I. Human ocular torsion measured in static tertiary positions. Vision Res. 27: 929-938, 1987.
    • (1987) Vision Res. , vol.27 , pp. 929-938
    • Ferman, L.1    Collewijn, H.2    Van Den Berg, A.V.3
  • 11
    • 0029800889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined eye-head gaze shifts produced by electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus in rhesus monkeys
    • FREEDMAN, E. G., STANFORD, T. R., AND SPARKS, D. L. Combined eye-head gaze shifts produced by electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus in rhesus monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 76: 927-951, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.76 , pp. 927-951
    • Freedman, E.G.1    Stanford, T.R.2    Sparks, D.L.3
  • 12
    • 0014118332 scopus 로고
    • Saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements in the monkey
    • FUCHS, A. F. Saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements in the monkey. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 191: 609-631, 1967.
    • (1967) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.191 , pp. 609-631
    • Fuchs, A.F.1
  • 13
    • 0025447302 scopus 로고
    • A computational analysis of screw transformations in robotics
    • FUNDA, J. AND PAUL, R. P. A computational analysis of screw transformations in robotics. IEEE Trans. Robotics Automation 6: 348-356, 1990.
    • (1990) IEEE Trans. Robotics Automation , vol.6 , pp. 348-356
    • Funda, J.1    Paul, R.P.2
  • 14
    • 0025130598 scopus 로고
    • Primate frontal eye fields. III. Maintenance of a spatially accurate saccade signal
    • GOLDBERG, M. E. AND BRUCE, C. J. Primate frontal eye fields. III. Maintenance of a spatially accurate saccade signal. J. Neurophysiol. 64: 489-508, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.64 , pp. 489-508
    • Goldberg, M.E.1    Bruce, C.J.2
  • 15
    • 0026061916 scopus 로고
    • Sensorimotor transformations during eye movements to remembered visual targets
    • GNADT, J. W., BRACEWELL, R. M., AND ANDERSEN, R. A. Sensorimotor transformations during eye movements to remembered visual targets. Vision Res. 31: 693-715, 1991.
    • (1991) Vision Res. , vol.31 , pp. 693-715
    • Gnadt, J.W.1    Bracewell, R.M.2    Andersen, R.A.3
  • 16
    • 0016907306 scopus 로고
    • Saccadic eye movements to flashed targets
    • HALLET, P. E. AND LIGHTSTONE, A. D. Saccadic eye movements to flashed targets. Vision Res. 16: 107-114, 1976.
    • (1976) Vision Res. , vol.16 , pp. 107-114
    • Hallet, P.E.1    Lightstone, A.D.2
  • 17
    • 0029022686 scopus 로고
    • Mathematics of three-dimensional eye rotations
    • HASLWANTER, T. Mathematics of three-dimensional eye rotations. Vision Res. 35: 1727-1739, 1995.
    • (1995) Vision Res. , vol.35 , pp. 1727-1739
    • Haslwanter, T.1
  • 18
    • 0024577330 scopus 로고
    • Considerations of Listing's law and the primary position by means of a matrix description of eye position control
    • HAUSTEIN, W. Considerations of Listing's law and the primary position by means of a matrix description of eye position control. Biol. Cybern. 60: 411-420, 1989.
    • (1989) Biol. Cybern. , vol.60 , pp. 411-420
    • Haustein, W.1
  • 19
    • 0025022014 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of retinal orientation and gaze direction in the perception of the vertical
    • HAUSTEIN, W. AND MITTELSTAEDT, H. Evaluation of retinal orientation and gaze direction in the perception of the vertical. Vision Res. 30: 255-262, 1990.
    • (1990) Vision Res. , vol.30 , pp. 255-262
    • Haustein, W.1    Mittelstaedt, H.2
  • 20
    • 0003351328 scopus 로고
    • English translation. Translated by J.P.C. Southall. Rochester, NY: Opt. Soc. Am.
    • VON HELMHOLTZ, H. Treatise on Physiological Optics (English translation). Translated by J.P.C. Southall. Rochester, NY: Opt. Soc. Am., 1925, vol. 3, p. 44-51.
    • (1925) Treatise on Physiological Optics , vol.3 , pp. 44-51
    • Von Helmholtz, H.1
  • 21
    • 0024429727 scopus 로고
    • Rapid eye movement generation in the primate: Physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications
    • HENN, V., HEPP, K., AND VILIS, T. Rapid eye movement generation in the primate: physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 145: 540-545, 1989.
