Teaching Raman spectroscopy in both the undergraduate classroom and the laboratory with a portable Raman instrument

Spectroscopy Letters

Volumn 39, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 99-115

  Hudspeth, Evan D ^a   Cleveland, Danielle ^a   Batchler, Kathleen L ^a,c   Nguyen, Phuong A ^a   Feaser, Tracey L ^a   Quattrochi, Lauren E ^a   Morenz, Jesse ^a   Balram, Shrimati A ^a   Michel, Robert G ^a   Zhou, Jack X ^b   Lombardi, Daniel ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^b B and W Tek Inc   (United States)

^c PROVIDENCE COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Calibration curve; Portable Raman instrumentation; Qualitative and quantitative analysis; Teaching Raman spectroscopy; Undergraduate experiments

Indexed keywords

EID: 31544474914     PISSN: 00387010     EISSN: 15322289     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00387010500434297     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Skoog, D. A.; Holler, F. J.; Nieman, T. A. Raman Spectroscopy. In Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5th Ed.; Harcourt Brace & Co.: Orlando, FL, 1998, 429-443.
2. Chase, B. A new generation of Raman instrumentation. Appl. Spectrosc. 1994, 48 (7), 14A-19A.
3. Williams, T. L.; Collette, T. W. Environmental applications of Raman spectroscopy to aqueous systems. Practical Spectroscopy 2001, 28, (Handbook of Raman Spectroscopy), 683-731.
4. Lewis, I. R.; Griffiths, P. R. Raman spectrometry with fiber-optic sampling. Appl. Spectrosc. 1996, 50 (10), 12A-30A.
5. Pelletier, M. J. Quantitative analysis using Raman spectrometry. Appl. Spectrosc. 2003, 57 (1), 20A-42A.
6. Pemberton, J. E.; Sobocinski, R. L.; Bryant, M. A.; Carter, D. A. Raman spectroscopy using charge-coupled device detection. Spectroscopy 1990, 5 (2), 26-36.
7. Skoog, D. A.; Holler, F. J.; Nieman, T. A. Introduction. In Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5th Ed.; Harcourt Brace & Co.: Orlando, FL, 1998, 1-18.
8. Christian, G. D. Data handling. In Analytical Chemistry, 5th Ed.; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York, NY, 1994, 14-64.
9. Harris, D. C. Calibration methods. In Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th Ed.; W. H. Freeman and Company: New York, NY, 1999, 92-111.
10. Lee, P. C.; Meisel, D. Adsorption and surface-enhanced Raman of dyes on silver and gold sols. J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 66, 3391-3395.
11. Kneipp, K.; Wang, Y.; Dasari, R. R.; Feld, M. S. Approach to single molecule detection using surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering: A study using rhodamine 6G on colloidal silver. Appl. Spectrosc. 1995, 49, 780-784.
12. Li, Y.-S.; Cheng, J.; Wang, Y. Surface-enhanced Raman spectra of dyes and organic acids in silver solutions: Chloride ion effect. Spectrochim. Acta A 2000, 56A, 2067-2072.
13. Hildebrant, P.; Stockburger, M. Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of rhodamine 6G adsorbed on colloidal silver. J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 5935-5944.
14. DeGraff, B. A.; Hennip, M.; Jones, J. M.; Salter, C.; Schaertel, S. A. An inexpensive laser Raman spectrometer based on CCD detection. Chemical Educator 2002, 7, 15-18.
15. Vickers, T. J.; Pecha, J.; Mann, C. K. Raman spectroscopy with a fiber-optic probe and multichannel detection. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78 (12), 1674-1675.
16. Patterson, B. M.; Danielson, N. D.; Lorigan, G. A.; Sommer, A. J. Analytical spectroscopy using modular systems. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80 (12), 1460-1463.
17. Galloway, D. B.; Ciolkowski, E. L.; Dallinger, R. F. Raman spectroscopy for the undergraduate physical and analytical laboratories. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69 (1), 79-83.
18. Lorigan, G. A.; Patterson, B. M.; Sommer, A. J.; Danielson, N. D. Cost-effective spectroscopic instrumentation for the physical chemistry laboratory. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79 (10), 1264-1266.
19. Whiffen, D. H. Raman spectra. In Spectroscopy, 2nd Ed.; Longman Group Limited: London, UK, 1971, 109-114.
20. Robinson, J. W. Raman spectroscopy. In Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis, 4th Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1987, 160-164.
