The old and new significance of political economy in diplomacy

Review of International Studies

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2004, Pages

  Lee, Donna ^a   Hudson, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 3142694142     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210504006102     Document Type: Review

References (174)

1. Commercial diplomacy is the work of public officials from Foreign Ministries and overseas missions and officials from other government departments such as Trade/Commerce as well as private economic actors in support of the business and finance sectors of the economy. Commercial diplomacy involves the promotion of inward and outward investment and the promotion of exports in trade.
2. Other countries with combined trade and foreign ministries include Albania, Austria, Fiji, Republic of Korea, Mauritius and New Zealand.
3. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
4. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
5. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
6. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
7. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
8. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
9. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
10. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
11. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
12. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
13. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
14. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
15. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
16. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
17. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
18. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
19. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
20. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
21. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
22. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
23. By canon of diplomatic studies we mean the body of work written by scholars largely from the UK and the US that forms the core reading material for diplomatic studies courses in UK and US universities. These include: G. Ball, Diplomacy for a Crowded World (London: Bodley Head, 1976): G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002); François de Callières, The Art of Diplomacy, edited by M.A. Keens-Soper and K.W. Schweizer (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1983); H. Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994); H. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method: Being the Chichele Lectures delivered at the University of Oxford in November 1953 (Leicester: Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Leicester, 1998); Sir E. Satow, A Guide to Diplomatic Practice, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1922); Adam Watson, Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen, 1982); A. de Wicquefort, The Embassador and His Functions (translated by J. Digby in 1716 and reproduced by the Centre for the Study of Diplomacy, University of Leicester, 1997). Also general texts such as R.P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997); G.A. Craig and A.L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our Time (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995); A. Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998): C.W Freeman, Arts of Power Statecraft and Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997); A. George, Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1991); K. Hamilton and R. Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 1995); P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979); ; W.B. Macomber, The Angel's Game: A Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (New York: Stein and Day, 1975); P. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); the chapter 'Diplomacy' in H. G. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: Knopf, 1955); E. Plischke, Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisans (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1979); M. Stearns, Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Twentieth Century Fund, 1999); and A.L. Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States: First Line of Defense (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). We also include the journal Diplomacy & Statecraft within this canon. In using the term canon we do not wish to imply that diplomatic studies lacks diversity but argue that approaches that challenge this canon are rarely listed as core reading material.
24. We follow the conventional use of the nomenclature international relations and International Relations, respectively, to distinguish between 'belonging' and 'referring'. Lower-case international relations are those structures, agents and processes that belong to the realm that is the focus of study, and the capitalised International Relations, or IR, refers to conceptualisations of these and thus the discipline of study. The need to do this, as will become clear, is that although the two clearly relate to one another they do not necessarily correspond to each other.
25. See D. Kelly, The International Chamber of Commerce as a Diplomatic Actor', Discussion Papers in Diplomacy, no. 67 (The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael', 2000); G. Pigman, 'A Multifunctional Case Study for Teaching International Political Economy: The World Economic Forum as Shar-pei or Wolf in Sheep's Clothing?', International Studies Perspectives, 3 (2002), pp. 291-309; N. Bayne and S. Woolcock, The New Economic Diplomacy: Decision-making and Negotiation in International Economic Relations (Hampshire: Ashgate, 2003).
26. See D. Kelly, The International Chamber of Commerce as a Diplomatic Actor', Discussion Papers in Diplomacy, no. 67 (The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael', 2000); G. Pigman, 'A Multifunctional Case Study for Teaching International Political Economy: The World Economic Forum as Shar-pei or Wolf in Sheep's Clothing?', International Studies Perspectives, 3 (2002), pp. 291-309; N. Bayne and S. Woolcock, The New Economic Diplomacy: Decision-making and Negotiation in International Economic Relations (Hampshire: Ashgate, 2003).
