Mineralogy and geochemistry of natural fission reactors in Gabon

Uranium: Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and the Environment

Volumn , Issue , 2019, Pages 321-392

  Janeczek, Janusz ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA   (Poland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NUCLEAR REACTORS;

NATURAL FISSION REACTORS;

MINERALS;

EID: 31544432415     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (128)

1. Apt KE, Balagna JP, Bryant EA, Cowan GA, Daniels WR, Vidale RJ, Brookins DG 1978 Search for other natural fission reactors. In Natural Fission Reactors, IAEA-TC-119/37 IAEA, Vienna, p 677-689
2. Blanc P-L 1996 Oklo-Natural Analogue for a Radioactive Waste Repository. Vol. 1. Acquirements of the Project. Nuclear Science and Technology Report EUR 16857/1 EN. 123 p
3. Bodu R, Bouzigues H, Morin N. and Pfiffelmann JP 1972 Sur l'existence d'anomalies isotopiques rencontrées dans l'uranium du Gabon. CR Acad Sci Paris, 275. Serie D: 1731-1732
4. Bonhomme MF, Gauthier-Lafaye F, Weber F 1982 An example of lower proterozoic sediments: the Francevillian in Gabon. Precambrian Res 18:87-102
5. Bourrel J, Pfiffelmann JP 1972 La province uranifére du bassin de Franceville (République Gabonaise). Mineral Deposita 7:323-336
6. Branche G, Chantret F, Guillemaut R, Pouget R 1975 Données chimiques et minéralogiques sur le gisement d'Oklo. In The Oklo Phenomenon, IAEA-SM-204/17. IAEA, Vienna, p 119-132
7. Brookins DG 1978 Application of Eh-pH diagrams to problems of retention and/or migration of fissiogenic elements at Oklo. In Natural Fission Reactors, IAEA-TC-119/33. IAEA, Vienna, p 243-254
8. Brookins DG 1981 Alkali and alkaline earth studies at Oklo. In Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management III. Moore JG (Ed) Plenum Press, New York, p 275-282
9. Brookins DG 1990 Radionuclide behavior at the Oklo nuclear reactor, Gabon. Waste Management 10:285-296
10. Brookins DG, Lee MJ, Mukhopadhyay B, Bolivar SL 1975 Search for fission-produced Rb, Sr, Cs and Ba at Oklo. In The Oklo Phenomenon. IAEA-SM-204/3. IAEA, Vienna, p 401-414
11. Bros R, Turpin L, Gauthier-Lafaye F, Holliger Ph, Stille P 1993 Occurrence of naturally enriched 23SU: Implications for plutonium behaviour in natural environments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:1351-1356
12. Bros R, Gauthier-Lafaye F, Larque P, Samuel J, Stille P 1995 Mobility of U, Th and lanthanides around the Bangombé natural nuclear reactor (Gabon). Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 353:1187-1194
13. Bros R, Carpena J, Sere V, Beltritti A 1996 Occurrence of plutonium and fissiogenic REE in hydrothermal apatites from the fossil nuclear reactor 16 at Oklo (Gabon). Proc of the Fifth Internat Conf, Saint-Malo (France) 1995. Radiochimica Acta 74:277-282
14. Bros R, Anderson P, Roos P, Claesson S, Holm E, Smellie J 1998 Swedish investigations on the Bangombé reactor zone, U-series disequilibrium and time-scale of radionuclide mobilization processes. In Proc 1st Joint EC-CEA Workshop on the OKLO-Natural Analogue Phase II project. Louvat D, Davies C (Eds) Report EUR 18314. p 187-195
15. Carpéna J, Sere V 1994 Les apatites neoformees lors des reactions nucléaires dans les zones 10 et 16 d'Oklo. Réun Ann Sci Terre, Nancy (abstract)
16. 2 and uraninite under nominally reducing conditions. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:2223-2231
17. Celiski Z 1997 Natural fission reactor at Oklo. PTJ (Advances in Nuclear Technology) 40:11-13 (in Polish)
