Geologic and U-Th-Pb geochronologic evidence for early Paleozoic tectonism in the Kathmandu thrust sheet, central Nepal Himalaya

Bulletin of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 118, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 185-198

  Gehrels, G E ^a   DeCelles, P G ^a   Ojha, T P ^a   Upreti, B N ^b  

^a The University of Arizona   (United States)

^b TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY   (Nepal)

Author keywords

Early Paleozoic; Geochronology; Himalaya; Orogeny; Tectonics

Indexed keywords

EARLY PALEOZOIC; HIMALAYA; OROGENY; PALEOZOIC TECTONISM; THRUST SHEET;

DEFORMATION; DUCTILITY; EROSION; GEOCHRONOLOGY; GEOLOGY; LIMESTONE; MAPS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; ROCKS; SANDSTONE; STRATIGRAPHY; TECTONICS;

SEISMOLOGY;

GEOCHRONOLOGY; HIMALAYAN OROGENY; PALEOZOIC; TECTONICS; THRUST FAULT;

ASIA; BAGMATI; EURASIA; KATHMANDU; NEPAL; SOUTH ASIA;

EID: 31444442507     PISSN: 00167606     EISSN: 00167606     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/B25753.1     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Amatya, K., and Jnawali, B., 1996, Geological map of Nepal: Kathmandu, Department of Mines and Geology, scale 1:1,000,000.
2. Argles, T.W., Prince, C.I., Foster, G.L., and Vance, D., 1999, New garnets for old? Cautionary tales from young mountain belts: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 172, p. 301-309, doi: 10.1016/ S0012-821X(99)00209-5.
3. Catlos, E.J., Sorenson, S.S., and Harrison, T.M., 2000, Th-Pb ion-microprobe dating of allanite: American Mineralogist, v. 85, p. 633-648.
4. Catlos, E.J., Harrison, T.M., Manning, C.E., Grove, M., Rai, S.M., Hubbard, M.S., and Upreti, B.N., 2002, Records of the evolution of the Himalayan orogen from in situ Th-Pb ion microprobe dating of monazite: Eastern Nepal and Garhwal: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 20, p. 459-479, doi: 10.1016/S1367-9120(01)00039-6.
5. Dasgupta, S., Ganguly, J., and Neogi, S., 2004, Inverted metamorphic sequence in the Sikkim Himalayas: Crystallization history, P-T gradient, and implications: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 22, p. 395-412, doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00522.x.
6. Debon, F., LeFort, P., Sheppard, S.M.F., and Sonet, J., 1986, The four plutonic belts of the TransHimalaya-Himalaya: A chemical, mineralogical, isotopic, and chronological synthesis along a Tibet-Nepal section: Journal of Petrology, v. 27, p. 219-250.
7. DeCelles, P.G., Gehrels, G.E., Quade, J., Lareau, B., and Spurlin, M., 2000, Tectonic implications of U-Pb zircon ages of the Himalayan orogenic belt in Nepal: Science, v. 288, p. 497-499, doi: 10.1126/ science.288.5465.497.
8. DeCelles, P.G., Robinson, D.M., Quade, J., Ojha, T.P., Garzione, C.N., Copeland, P., and Upreti, B.N., 2001, Stratigraphy, structure, and tectonic evolution of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt in western Nepal: Tectonics, v. 20, p. 487-509, doi:10.1029/2000TC001226.
9. Foster, G.L., 2000, The pre-Neogene thermal history of the Nanga Parbat Haramosh Massif and the NW Himalaya [Ph.D. dissertation]: Milton Keynes, UK, The Open University, 345 p.
10. Funakawa, S., 2001, Lower Paleozoic Tethys sediments from the Kathmandu nappe, Phulchauki area, central Nepal: Journal of the Nepal Geological Society, v. 25, p. 123-134.
11. Gansser, A., 1964, Geology of the Himalayas: London, Wiley Interscience, 289 p.
12. Garzanti, E., Casnedi, R., and Jadoul, F., 1986, Sedimentary evidence of a Cambrian-Ordovician orogenic event in the northwestern Himalaya: Sedimentary Geology, v. 48, p. 237-265, doi: 10.1016/ 0037-0738(86)90032-1.