21. Fleischmann, M.; Hendra, P. J.; McQuillan, A. J. Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a silver electrode. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1974, 26 (2), 163-166.
22. Gu, R.-A.; Shen, X.-Y.; Liu, G.-K.; Ren, B.; Tian, Z.-Q. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from bare Zn electrode. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108 (45), 17519-17522.
23. Ren, B.; Lin, X.-F.; Yang, Z.-L.; Liu, G.-K.; Aroca, R. F.; Mao, B.-W.; Tian, Z.-Q. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering in the ultraviolet spectral region: UV-SERS on rhodium and ruthenium electrodes. JACS 2003, 125 (32), 9598-9599.
24. Pergolese, B.; Bigotto, A.; Muniz-Miranda, M.; Sbrana, G. Gold/palladium and silver/palladium colloids as novel metallic substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Appl. Spectrosc. 2005, 59 (2), 194-199.
25. Green, M.; Liu, F. M. SERS substrates fabricated by island lithography: The silver/pyridine system. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107 (47), 13015-13021.
26. Stockle, R. M.; Deckert, V.; Fokas, C.; Zenobi, R. Controlled formation of isolated silver islands for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Appl. Spectrosc. 2000, 54 (11), 1577-1583.
27. Lee, A. S.; Li, Y. S. Surface-enhanced Raman spectra using silver-coated paper substrates. J. Raman Spectrosc. 1994, 25 (3), 209-214.
28. Cabalin, L. M.; Laserna, J. J. Fast spatially resolved surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry on a silver coated filter paper using charge-coupled device detection. Anal. Chim. Acta 1995, 310 (2), 337-345.
29. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan., Integrated Spectral Data Base System, SDBSWeb. Available at http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/SDBS.
30. Pestaner, J. P.; Mullick, F. G.; Centeno, J. A. Characterization of acetaminophen: molecular microanalysis with Raman microprobe spectroscopy. J. Forensic Sci. 1996, 41 (6), 1060-1063.
31. Selvarajan, A. Raman spectrum of dimethyl sulfoxide, and the influence of solvents. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. A. 1966, 64 (1), 44-50.
32. Salonen, A. K. Raman and infrared spectra of dimethyl sulfoxide. Vibrations and rotations. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fennicae. Ser. 1961, A6 (67), 1-15.
33. Pasteris, J. D.; Wopenka, B.; Freeman, J. J.; Brewer, P. G.; White, S. N.; Peltzer, E. T.; Malby, G. E. Raman spectroscopy in the deep ocean: Successes and challenges. Appl. Spectrosc. 2004, 58 (7), 195A-208A.
34. Qi, D.; Berger, A. J. Quantitative analysis of Raman signal enhancement from aqueous samples in liquid core optical fibers. Appl. Spectrosc. 2004, 58 (10), 1165-1171.
35. Kamogawa, K.; Kitagawa, T. Solute/solvent and solvent/solvent interactions in methanol solutions: Quantitative separation by Raman difference spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89 (8), 1531-1537.
36. Sato-Berru, Y. R.; Medina-Valtierra, J.; Medina-Gutierrez, C.; Frausto-Reyes, C. Quantitative NIR Raman analysis in liquid mixtures. Spectrochim. Acta A 2004, 60, 2225-2229.
37. Sanford, C. L.; Mantooth, B. A. Determination of ethanol in alcohol samples using a modular Raman spectrometer. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78 (9), 1221-1225.
38. Harris, D. C. Statistics and spreadsheets, and accompanying supplementary material CD. In Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th Ed.; W. H. Freeman and Company: New York, 1999, 69-91.
39. 4 in the gas-phase using near-infrared excitation. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1995, 233, 461-465.
40. 2O. J. Phys. Chem. 1977, 81 (3), 273-276.
41. Wei, G.; Zhou, H.; Liu, Z.; Li, Z. A simple method for the preparation of ultrahigh sensitivity surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrate. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2005, 240, 260-267.
42. Otto, A.; Bruckbauer, A.; Chen, Y. X. On the chloride activation in SERS and single molecule SERS. J. Mol. Struct. 2003, 661-662, 501-514.
43. Ormrod, J. E. Choosing instructional strategies. In Education Psychology: Developing Learners, 3rd Ed.; Prentice-Hall, Inc.: Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2000, 516-565.
44. Ni, F.; Thomas, L.; Cotton, T. M. Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy as an ancillary high-performance liquid chromatography detector for nitrophenol compounds. Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 888-894.