18. Cortial F, Gauhtier-Lafaye F, Lacrampe-Couloume G, Oberlin A, Weber F 1990 Characterization of organic matter associated with uranium deposits in the Francevillian formation of Gabon (Lower Proterozoic). Org Geochem 15(l):73-85
19. Cowan GA 1978 Migration paths for Oklo reactor products and applications to the problem of geological storage of nuclear wastes. In Natural Fission Reactors. IAEA-TC-119/26. IAEA, Vienna, p 693-699
20. Curtis D 1985 The chemical coherence of natural spent fuel at the Oklo nuclear reactors. SKB Technical Report 85-04, Stockholm
21. Curtis DB, Gancarz AJ 1983 Radiolysis in nature: Evidence from the Oklo nuclear reactors. SKBF/KBS Technical Report 83-10, Stockholm
22. Curtis D, Benjamin T, Gancarz A, Loss R, Rosman R, Delaeter J, Delmore JE, Maeck WJ 1989 Fission product retention in the Oklo natural fission reactors. Appl Geochem 4:49-62
23. Curtis D, Fabryka-Martin J, Aguilar R, Attrep M, Roensch F 1992 Plutonium in uranium deposits: Natural analogues of geologic repositories for PU-bearing nuclear wastes. Proc 3rd Internat Conf High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 12-16 1992, vol. 1. p 338-344
24. Curtis D, Fabryka-Martin J, Dixon P, Aguilar R, Rokop D 1994 Radionuclide release rates from natural analogues of spent nuclear fuel. Proc Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere. Charleston, South Caroline, USA, p 551-557
25. De Laeter JR, Rosman KJR, Smith CL 1980 The Oklo natural reactor: cumulative fission yields and retentivity of the symmetric mass region fission products. Earth Planet Sci Lett 50:238-246
26. Devillers C, Menes J 1975 Contribution du plomb et du Th a l'histoire des reacteurs d'Oklo. In The Oklo Phenomenon. IAEA-TC-119/18. IAEA, Vienna, p 495-511
27. Dran JC, Maurette JC, Petit JC, Drozd R, Hohenberg C, Duraud JP, Le Gressus C, Massignon D 1975 A multidisciplinary analysis of the Oklo ores. In The Oklo Phenomenon. IAEA-SM-204/12. IAEA, Vienna, p 223-233
28. Dubessy J, Pagel M, Beny JM, Christensen H, Hickel B, Kosztolanyi C, Poty B 1988 Radiolysis evidenced by H2-02 and H2-bearing fluid inclusions in three uranium deposits. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:1155-1167
29. Duffy CJ 1975 Uranium solubilities in the Oklo reactor zones. In The Oklo Phenomenon. IAEA-TC-119/36. IAEA, Vienna, p 229-233
30. Dymkov YuM, Pavlov YeG, Zav'yalov YeN 1979 Phase composition and morphogenetic features of uraninite from the Oklo reactor, Gabon. Geokhimiya 2:217-228 (in Russian)
31. Dymkov YuM, Holliger P, Pagel M, Gorshkov A, Artyukhina A 1997 Characterization of a La-Ce-Sr-Ca aluminous hydroxy phosphate in nuclear zone 13 in the Oklo uranium deposit (Gabon). Mineralium Deposita 32:617-620
32. Eberly P, Janeczek J, Ewing RC 1994 Pétrographie analysis of samples from the uranium deposit at Oklo, Republic of Gabon. Radiochim Acta 66/67:455-461
33. Eberly P, Janeczek J, Ewing RC 1995 Precipitation of uraninite in chlorite-bearing veins of the hydrothermal alteration zone (Argile de pile) of the natural nuclear reactor at Bangombé, Republic of Gabon. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 353:1195-1202
34. Eberly P, Ewing RC, Janeczek J, Furlano A 1996 Clays at the natural nuclear reactor at Bangombé, Gabon: Migration of actinides. Radiochim Acta 74:271-275
35. Fréjacques C, Blain C, Devillers C, Hagemann R, Ruffenach J-C 1975 Conclusions tirées de l'étude de la migration des produits de fission. In The Oklo Phenomenon. IAEA-SM-204/24. IAEA, Vienna, p 509-524