13. Gehrels, G.E., DeCelles, P.G., Martin, A., Ojha, T.P., Pinhassi, G., and Upreti, B.N., 2003, Initiation of the Himalayan orogen as an early Paleozoic thin-skinned thrust belt: GSA Today, v. 13, no. 9, p. 4-9, doi: 10.1130/1052-5173(2003)13<4:IOTHOA>2.0.CO;2.
14. Godin, L., 2003, Structural evolution of the Tethyan sedimentary sequence in the Annapurna area, central Nepal Himalaya: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 22, p. 307-328, doi: 10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00066-X.
15. 39Ar thermochronology: Tectonics, v. 20, p. 729-747, doi: 10.1029/2000TC001204.
16. Guillot, S., Cosca, M., Allemand, P., and LeFort, P., 1999, Contrasting metamorphic and geochronologic evolution along the Himalayan belt, in Macfarlane, A., Sorkhabi, R.B., and Quade, J., eds., Himalaya and Tibet: Mountain roots to mountain tops: Geological Society of America Special Paper 328, p. 117-128.
17. Harrison, T.M., Ryerson, F.J., LeFort, P., Yin, A., Lovera, O.M., and Catlos, E.J., 1997, A late Miocene-Pliocene origin for the central Himalayan inverted metamorphism: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 146, p. E1-E8, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00215-4.
18. Hodges, K.V., 2000, Tectonics of the Himalaya and southern Tibet from two perspectives: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, p. 324-350, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<0324:TOTHAS>2.3.CO;2.
19. Johnson, M.R.W., 2003, Insight into the nature of Indian crust underthrusting the Himalaya: Terra Nova, v. 15, p. 46-51, doi: 10.1046/ j.1365-3121.2003.00463.x.
20. Johnson, M.R.W., and Rogers, G., 1997, Rb-Sr ages of micas from the Kathmandu complex, central Nepalese Himalaya: Implications for the evolution of the Main Central thrust: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 154, p. 863-869.
21. Johnson, M.R.W., Oliver, G.J.H., Parrish, R.R., and Johnson, S.P., 2001, Synthrusting metamorphism, cooling, and erosion of the Himalayan Kathmandu complex, Nepal: Tectonics, v. 20, p. 394-415, doi: 10.1029/ 2001TC900005.
22. Kohn, M.J., Wieland, M.S., Parkinson, C.D., and Upreti, B.N., 2004, Miocene faulting at plate tectonic velocity in the Himalaya of central Nepal: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 228, p. 299-310, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.007.
23. Kumar, R., Shah, A.N., and Bingham, D.K., 1978, Positive evidence of a Precambrian tectonic phase in central Nepal, Himalaya: Journal of the Geological Society of India, v. 19, p. 519-522.
24. LeFort, P., 1975, Himalayas: The collided range: Present knowledge of the continental arc: American Journal of Science, v. 275-A, p. 1-44.
25. LeFort, P., 1996, Evolution of the Himalaya, in Yin, A., and Harrison, T.M., eds., The tectonic evolution of Asia: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 95-109.
26. LeFort, P., and Rai, S.M., 1999, Pre-Tertiary felsic magmatism of the Nepal Himalaya: Recycling of continental crust: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 17, p. 607-628, doi: 10.1016/S1367-9120(99)00015-2.
27. LeFort, P., Debon, F., and Sonet, J., 1983, The Lower Paleozoic "Lesser Himalayan" granitic belt: Emphasis on the Simchar pluton of central Nepal, in Shams, F.A., ed., Granites of the Himalayas, Karakorum, and Hindu Kush: Lahore, Punjab University, p. 235-255.
28. Marquer, D., Chawla, H.S., and Challandes, N., 2000, Pre-Alpine high-grade metamorphism in the High Himalaya crystalline sequences: Evidence from Lower Palaeozoic Kinnaur Kailas granite and surrounding rocks in Sutlej Valley (Himal Ptadesch, India): Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 93, p. 207-220.