    • (1989) Rev. Neurol. (Paris) , vol.145 , pp. 540-545
    • Henn, V.1    Hepp, K.2    Vilis, T.3
  • 22
    • 0028578110 scopus 로고
    • Oculomotor control: Listing's law and all that
    • HEPP, K. Oculomotor control: Listing's law and all that. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 4: 862-868, 1994.
    • (1994) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.4 , pp. 862-868
    • Hepp, K.1
  • 23
    • 0021916185 scopus 로고
    • Isofrequency curves of oculomotor neurons in the rhesus monkey
    • HEPP K. AND HENN V. Isofrequency curves of oculomotor neurons in the rhesus monkey. Vision Res. 25: 493-499, 1985.
    • (1985) Vision Res. , vol.25 , pp. 493-499
    • Hepp, K.1    Henn, V.2
  • 24
    • 0027413041 scopus 로고
    • Monkey superior colliculus represents rapid eye movements in a two-dimensional motor map
    • HEPP, K., VAN OPSTAL, A. J., STRAUMANN, D., HESS, B.M.J., AND HENN, V. Monkey superior colliculus represents rapid eye movements in a two-dimensional motor map. J. Neurophysiol. 69: 965-979, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.69 , pp. 965-979
    • Hepp, K.1    Van Opstal, A.J.2    Straumann, D.3    Hess, B.M.J.4    Henn, V.5
  • 25
    • 0003381767 scopus 로고
    • On the 3-dimensional rapid eye movement generator in the monkey
    • edited by J. M. Delgado-Garcia, E. Godeaux, and P. P. Vidai. Oxford, UK: Pergamon
    • HEPP, K., SUZUKI, J., STRAUMANN, D., AND HESS, B.J.M. On the 3-dimensional rapid eye movement generator in the monkey. In: Information Processing Underlying Gaze Control, edited by J. M. Delgado-Garcia, E. Godeaux, and P. P. Vidai. Oxford, UK: Pergamon, 1994, p. 65-74.
    • (1994) Information Processing Underlying Gaze Control , pp. 65-74
    • Hepp, K.1    Suzuki, J.2    Straumann, D.3    Hess, B.J.M.4
  • 27
    • 0019367544 scopus 로고
    • Natural and drug induced variations of velocity and duration of human saccadic eye movements: Evidence for a control of the neural pulse generator by local feedback
    • JÜRGENS, R., BECKER, W., AND KORNHUBER, H. Natural and drug induced variations of velocity and duration of human saccadic eye movements: evidence for a control of the neural pulse generator by local feedback. Biol. Cybern. 39: 87-96, 1981.
    • (1981) Biol. Cybern. , vol.39 , pp. 87-96
    • Jürgens, R.1    Becker, W.2    Kornhuber, H.3
  • 28
    • 0015368888 scopus 로고
    • Activity of brainstem neurons during eye movements of alert monkeys
    • LUSCHEI, E. S. AND FUCHS, A. F. Activity of brainstem neurons during eye movements of alert monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 35: 445-461, 1972.
    • (1972) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.35 , pp. 445-461
    • Luschei, E.S.1    Fuchs, A.F.2
  • 29
    • 0023124227 scopus 로고
    • Extraocular muscle sideslip and orbital geometry in monkeys
    • MILLER, J. M. AND ROBINS, D. Extraocular muscle sideslip and orbital geometry in monkeys. Vision Res. 27: 381-392, 1987.
    • (1987) Vision Res. , vol.27 , pp. 381-392
    • Miller, J.M.1    Robins, D.2
  • 30
    • 0028215788 scopus 로고
    • The anatomy and physiology of primate neurons that control rapid eye movements
    • MOSCHOVAKIS, A. K. AND HIGHSTEIN, S. M. The anatomy and physiology of primate neurons that control rapid eye movements. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 17: 465-488, 1994.
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 465-488
    • Moschovakis, A.K.1    Highstein, S.M.2
  • 31
    • 0026343003 scopus 로고
    • Control of orienting gaze shifts by the tecto-reticulo-spinal system in the head free cat. III. Spatiotemporal characteristics of phasic motor discharges
    • MUNOZ, D. P., GUITTON, D., AND PÉLLISSON, D. Control of orienting gaze shifts by the tecto-reticulo-spinal system in the head free cat. III. Spatiotemporal characteristics of phasic motor discharges. J. Neurophysiol. 66: 1642-1666, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.66 , pp. 1642-1666
    • Munoz, D.P.1    Guitton, D.2    Péllisson, D.3
  • 32
    • 0002539632 scopus 로고
    • Coordination of extraocular muscles
    • edited by P. Bach-y-Rita and G. Lennerstrand. Oxford, UK: Pergamon
    • NAKAYAMA, K. Coordination of extraocular muscles. In: Basic Mechanisms of Ocular Motility and Their Clinical Implications, edited by P. Bach-y-Rita and G. Lennerstrand. Oxford, UK: Pergamon, 1975, p. 193-207.