36. Gancarz AJ 1978 U-Pb age (2.05 x 10' years) of the Oklo uranium deposit: Natural fission reactors. In Natural Fission Reactors, IAEA-TC119/40. IAEA, Vienna, p 513-520
37. 99Tc, Pb and Ru migration around the Oklo natural fission reactors. Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management II. p 601-608
38. Gauthier-Lafaye F 1986 Les gisements d'uranium du Gabon et les réacteurs d'Oklo. Modèle métallogénique de gîtes a fortes teneurs du Protérozoïque inférieur. Sci Géol Mèm 78:206
39. Gauthier-Lafaye F 1996 Introduction to the Oklo problematic. In Oklo Working Group. Proc 4th Joint ECCEA progress and final meeting in Saclay, France, June 1995. von Maravic H (Ed). EUR 16704EN. p 5-16
40. Gauthier-Lafaye F, Weber F 1978 études minéralogiques et pétrographiques effectuées a Strasbourg sur les réacteurs naturels d'Oklo. In Natural Fission Reactors. IAEA-TC-119/8. IAEA, Vienna, p 199-227
41. Gauthier-Lafaye F, Weber F, Naudet R, Pfiffelmann JP, Chauvet R, Michel B, Reboul JC 1980 Le gisement d'Oklo et ses reacteurs de fission naturels. Proc Internat Uranium Symp on the Pine Creek Geosyncline. IAEA 663-673 Vienna
42. Gauthier-Lafaye F, Weber F 1989 The Francevillian (Lower Proterozoic) uranium deposit of Gabon. Econ Geol 84:2267-2285
43. Gauthier-Lafaye F, Weber F 1993 Uranium-hydrocarbon association in Francevillian uranium ore deposits, Lower Proterozoic of Gabon. In Bitumens in Ore Deposits. Parnell J, Kucha H, Landais P (Eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p 276-286
44. Gauthier-Lafaye F, Weber F, Ohmoto H 1989 Natural fission reactors of Oklo. Econ Geol 84:2286-2295
45. Gauthier-Lafaye F, Holliger P, Blanc P-L 1996 Natural fission reactors in the Franceville basin, Gabon: A review of the conditions and results of "critical event" in a geologic system. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:4831-4852
46. Geffroy J 1975 Etude microscopique des minerais uraniféres d'Oklo. In The Oklo Phenomenon. IAEA-SM-204/18. IAEA, Vienna, p 133-151
47. Geffroy J, Lissilour J 1974 Etude microscopique des minerais d'Oklo. Bull Inf Sci Tech 193:132-157
48. Geffroy J, Cesbron F, Lafforgue P 1964 Données préliminaires sur les constituants profonds des minerais uraniféres et vanadiféres de Mounana Gabon. CR Acad Sci Paris 259:601-603
49. Gérard B, Royer JJ, Le Carlier de Veslud C, Pagel M, Scius H, Gauthier-Lafaye F 1998 3D modelling of heat and mass transfers around a natural fission reactor (Oklo, Gabon). Proc the Is1 Annual Progress Meeting of the OKLO-Natural Analogue Phase II Project. Sitges, Spain, June 1997. p 301-307
50. Hageman R, Roth E 1978 Relevance of the studies of the Oklo natural nuclear reactors to the storage of radioactive wastes. Radiochim Acta 35:241-247
51. Hagemann R, Lucas M, Nief G, Roth E 1974 Mesures isotopiques du rubidium et du strontium et essais (fe mesure de l'âge de la mineralisation de l'uranium du reacteur naturel fossile d'Oklo. Earth Planet Sci Lett 23:170-176
52. Havette A, Naudet R 1978 Etude locale par analyse ionique de nouveaux echantillions d'Oklo: Natural fission reactors. In Natural Fission Reactors. IAEA-TC-119/13. IAEA, Vienna, p 397-405
53. Havette A, Naudet R, Slodzian G 1975 Etude par analyse de la répartition et des proportions isotopiques cfe certain éléments dans échantillons d'Oklo. In The Oklo Phenomenon. IAEA-SM-204. IAEA, Vienna, p 463-478
54. Hawthorne FC 1993 Minerals, mineralogy and mineralogists: Past, present and future. Can Mineral 31:253-296
