Primary intracerebral hemorrhage: Pathophysiology

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences

Volumn 32, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2005, Pages

  Auer, Roland N ^a   Sutherland, Garnette R ^a,b  

^a Seaman Family MR Research Centre   (Canada)

^b FOOTHILLS HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTEPLASE; AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; COLLAGEN; FIBRIN; INSULIN; RECOMBINANT BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 7A;

AMYLOIDOSIS; APOPTOSIS; ARTERIOLE; ARTERY CONSTRICTION; ARTERY OCCLUSION; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; BRAIN ARTERY ANEURYSM; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CELL DEATH; CELL PROLIFERATION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CHARCOT BOUCHARD ANEURYSM; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONFERENCE PAPER; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; HEMOSTASIS; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTENSION; NEUROPATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULSE PRESSURE; VASCULAR AMYLOIDOSIS; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE;

BRAIN; CEREBRAL AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; HUMANS;

EID: 31644446888     PISSN: 03171671     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (81)

1. Mayer SA, Brun NC, Begtrup K, Broderick J, Davis S, Diringer MN, et al. Recombinant Activated Factor VII Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial Investigators. Recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:777-85.
2. Barnett HJ, Buchan AM. The imperative to develop dedicated stroke centers. JAMA. 2000;283:3125-6.
3. Hankey GJ, Hon C. Surgery for primary intracerebral hemorrhage: is it safe and effective? A systematic review of case series and randomized trials. Stroke. 1997;28:2126-32.
4. Tan SH, Ng PY, Yeo TT, Wong SH, Ong PL, Venketasubramanian N. Hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage: a prospective study comparing surgical and nonsurgical management. Surg Neurol. 2001;56:287-92.
5. Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Fernandes HM, Murray GD, Teasdale GM, Hope DT, et al. STICH investigators. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomized trial. Lancet. 2005;365:387-97.
6. Batjer HH, Reisch JS, Allen BC, Plaizier LJ, Su CJ. Failure of surgery to improve outcome in hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage. A prospective randomized trial. Arch Neurol. 1990;47:1103-6.
7. Foulkes MA, Wolf PA, Price TR, Mohr JP, Hier DB. The Stroke Data Bank: design, methods, and baseline characteristics. Stroke. 1988;19:547-54.
8. Intiso D, Stampatore P, Zarrelli MM, Guerra GL, Arpaia G, Simone P, et al. Incidence of first-ever ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in a well-defined community of southern Italy, 1993-1995. Eur J Neurol. 2003;10:559-65.
9. Qureshi AI, Tuhrim S, Broderick JP, Batjer HH, Hondo H, Hanley DF. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1450-60.
10. Qureshi AI, Suri MF, Mohammad Y, Guterman LR, Hopkins LN. Isolated and borderline isolated systolic hypertension relative to long-term risk and type of stroke: a 20-year follow-up of the national health and nutrition survey. Stroke. 2002;33:2781-8.
11. Skidmore CT, Andrefsky J. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and medical management. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2002;13:281-8.
12. Woo D, Broderick JP. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: epidemiology and clinical presentation. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2002;13:265-279.
13. Kurth T, Kase CS, Berger K, Gaziano JM, Cook NR, Buring JE. Smoking and risk of hemorrhagic stroke in women. Stroke. 2003;34:2792-5.
14. Woo D, Sauerbeck LR, Kissela BM, Khoury JC, Szaflarski JP, Gebel J, et al. Genetic and environmental risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage: preliminary results of a population-based study. Stroke. 2002;33:1190-5.
15. Ariesen MJ, Claus SP, Rinkel GJ, Algra A. Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in the general population: a systematic review. Stroke. 2003;34:2060-5.
16. Iribarren C, Jacobs DR, Sadler M, Claxton AJ, Sidney S. Low total serum cholesterol and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke: is the association confined to elderly men? The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program. Stroke. 1996;27:1993-8.
17. Kim JS, Lee JH, Lee MC. Small primary intracerebral hemorrhage. Clinical presentation of 28 cases. Stroke. 1994;25:1500-6.
18. Qureshi AI, Safdar K, Weil J, Barch C, Bliwise DL, Colohan AR, et al. Predictors of early deterioration and mortality in black Americans with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 1995;26:1764-7.
19. Broderick J, Brott T, Barsan W, Haley EC, Levy D, Marier J, et al. Blood pressure during the first minutes of focal cerebral ischemia. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:1438-43.
20. Mayer SA, Sacco RL, Shi T, Mohr JP. Neurologic deterioration in noncomatose patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 1994;44:1379-84.