    • (1975) Basic Mechanisms of Ocular Motility and Their Clinical Implications , pp. 193-207
    • Nakayama, K.1
  • 33
    • 0001061505 scopus 로고
    • Kinematics of normal and strabismic eyes
    • edited by C. M. Schor and K.J. Ciuffreda. Boston, MA: Butterworths
    • NAKAYAMA, K. Kinematics of normal and strabismic eyes. In: Vergence Eye Movements: Basic and Clinical Aspects, edited by C. M. Schor and K.J. Ciuffreda. Boston, MA: Butterworths, 1983, p. 543-564.
    • (1983) Vergence Eye Movements: Basic and Clinical Aspects , pp. 543-564
    • Nakayama, K.1
  • 34
    • 0015432480 scopus 로고
    • Eye movements evoked by collicular stimulation in the alert monkey
    • ROBINSON, D. A. Eye movements evoked by collicular stimulation in the alert monkey. Vision Res. 12: 1795-1808, 1972.
    • (1972) Vision Res. , vol.12 , pp. 1795-1808
    • Robinson, D.A.1
  • 35
  • 36
    • 0020355007 scopus 로고
    • Use of matrices in analyzing the three-dimensional behaviour of the vestibulo-ocular reflex
    • ROBINSON, D. A. Use of matrices in analyzing the three-dimensional behaviour of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Biol. Cybern. 46: 53-66, 1982.
    • (1982) Biol. Cybern. , vol.46 , pp. 53-66
    • Robinson, D.A.1
  • 37
    • 0345057661 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical considerations of the function and circuitry of various rapid eye movements
    • edited by A. F. Fuchs and W. Becker. New York: Elsevier/North-Holland
    • ROBINSON, D. A. AND ZEE, D. S. Theoretical considerations of the function and circuitry of various rapid eye movements. In: Progress in Oculomotor Research, Developments in Neuroscience, edited by A. F. Fuchs and W. Becker. New York: Elsevier/North-Holland, 1981, vol. 12, p. 3-9.
    • (1981) Progress in Oculomotor Research, Developments in Neuroscience , vol.12 , pp. 3-9
    • Robinson, D.A.1    Zee, D.S.2
  • 38
    • 0015429629 scopus 로고
    • Single unit recording and stimulation in superior colliculus of alert rhesus monkey
    • SCHILLER, P. H. AND STRYKER, M. Single unit recording and stimulation in superior colliculus of alert rhesus monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 35: 915-924, 1972.
    • (1972) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.35 , pp. 915-924
    • Schiller, P.H.1    Stryker, M.2
  • 39
    • 0024329950 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between natural and electrically evoked saccades. II. At what time is eye position sampled as a reference for the localization of a target?
    • SCHLAG, J., SCHLAG-REY, M., AND DASSONVILLE, P. Interactions between natural and electrically evoked saccades. II. At what time is eye position sampled as a reference for the localization of a target? Exp. Brain Res. 76: 548-558, 1989.
    • (1989) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.76 , pp. 548-558
    • Schlag, J.1    Schlag-Rey, M.2    Dassonville, P.3
  • 40
    • 0028127994 scopus 로고
    • Modelling three-dimensional velocity to position transformation in oculomotor control
    • SCHNABOLK, C. AND RAPHAN, T. Modelling three-dimensional velocity to position transformation in oculomotor control. J. Neurophysiol. 71: 623-638, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.71 , pp. 623-638
    • Schnabolk, C.1    Raphan, T.2
  • 41
    • 0023936867 scopus 로고
    • A new local feedback model of the saccadic burst generator
    • SCUDDER, C. A. A new local feedback model of the saccadic burst generator. J. Neurophysiol. 59: 1455-1475, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.59 , pp. 1455-1475
    • Scudder, C.A.1
  • 42
    • 0023749318 scopus 로고
    • Neural cartography: Sensory and motor maps in the superior colliculus
    • SPARKS, D. L. Neural cartography: sensory and motor maps in the superior colliculus. Brain Behav. Evol. 31: 49-56, 1988.