55. Hemond C, Menet C, Ménager MT 1992 U and Nd isotopes from the new Oklo reactor 10 (Gabon): Evidence for radioelements migration. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 257:489-496
56. Hidaka H 1998 Isotopic analyses by using a sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe (SHRIMP) for natural analogue study of Oklo and Bangombé natural fission reactors. Radiochim Acta 82:327-330
57. Hidaka H, Masuda A 1988 Nuclide analyses of rare earth elements of the Oklo uranium minerals samples: a new method to estimate the neutron fluence. Earth and Planet Sci Lett 88:330-336
58. Hidaka H, Masuda A, Fuji I 1988 Abundance of fissiogenic and pre-reactor rare-earth elements in a uranium minerals sample from Oklo. Geochem Journ 22:47-54
59. Hidaka H, Holliger P, Shimizu H, Masuda A 1992a Lanthanide tetrad effect observed in the Oklo and ordinary uraninites and its implication for their forming processes. Geochem J 26:337-346
60. Hidaka H, Konishi T, Masuda A 1992b Reconstruction of cumulative fission yield curve and geochemical behaviors of fissiogenic nuclides in the Oklo natural reactors. Geochem J 26:227-239
61. Hidaka H, Holliger P, Masuda A 1993a Evidence of fissiogenic Cs estimated from Ba isotopic deviations in an Oklo natural reactor zone. Earth Planet Sci Lett 114 391-396
62. 99Tc in the Oklo natural fission reactors. Radiochim Acta 63:19-22
63. Hidaka H, Takahashi K, Holliger P 1994a Migration of fission products into micro-minerals of the Oklo natural reactors. Radiochim Acta 66/67:463-468
64. 90Zr in the Oklo natural fission reactors: Implication for geochemical behaviour of fissiogenic Rb, Sr, Cs and Ba. Earth Planet Sci Lett 122:173-182
65. Hidaka H, Holliger P 1998 Geochemical and neutronic characteristics of the natural fossil fission reactors at Oklo and Bangombé, Gabon. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:89-108
66. Hidaka H, Holliger P, Gauthier-Lafaye F 1999 Tc/Ru fractionation in the Oklo and Bangombé natural fission reactors, Gabon. Chem Geol 155:323-333
67. Holliger P 1992 Les nouvelles zones de reaction d'Oklo: Datation U-Pb et caracterisation in-situ des produits de fission a l'analyseur ionique. CEREM, Note technique DEM N° 01/92, Grenoble. 42 p
68. Holliger P 1993 Geochemical and isotopic characterization of the reaction zones (uranium, transuranium, Pb and fission products). In Oklo Working Group Meeting. Proc 2nd Joint CEC-CEA Progress Mtg. von Maravic H (Ed) Report EUR 14877. p 27-37
69. Holliger P, Devillers C 1981 Contribution r la température dans les réacteurs fossiles d'Oklo par la mesure du rapport isotopique du lutetium. Earth and Planet Sei Lett 52:76-84
70. Holliger P, Gauthier-Lafaye F 1996 Oklo, analogue naturel de stockage de déchets radioactifs (phase 1). Volume 2-Réacteurs de fission et systèmes géochimiques anciens. Rapport EUR 16857/2 Commission européenne, Luxemburg. 344 p
71. 2 irradiated fuel. Nuclear Science and Technology Report EUR 17614:63 p Luxembourg
72. Janeczek J, Ewing RC 1992 Dissolution and alteration of uraninite under reducing conditions. J Nucl Mater 190:157-173
73. Janeczek J, Ewing RC 1993 Heterogeneity and alteration of uraninite from the natural fission reactor 10 at Oklo, Gabon. In Oklo Working Group Meeting. Proc 2nd Joint CEC-CEA Progress Mtg. von Maravic H (Ed) Report EUR 14877. p 177-188
74. Janeczek J, Ewing RC 1995 Mechanisms of Pb release from uraninite in the natural fission reactors in Gabon. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59:1917-1931
75. Janeczek J, Ewing RC 1996a Uraninite from natural fission reactors in Gabon. In Oklo Working Group. Proc 4th Joint EC-CEA progress and final meeting in Saclay, France, June 1995. EUR 16704EN. p 29-42