21. Brott T, Broderick J, Kothari R, Barsan W, Tomsick T, Sauerbeck L, et al. Early hemorrhage growth in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 1997;28:1-5.
22. Fujii Y, Tanaka R, Takeuchi S, Koike T, Minakawa T, Sasaki O. Hematoma enlargement in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 1994;80:51-7.
23. Fujitsu K, Muramoto M, Ikeda Y, Inada Y, Kim I, Kuwabara T. Indications for surgical treatment of putaminal hemorrhage. Comparative study based on serial CT and time-course analysis. J Neurosurg. 1990;73:518-25.
24. Kazui S, Naritomi H, Yamamoto H, Sawada T, Yamaguchi T. Enlargement of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Incidence and time course. Stroke. 1996;27:1783-7.
25. Nilsson OG, Lindgren A, Brandt L, Säveland H. Prediction of death in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage: a prospective study of a defined population. J Neurosurg 2002;97:531-6.
26. Passero S, Ciacci G, Ulivelli M. The influence of diabetes and hyperglycemia on clinical course after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2003;61:1351-6.
27. Pulsinelli WA, Levy DE, Sigsbee B, Scherer P, Plum F. Increased damage after ischemic stroke in patients with hyperglycemia with or without diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 1983;74:540-4.
28. Dumont AS, Dumont RJ, McNeill JH, Kassell NF, Sutherland GR, Verma S. Chronic endothelin antagonism restores cerebrovascular function in diabetes. Neurosurgery. 2003;52:653-60.
29. Mendelow AD. Mechanisms of ischemic brain damage with intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 1993;24:I115-17.
30. Qureshi AI, Wilson DA, Hanley DF, Traystman RJ. No evidence for an ischemic penumbra in massive experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 1999;52:266-72.
31. Sutherland GR, Peeling J, Sutherland E, Tyson R, Dai F, Kozlowski P, et al. Forebrain ischemia in diabetic and nondiabetic BB rats studied with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Diabetes. 1992;41:1328-34.
32. Pulsinelli WA, Levy DE, Sigsbee B, Scherer P, Plum F. Increased damage after ischemic stroke in patients with hyperglycemia with or without diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 1983;74:540-4.
33. Song EC, Chu K, Jeong SW, Jung KH, Kim SH, Kim M, et al. Hyperglycemia exacerbates brain edema and perihematomal cell death after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2003;34:2215-20.
34. Li XG, Somogyi P, Ylinen A, Buzsaki G. The hippocampal CA3 network: an in vivo intracellular labeling study. J Comp Neurol. 1994;339:181-208.
35. Siesjö BK, Katsura K, Mellergård P, Ekholm A, Lundgren J, Smith M-L. Acidosis-related brain damage. Prog Brain Res. 1993;96:23-45.
36. Tyson RL, Sutherland GR, Peeling J. 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectral changes during and after forebrain ischemia in hypoglycemic, normoglycemic, and hyperglycemic rats. Stroke. 1996;27:957-64.
37. Hornyák C, Kovács T, Pajor P, Szirmai I. [Prognosis and classification of hypertensive striatocapsular haemorrhages]. Ideggyogy Sz 2004;57:228-41.
38. Demchuk AM, Morgenstern LB, Krieger DW, Linda Chi T, Hu W, Wein TH, et al. Serum glucose level and diabetes predict tissue plasminogen activator-related intracerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1999;30:34-9.
39. Zhu CZ, Auer RN. Optimal blood glucose levels while using insulin to minimize the size of infarction in focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg 2004;101:664-8.
40. Labovitz DL, Sacco RL. Intracerebral hemorrhage: update. Curr Opin Neurol. 2001;14:103-8.
41. Kumral E, Kocaer T, Ertübey NO, Kumral K. Thalamic hemorrhage. A prospective study of 100 patients. Stroke. 1995;26:964-70.
42. Gilbert JJ, Vinters HV. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Incidence and complications in the aging brain I. Cerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 1983;14:915-23.
43. Neau JP, Ingrand P, Couderq C, Rosier MP, Bailbe M, Dumas P, et al. Recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 1997;49:106-13.
44. Baumbach GL, Walmsley JG, Hart MN. Composition and mechanics of cerebral arterioles in hypertensive rats. Am J Pathol. 1988;133:464-71.
45. Shapiro HM, Stromberg DD, Lee DR, Wiederhielm CA. Dynamic pressures in the pial arterial microcirculation. Am J Physiol. 1971;221:279-83.
46. Wiederhielm CA, Woodbury JW, Kirk S, Rushmer RF. Pulsatile pressures in the microcirculation of frog's mesentery. Am J Physiol. 1964;207:173-176.
47. Rhodin JA. The ultrastructure of mammalian arterioles and precapillary sphincters. J Ultrastruct Res. 1967;18:181-223.
48. Wiederhielm CA, Weston BV. Microvascular, lymphatic, and tissue pressures in the unanesthetized mammal. Am J Physiol. 1973;225:992-6.
49. Freeman RE, Onofrio BM, Okazaki H, Dinapoli RP. Spontaneous intracerebellar hemorrhage. Diagnosis and surgical treatment. Neurology. 1973;23:84-90.
50. Ott KH, Kase CS, Ojemann RG, Mohr JP. Cerebellar hemorrhage: diagnosis and treatment. A review of 56 cases. Arch Neurol. 1974;31:160-7.
51. Heros RC. Cerebellar hemorrhage and infarction. Stroke. 1982;13:106-9.