    • (1988) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.31 , pp. 49-56
    • Sparks, D.L.1
  • 43
    • 0020657107 scopus 로고
    • Spatial localization of saccade targets. I. Compensation for stimulation-induced perturbations in eye position
    • SPARKS, D. L. AND MAYS, L. E. Spatial localization of saccade targets. I. Compensation for stimulation-induced perturbations in eye position. J. Neurophysiol. 49: 45-63, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.49 , pp. 45-63
    • Sparks, D.L.1    Mays, L.E.2
  • 44
    • 0023226779 scopus 로고
    • Eye movements induced by pontine stimulation: Interaction with visually triggered saccades
    • SPARKS, D. L., MAYS, L. E., AND PORTER, J. D. Eye movements induced by pontine stimulation: interaction with visually triggered saccades. J. Neurophysiol. 58: 300-318, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.58 , pp. 300-318
    • Sparks, D.L.1    Mays, L.E.2    Porter, J.D.3
  • 45
    • 0028366452 scopus 로고
    • Systematic errors for saccades to remembered targets: Evidence for a dissociation between saccade metrics and activity in the superior colliculus
    • STANFORD, T. R. AND SPARKS, D. L. Systematic errors for saccades to remembered targets: evidence for a dissociation between saccade metrics and activity in the superior colliculus. Vision Res. 34: 93-106, 1994.
    • (1994) Vision Res. , vol.34 , pp. 93-106
    • Stanford, T.R.1    Sparks, D.L.2
  • 46
    • 0028829661 scopus 로고
    • Transient torsion and cyclovergence during and after saccades
    • STRAUMANN, D., ZEE, D. S., SOLOMON, D., LASKER, A. G., AND ROBERTS, D. C. Transient torsion and cyclovergence during and after saccades. Vision Res. 35: 3321-3335, 1995.
    • (1995) Vision Res. , vol.35 , pp. 3321-3335
    • Straumann, D.1    Zee, D.S.2    Solomon, D.3    Lasker, A.G.4    Roberts, D.C.5
  • 47
    • 0028789752 scopus 로고
    • Deficits in torsional and vertical rapid eye movements and shift of Listing's plane after uni- and bilateral lesions of the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus
    • SUZUKI, Y., BÜTTNER-ENNEVER, J. A., STRAUMANN, D., HEPP, K., HESS, B.J.M., AND HENN, V. Deficits in torsional and vertical rapid eye movements and shift of Listing's plane after uni- and bilateral lesions of the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Exp. Brain Res. 106: 215-232, 1995.
    • (1995) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.106 , pp. 215-232
    • Suzuki, Y.1    Büttner-Ennever, J.A.2    Straumann, D.3    Hepp, K.4    Hess, B.J.M.5    Henn, V.6
  • 48
    • 0028924150 scopus 로고
    • Eye head coordination during large gaze shifts
    • TWEED, D., GLENN, B., AND VILIS, T. Eye head coordination during large gaze shifts. J. Neurophysiol. 73: 766-779, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.73 , pp. 766-779
    • Tweed, D.1    Glenn, B.2    Vilis, T.3
  • 49
    • 0027990322 scopus 로고
    • Testing models of the oculomotor velocity to position transformation
    • TWEED, D., MISSLISCH, H., AND FETTER, M. Testing models of the oculomotor velocity to position transformation. J. Neurophysiol. 72: 1425-1429, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.72 , pp. 1425-1429
    • Tweed, D.1    Misslisch, H.2    Fetter, M.3
  • 50
    • 0023513576 scopus 로고
    • Implications of rotational kinematics for the oculomotor system in three dimensions
    • TWEED, D. AND VILIS, T. Implications of rotational kinematics for the oculomotor system in three dimensions. J. Neurophysiol. 58: 832-849, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.58 , pp. 832-849
    • Tweed, D.1    Vilis, T.2
  • 51
    • 0025060338 scopus 로고
    • Geometric relations of eye position and velocity vectors during saccades
    • TWEED, D. AND VILIS, T. Geometric relations of eye position and velocity vectors during saccades. Vision Res. 30: 111-127, 1990a.
    • (1990) Vision Res. , vol.30 , pp. 111-127
    • Tweed, D.1    Vilis, T.2
  • 52
    • 0025211470 scopus 로고
    • The superior colliculus and spatiotemporal translation in the saccadic system
    • TWEED, D. AND VILIS, T. The superior colliculus and spatiotemporal translation in the saccadic system. Neural Networks 3: 75-86, 1990b.