76. Janeczek J, Ewing RC 1996b Phosphatian coffinite with rare earth elements and Ce-rich françoisite-(Nd) from sandstone beneath a natural fission reactor at Bangombé, Gabon. Mineral Mag 60:665-669
77. Janeczek J, Ewing RC 1996c Florencite-(La) with fissiogenic REEs from a natural fission reactor at Bangombé, Gabon. Am Mineral 81:1263-1269
78. 2 in spent nuclear fuel: a comparison. J Nucl Mater238:121-130
79. Jensen KA, Ewing RC 1998 Petrography and chemistry of the uraninites and uraninite alteration phases from the uranium minerals-deposit at Bangombé. In Proc lsl annual progress meeting of the OKLONatural Analogue Phase II Project. Sitges, Spain, June 1997, Louvat D, Davies C (Eds). pp139-159
80. Jensen KA, Ewing RC (in press) Microtexture and chemistry of "unaltered" uraninite in the Oklo, Okélobondo, and Bangombé natural fission reactors. Nuclear Science and Technology. Oklo Working Group. Proc Second EC-CEA Workshop on the Oklo-Natural Analogue Phase II project held in Helsinki, Finland, from 16-18 June. Nuclear Science and Technology. Report EUR
81. Jensen KA, Ewing RC (submitted) The Okelobondo natural fission reactor, southeast Gabon: Geology, mineralogy and retardation of nuclear reaction products. GSA Bulletin
82. Jensen KA, Ewing RC, Gauthier-Lafaye F 1997 Uraninite: A 2 Ga spent nuclear fuel from the natural fission reactor at Bangombé in Gabon, West Africa. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 465:1209-1218
83. Keller C 1978 Das Oklo-Phänomen. Kernbrennstoffkreislauf. Dr. Alfred Hiithig Verlag, Heidelberg
84. Kruglov AK, Pchelkin VA, Sviderskii MF, Dymkov YuA, Moshanskaya GN, Tchernetsov OK 1975. Preliminary investigations of samples of uranium minerals from the Oklo natural reactor in Gabon. In The Oklo Phenomenon. IAEA-SM-204/8. IAEA, Vienna, p 303-317 (in Russian)
85. Kuroda PK 1956 On the nuclear physical stability of the uranium minerals. J Chem Phys 25:781-782
86. Kuroda PK 1977 Fossil nuclear reactor and Pu-244 in the early history of the solar system. IAEA-SM-204/4:479-487 Vienna
87. Kuroda PK 1982 The Origin of the Chemical Elements and the Oklo Phenomenon. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 165 p
88. Kuroda PK 1993 Technetium in nature and age of the solar system. Radiochim Acta 63:9-18
89. Lancelot JR, Vitrac A, Allegre CJ 1975 The Oklo natural reactor: age and evolution studies by U-Pb and Rb-Sr systematics. Earth and Planet Sei Lett 25:189-196
90. Leachman RB, Bishop WP 1978 Relevance of natural retention experience to nuclear waste management. In Natural Fission Reactors. IAEA-TC-U9/30. IAEA, Vienna, p 700-707
91. Loss RD, Rosman KJR, de Laeter JR 1984 Transport of symmetric region fission products at the Oklo natural reactors. Earth and Planet Sei Lett 68:240-248
92. Loss RD, De Laeter JR, Rosman KJR, Benjamin TM, Curtis DB, Gancarz AJ, Delmore JE, Maeck WJ 1988 The Oklo natural reactors: cumulative fission yields and nuclear characteristics of Reactor Zone 9. Earth and Planet Sei Lett 89:193-206
93. Loss RD, Rosman KJR, De Laeter JR, Curtis DB, Benjamin TM, Gancarz AJ, Maeck WJ, Delmore JE 1989 Fission product retentivity in peripheral rocks at the Oklo natural fission reactors. Chem Geol 76 71-84
94. Loubet M, Allegre CJ 1977 Behavior of the rare earth elements in the Oklo natural reactor. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41-1539-1548