29. Miller, C., Thöni, M., Frank, W., Graseman, B., Klözli, U., Guntli, P., and Draganits, E., 2001, The early Paleozoic magmatic event in the Northwest Himalaya, India: Source, tectonic setting, and age of emplacement: Geological Magazine, v. 138, no. 3, p. 237-251.
30. Myrow, P.M., Hughes, N.C., Paulsen, T.S., Williams, I.S., Parcha, S.K., Thompson, K.R., Bowring, S.A., Peng, S.C., and Ahluwalia, A.D., 2003, Integrated tectonostratigraphic analysis of the Himalaya and implications for its tectonic evolution: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 212, p. 433-441, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00280-2.
31. Palmer, A.R., and Geissman, J., 1999, Geologic time scale: Boulder, Geological Society of America.
32. Pearson, O.N., 2002, Structural evolution of the central Nepal fold-thrust belt and regional tectonic and structural significance of the Ramgarh thrust [Ph.D. dissertation]: Tucson, University of Arizona, 231 p.
33. Pearson, O.N., and DeCelles, P.G., 2005, Structural geology and regional significance of the Ramgarh thrust, Himalayan fold-thrust belt of Nepal: Tectonics, v. 24, no. 4, TC4008, doi: 10.1029/2003TC001617.
34. Rai, S.M., 2001, Geology, geochemistry, and radiochronology of the Kathmandu and Gosainkund crystalline nappes, central Nepal Himalaya: Journal of the Nepal Geological Society, v. 25, p. 135-155.
35. Rai, S.M., Guillot, S., LeFort, P., and Upreti, B.N., 1998, Pressure-temperature evolution in the Kathmandu and Gosainkund regions, central Nepal: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 16, p. 283-298, doi: 10.1016/S0743-9547(98)00019-1.
36. Robinson, D.M., DeCelles, P.G., Garzione, C.N., Pearson, O.N., Harrison, T.M., and Catlos, E.J., 2003, Kinematic model for the Main Central thrust in Nepal: Geology, v. 31, p. 359-362, doi: 10.1130/ 0091-7613(2003)031<0359:KMFTMC>2.0.CO;2.
37. Schärer, U., and Allègre, C.J., 1983, The Palung granite (Himalaya): High-resolution U-Pb systematics in zircon and monazite: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 63, p. 423-432, doi: 10.1016/ 0012-821X(83)90115-2.
38. Schelling, D., 1992, The tectonostratigraphy and structure of the eastern Nepal Himalaya: Tectonics, v. 11, p. 925-943.
39. Stöcklin, J., 1980, Geology of Nepal and its regional frame: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 137, p. 1-34.
40. Stöcklin, J., and Bhattarai, K.D., 1980, Geological map of Kathmandu area and central Mahabharat Range: Kathmandu, Ministry of Industry and Commerce, Department of Mines and Geology, scale 1:250,000.
41. Stöcklin, J., and Bhattarai, K.D., 1981, Mineral exploration Nepal - Geology of Kathmandu area and central Mahabharat Range, Nepal: New York, United Nations, Technical Report DP/UN/NEP 73-019/3, 64 p.
42. Stöcklin, J., and Bhattarai, K.D., 1982, Photogeological map of part of central Nepal: Kathmandu, Ministry of Industry and Commerce, Department of Mines and Geology, scale 1:100,000.
43. Upreti, B.N., 1999, An overview of the stratigraphy and tectonics of the Nepal Himalaya: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 17, p. 577-606, doi: 10.1016/S1367-9120(99)00047-4.
44. Upreti, B.N., and LeFort, P., 1999, Lesser Himalayan crystalline nappes of Nepal: Problems of their origin, in Macfarlane, A., Sorkhabi, R.B., and Quade, J., eds., Himalaya and Tibet: Mountain roots to mountain tops: Geological Society of America Special Paper 328, p. 225-238.
45. Valdiya, K.S., 1995, Proterozoic sedimentation and Pan-African development of the Himalaya: Precambrian Research, v. 74, p. 35-55, doi: 10.1016/0301-9268(95)00004-O.
46. Vannay, J.C., and Graseman, B., 2001, Himalayan inverted metamorphism and syn-convergence extension as a consequence of a general shear extrusion: Geological Magazine, v. 138, p. 253-276, doi: 10.1017/ S0016756801005313.