    • (1990) Neural Networks , vol.3 , pp. 75-86
    • Tweed, D.1    Vilis, T.2
  • 53
    • 0001016425 scopus 로고
    • A novel interpretation for the collicular role in saccade generation
    • VAN OPSTAL, A. J. AND HEPP, K. A novel interpretation for the collicular role in saccade generation. Biol. Cybern. 73: 431-445, 1995.
    • (1995) Biol. Cybern. , vol.73 , pp. 431-445
    • Van Opstal, A.J.1    Hepp, K.2
  • 54
    • 0026434588 scopus 로고
    • Two- rather than three-dimensional representation of saccades in monkey superior colliculus
    • VAN OPSTAL, A. J., HEPP, K., HESS, B.J.M., STRAUMANN, D., AND HENN, V. Two-rather than three-dimensional representation of saccades in monkey superior colliculus. Science 252: 1313-1315, 1991.
    • (1991) Science , vol.252 , pp. 1313-1315
    • Van Opstal, A.J.1    Hepp, K.2    Hess, B.J.M.3    Straumann, D.4    Henn, V.5
  • 55
    • 0028826690 scopus 로고
    • Influence of eye position on activity in monkey superior colliculus
    • VAN OPSTAL, A. J., HEPP, K., SUZUKI, Y., AND HENN, V. Influence of eye position on activity in monkey superior colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 74: 1593-1610, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.74 , pp. 1593-1610
    • Van Opstal, A.J.1    Hepp, K.2    Suzuki, Y.3    Henn, V.4
  • 56
    • 0029851165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of monkey nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in the stabilization of Listing's plane
    • VAN OPSTAL, A. J., HEPP, K., SUZUKI, Y., AND HENN, V. Role of monkey nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in the stabilization of Listing's plane. J. Neurosci. 16: 7284-7296, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 7284-7296
    • Van Opstal, A.J.1    Hepp, K.2    Suzuki, Y.3    Henn, V.4
  • 57
    • 0026351148 scopus 로고
    • Superior colliculus neurons mediate the dynamic characteristics of saccades
    • WAITZMAN, D. M., MA, T. P., OPTICAN, L. M., AND WURTZ, R. H. Superior colliculus neurons mediate the dynamic characteristics of saccades. J. Neurophysiol. 66: 1716-1737, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.66 , pp. 1716-1737
    • Waitzman, D.M.1    Ma, T.P.2    Optican, L.M.3    Wurtz, R.H.4
  • 58
    • 0001565660 scopus 로고
    • Kinematics of the eye
    • WESTHEIMER, G. Kinematics of the eye. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 47: 967-974, 1957.
    • (1957) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.47 , pp. 967-974
    • Westheimer, G.1
  • 59
    • 0344466513 scopus 로고
    • Saccadic eye movements
    • edited by V. Zikmund. Bratislava, Czech Republic: Slovak Acad. Sciences
    • WESTHEIMER, G. Saccadic eye movements. In: The Oculomotor System and Brain Functions, edited by V. Zikmund. Bratislava, Czech Republic: Slovak Acad. Sciences, 1973, p. 57-77.
    • (1973) The Oculomotor System and Brain Functions , pp. 57-77
    • Westheimer, G.1
  • 60
    • 0028366287 scopus 로고
    • Saccades to remembered target locations: An analysis of systematic and variable errors
    • WHITE, J. M., SPARKS, D. L., AND STANFORD, T. R. Saccades to remembered target locations: an analysis of systematic and variable errors. Vision Res. 34: 79-92, 1994.
    • (1994) Vision Res. , vol.34 , pp. 79-92
    • White, J.M.1    Sparks, D.L.2    Stanford, T.R.3
  • 62
    • 0018894026 scopus 로고
    • Visual-motor function of the primate superior colliculus
    • WURTZ, R. H. AND ALBANO, J. E. Visual-motor function of the primate superior colliculus. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 3: 189-226, 1980.
    • (1980) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 189-226
    • Wurtz, R.H.1    Albano, J.E.2
  • 65
    • 0023877474 scopus 로고
    • A back-propogation programmed network that simulates response properties of a subset of posterior parietal neurons
    • ZIPSER, D. AND ANDERSEN, R. A. A back-propogation programmed network that simulates response properties of a subset of posterior parietal neurons. Nature 331: 679-684, 1988.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.331 , pp. 679-684
    • Zipser, D.1    Andersen, R.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.