95. Louvat D, von Maravic H 1998 Foreword. Nuclear Science and Technology. Oklo Working Group. In Proc First EC-CEA Workshop on the Oklo-Natural Analogue Phase II project held in Sitjes, Spain, 18-20, June 1997
96. Louvat D, Davies C (Eds). Nuclear Science and Technology. Report EUR 18314
97. Maas R, McCulloch MT 1990 A search for fossil nuclear reactors in the Alligator River Uranium Field, Australia: Constraints from Sm, Gd and Nd isotopic studies. Chem Geol 88:301-315
98. Mathieu R, Cuney M 1998 Space-time evolution of fluid circulations in the Franceville basin and around Oklo-Okelobondo and Bangombé nuclear reactor zones (Gabon). In Oklo Working Group Proc 1st Joint EC-CEA Workshop on the OKLO-Natural Analogue Phase II project. Louvat D, Davies C (Eds). EUR 18314. p 111-121
99. Menet C, Ménager M-T, Petit J-C 1992 Migration of radioelements around the new nuclear reactors at Oklo: Analogies with a high-level waste repository. Radiochim Acta 58:395-401
100. Michaud V 1998 Synthesis of existing information on the Oklo basin geology: Questions and prospects. In Oklo Working Group Proc 1st Joint EC-CEA Workshop on the OKLO-Natural Analogue Phase n project. Louvat D, Davies C (Eds) EUR 18314. p 27-48
101. Mossman DJ, Nagy B, Rigali MJ, Gauthier-Lafaye F, Holliger P 1993 Petrography and paragenesis of organic matter associated with the natural fission reactors at Oklo, Republic of Gabon: a preliminary report. Internat J Coal Geol 24:179-194
102. Mossman DJ, Gauthier-Lafaye F, Nagy B, Rigali MJ 1998 Geochemistry of organic-rich black shales overlying the natural nuclear fission reactors of Oklo, Republic of Gabon. Energy Sources 20:521-539
103. Nagy B, Gauhtier-Lafaye F, Holliger P, Davis DW, Mossman DJ, Leventhal JS, Rigali MJ, Parnell J 1991 Organic matter and containment of uranium and fissiogenic isotopes at the Oklo natural reactors. Nature 354:472-475
104. Nagy B, Gauhtier-Lafaye F, Holliger P, Mossman DJ, Leventhal JS, Rigali MJ 1993 Role of organic matter in the Proterozoic Oklo natural fission reactors, Gabon, Africa. Geology 21:655-658
105. Natural Fission Reactors (Les Réacteurs de Fission Naturels) 1978 International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 754 p
106. Naudet R 1991 Oklo: Des Réacteurs Nucléaires Fossiles. Etude Physique. Eyrolles, Paris, 685 p
107. Neuilly M, Bussac J, Fréjacques C, Nief G, Vendryes G, Yvon J 1972 Sur l'existence dans un passé reculé d'une réaction en chaîne naturelle de fissions, dans le gisement d'uranium d'Oklo (Gabon). CR Acad Sei Paris, 275, Série D: 1847-1849
108. Openshaw R, Pagel M, Poty B 1978 Phases fluides contemporaines de la diagenesé des grés, des mouvements tectoniques et du fonctionment des réacteurs nucléaires d'Oklo (Gabon). In Natural Fission Reactors. IAEA-TC-119/9. IAEA, Vienna, p 267-296
109. Oversby V 1996 Criticality in a high level waste repository. A review of some important factors and an assessment of the lessons that can be learned from the Oklo reactors. SKB Technical Report 96-07. Stockholm, 41 p
110. Parnell J 1996 Pétrographie relationships between mineral phases and bitumen in the Oklo Proterozoic natural fission reactors, Gabon. Mineral Mag 60:581-593
111. Pourcelot L, Gauthier-Lafaye F 1998a Mineralogical, chemical and O-isotopic data on uraninites from natural fission reactors (Gabon): effects of weathering conditions. CR Acad Sei, Paris, Sciences terre planét 326:485-492
112. Pourcelot L, Gauthier-Lafaye F 1998b Impact of surface weathering conditions at the Oklo natural reactors on the behaviour of fission products. In Oklo Working Group Proc 1st Joint EC-CEA Workshop on the OKLO-Natural Analogue Phase II project. Louvat D, Davies C (Eds) Report EUR 18314, p 181-186