52. Schwartz SM. Hypertension as a vascular response to injury. Hypertension. 1984;6:III33-III37.
53. Hamet P, deBlois D, Dam TV, Richard L, Teiger E, Tea BS, et al. Apoptosis and vascular wall remodeling in hypertension. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1996;74:850-61.
54. Baumbach GL, Ghoneim S. Vascular remodeling in hypertension. Scanning Microsc. 1993;7:137-42.
55. Ogata J, Fujishima M, Tamaki K, Nakatomi Y, Ishitsuka T, Omae T. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats as an experimental model of malignant hypertension. A pathological study. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol. 1982;394:185-94.
56. Xu GP, Dave KR, Moraes CT, Busto R, Sick TJ, Bradley WG, et al. Dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration in the wobbler mouse brain. Neurosci Lett. 2001;300:141-4.
57. Ono Y, Ono H, Matsuoka H, Fujimori T, Frohlich ED. Apoptosis, coronary arterial remodeling, and myocardial infarction after nitric oxide inhibition in SHR. Hypertension. 1999;34:609-16.
58. Díez J, Fortuño MA, Zalba G, Etayo JC, Fortuño A, Ravassa S, et al. Altered regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis in small arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur Heart J. 1998;19 (Suppl G):G29-G33.
59. Intengan HD, Schiffrin EL. Vascular remodeling in hypertension: roles of apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Hypertension. 2001;38:581-7.
60. Campbell GJ, Roach M. Fenestrations in the internal elastic lamina at bifurcations of human cerebral arteries. Stroke. 1981;12:489-96.
61. Fisher CM. The arterial lesions underlying lacunes. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl) 1969;12:1-15.
62. Charcôt J-M, Bouchard C. Nouvelles recherches sur la pathogénïe de l'hémorrhagie cérébrale. Arch Physiol Norm Pathol. (Paris) 1868;1:110-127.
63. Challa VR, Moody DM, Bell MA. The Charcôt-Bouchard aneurysm controversy: impact of a new histologic technique. J Neuropathol. Exp Neurol. 1992;51:264-71.
64. Cole FM, Yates P. Intracerebral microaneurysms and small cerebrovascular lesions. Brain. 1967;90:759-68.
65. Russell RWR. Observations on intracranial aneurysms. Brain. 1963;86:425-42.
66. Takebayashi S, Kaneko M. Electron microscopic studies of ruptured arteries in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 1983;14:28-36.
67. Rosenblum WI. Miliary aneurysms and "fibrinoid" degeneration of cerebral blood vessels. Hum Pathol. 1977;8:133-9.
68. Cole FM, Yates P. Intracerebral microaneurysms and small cerebrovascular lesions. Brain. 1967;90:759-68.
69. Cole FM, Yates PO. The occurrence and significance of intracerebral micro-aneurysms. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1967;93:393-411.
70. Yamaguchi H, Yamazaki T, Lemere CA, Frosch MP, Selkoe DJ. Beta amyloid is fiscally deposited within the outer basement membrane in the amyloid angiopathy of Alzheimer's disease. An immunoelectron microscopic study. Am J Pathol. 1992;141:249-59.
71. Weller RO, Massey A, Newman TA, Hutchings M, Kuo YM, Roher AE. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: amyloid β accumulates in putative interstitial fluid drainage pathways in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Pathol. 1998;153:725-33.
72. Attems J, Lintner F, Jellinger KA. Amyloid beta peptide 1-42 highly correlates with capillary cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer disease pathology. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl) 2004;107:283-91.
73. Nicoll JA, Yamada M, Frackowiak J, Mazur-Kolecka B, Weller RO. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy plays a direct role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Pro-CAA position statement. Neurobiol Aging. 2004;25:589-97.
74. Brightman MW. The intracerebral movement of proteins injected into blood and cerebrospinal fluid of mice. Prog Brain Res. 1968;29:19-40.
75. Cserr HF, Cooper DN, Milhorat TH. Flow of cerebral interstitial fluid as indicated by the removal of extracellular markers from rat caudate nucleus. Exp Eye Res. 1977;25 (Suppl):461-73.
76. Vinters HV, Gilbert JJ. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Incidence and complications in the aging brain. II. The distribution of amyloid vascular changes. Stroke. 1983;14:924-8.
77. Weller RO, Kida S, Zhang ET. Pathways of fluid drainage from the brain-morphological aspects and immunological significance in rat and man. Brain Pathol. 1992;2:277-84.
78. Gudmundsson G, Hallgrímsson J, Jonasson TA, Bjarnason O. Hereditary cerebral haemorrhage with amyloidosis. Brain. 1972;95:387-404.
79. Chaney MO, Baudry J, Esh C, Childress J, Luehrs DC, Kokjohn TA, et al. Aβ, aging, and Alzheimer's disease: a tale, models, and hypotheses. Neurol Res. 2003;25:581-9.
80. Ohwaki K, Yano E, Nagashima H, Hirata M, Nakagomi T, Tamura A. Blood pressure management in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: relationship between elevated blood pressure and hematoma enlargement. Stroke. 2004;35:1364-7.
81. Carlberg B, Asplund K, Hägg E. The prognostic value of admission blood pressure in patients with acute stroke. Stroke. 1993;24:1372-5.