113. Raimbault L 1992 Geochemistry of apatites, pyrites, and galenas in near-and far-field veins and sandstones around the Oklo fossil reactors (Gabon): Identification of ancient hydrothermal circulations. In Oklo Working Group Meeting. Proc 2nd Joint CEC-CEA Progress Mtg. von Maravic H (Ed) Report EUR 14877.p 47-57
114. Raimbault L, Peycelon H 1995 From near to far field: An attempt to reconstruct ancient fluid circulations around Oklo fossil reactors. Proc 3rd Joint CEC-CEA Oklo Working Group meeting, Brussels, 11-12 October 1993, EUR 16098. p 77-89
115. Raimbault L, Peycelon H, Blanc JP 1996 Characterization of near-to far-field ancient migrations around Oklo reaction zones (Gabon) using minerals as geochemical tracers. Radiochim Acta 74:283-287
116. Rigali MJ, Nagy B 1997 Organic free radicals and micropores in solid graphitic carbonaceous matter at the Oklo natural fission reactors, Gabon. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:357-368
117. Ruffenach JC, Menes J, Lucas M, Hagemann R, Nief G 1975 Analyses isotopiques fines des produits et fission et determination des principaux paramétrés des réactions nucléaires. In The Oklo Phenomenon. IAEA-SM-204. IAEA, Vienna, p 371-384
118. Savary V, Pagel M 1997 The effects of water radiolysis on local redox conditions in the Oklo, Gabon, natural fission reactors 10 and 16. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:4479-4494
119. Sere V, Carpéna J, Kienast J-R 1994 Du zircon neoforme lors des reactions nucléaires d'Oklo. Réun Ann Sci Terre, Nancy (abstract)
120. Simpson PR, Bowles JFW 1978 Mineralogical evidence for the mode of deposition and metamorphism of reaction zone samples from Oklo. In Natural Fission Reactors. IAEA-TC-119/28. IAEA, Vienna, p 297-306
121. Smellie JAT, Winberg A, Karlsson F 1993 Swedish activities in the Oklo Natural Analogue project. In Oklo Working Group. Proc 2nd Joint CEC-CEA Progress Mtg. Report EUR 14877. p 137-148
122. Sunder S, Sargent FP, Miller NH 1993 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of a sample from a natural fission reactor at Oklo, Gabon. In Oklo Working Group. Proc 2nd Joint CEC-CEA Progress Mtg. Report EUR 14877. p 153-166
123. Sunder S, Miller NH, Duclos AM 1995 Geochemistry of samples from the natural fission reactors in the Oklo uranium deposists: An XPS and XRD study. In Proc 3rd Joint CEC-CEA progress meeting, p 153-161
124. The Oklo Phenomenon (Le Phénomène d'Oklo) 1975 International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 647 p
125. Toulhoat P, Gallien JP, Louvat D, Moulin V, l'Henoret P, Guerin R, Ledoux E, Gurban I, Smellie JAT, Winberg A 1996 Preliminary studies of groundwater flow and migration of uranium isotopes around the Oklo natural reactors (Gabon). J Contam Hydrol 21:3-17
126. Vanderbroucke M, Rouzaud JN, Oberlin A 1978 Etude géochimique de la matiere organique insoluble (kerogene) du minerais uranifere d'Oklo et des schistes apparentes du Francevillien. In Natural Fission Reactors. IAEA-TC-119/10. IAEA, Vienna, p 307-332
127. Walton RD, Cowan GA 1975 Relevance of nuclide migration at Oklo to the problem of geologic storage of radioactive waste. In The Oklo Phenomenon. IAEA-SM-204/1. IAEA, Vienna, p 499-507
128. Weber F, Geffroy J, Le Mercier M 1975 Synthese des etudes minéralogiques et petrographiques des minerais d'Oklo, de leurs gangues et des roches encaissantes. In The Oklo Phenomenon. IAEA-SM-204/14. IAEA, Vienna, p 173-192