27. See D. Kelly, The International Chamber of Commerce as a Diplomatic Actor', Discussion Papers in Diplomacy, no. 67 (The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael', 2000); G. Pigman, 'A Multifunctional Case Study for Teaching International Political Economy: The World Economic Forum as Shar-pei or Wolf in Sheep's Clothing?', International Studies Perspectives, 3 (2002), pp. 291-309; N. Bayne and S. Woolcock, The New Economic Diplomacy: Decision-making and Negotiation in International Economic Relations (Hampshire: Ashgate, 2003).
28. See series of articles by D. Lee, R. Coolsaet, E. Potter, and K. Rana in the 'Policy Forum on Commercial and Economic Diplomacy', in International Studies Perspectives, vol. 5 (2004), pp. 50-70.
29. See Bayne and Woolcock, The New Economic Diplomacy, pp. 61-2.
30. Excerpts from speech by Christopher Meyer, British Ambassador to the United States, 24 March 1998, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 'The Future of Diplomacy', available at http://britain-info.org/bistext/embassy/24mar98.stm. (accessed May 2000).
31. D.C.M. Platt, Finance, Trade, and Politics in British Foreign Policy 1815-1914 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969); E. Hambloch, British Consul: Memories of Thirty Years' Service in Europe and Brazil (London: George G. Harrap, 1938).
32. D.C.M. Platt, Finance, Trade, and Politics in British Foreign Policy 1815-1914 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969); E. Hambloch, British Consul: Memories of Thirty Years' Service in Europe and Brazil (London: George G. Harrap, 1938).
33. Diplomatic Theory and Practice; Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; Plischke, Modern Diplomacy; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States.
34. Diplomatic Theory and Practice; Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; Plischke, Modern Diplomacy; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States.
35. Diplomatic Theory and Practice; Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; Plischke, Modern Diplomacy; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States.
36. Diplomatic Theory and Practice; Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; Plischke, Modern Diplomacy; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States.
37. Diplomatic Theory and Practice; Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; Plischke, Modern Diplomacy; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States.
38. Diplomatic Theory and Practice; Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; Plischke, Modern Diplomacy; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States.
39. Diplomatic Theory and Practice; Eban, Diplomacy for the Next Century; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; Plischke, Modern Diplomacy; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Steigman, The Foreign Service of the United States.
40. See, for example, G.S. Craig, The Professional Diplomat and his Problems, 1919-1939', World Politics, 4 (1952), pp. 144-58; M. Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy', International Affairs, 45 (1969), pp. 605-16; S.M. Finger, Inside the World of Diplomacy: The US Foreign Service in a Changing World (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002); G.F. Kennan, 'Diplomacy without Diplomats', Foreign Affairs, 76 (1997), pp. 198-212; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy. See P. Sharp, 'For Diplomacy: Representation and the Study of International Relations', International Studies Review, 1 (1999), pp. 33-57, for analysis of these arguments. In the US the debate usually focuses on the theme of the decline of the Department of State. See D. Acheson, 'The Eclipse of the State Department', Foreign Affairs, 49 (1971), pp. 593-606.
41. See, for example, G.S. Craig, The Professional Diplomat and his Problems, 1919-1939', World Politics, 4 (1952), pp. 144-58; M. Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy', International Affairs, 45 (1969), pp. 605-16; S.M. Finger, Inside the World of Diplomacy: The US Foreign Service in a Changing World (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002); G.F. Kennan, 'Diplomacy without Diplomats', Foreign Affairs, 76 (1997), pp. 198-212; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy. See P. Sharp, 'For Diplomacy: Representation and the Study of International Relations', International Studies Review, 1 (1999), pp. 33-57, for analysis of these arguments. In the US the debate usually focuses on the theme of the decline of the Department of State. See D. Acheson, 'The Eclipse of the State Department', Foreign Affairs, 49 (1971), pp. 593-606.
42. See, for example, G.S. Craig, The Professional Diplomat and his Problems, 1919-1939', World Politics, 4 (1952), pp. 144-58; M. Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy', International Affairs, 45 (1969), pp. 605-16; S.M. Finger, Inside the World of Diplomacy: The US Foreign Service in a Changing World (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002); G.F. Kennan, 'Diplomacy without Diplomats', Foreign Affairs, 76 (1997), pp. 198-212; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy. See P. Sharp, 'For Diplomacy: Representation and the Study of International Relations', International Studies Review, 1 (1999), pp. 33-57, for analysis of these arguments. In the US the debate usually focuses on the theme of the decline of the Department of State. See D. Acheson, 'The Eclipse of the State Department', Foreign Affairs, 49 (1971), pp. 593-606.
43. See, for example, G.S. Craig, The Professional Diplomat and his Problems, 1919-1939', World Politics, 4 (1952), pp. 144-58; M. Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy', International Affairs, 45 (1969), pp. 605-16; S.M. Finger, Inside the World of Diplomacy: The US Foreign Service in a Changing World (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002); G.F. Kennan, 'Diplomacy without Diplomats', Foreign Affairs, 76 (1997), pp. 198-212; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy. See P. Sharp, 'For Diplomacy: Representation and the Study of International Relations', International Studies Review, 1 (1999), pp. 33-57, for analysis of these arguments. In the US the debate usually focuses on the theme of the decline of the Department of State. See D. Acheson, 'The Eclipse of the State Department', Foreign Affairs, 49 (1971), pp. 593-606.
44. See, for example, G.S. Craig, The Professional Diplomat and his Problems, 1919-1939', World Politics, 4 (1952), pp. 144-58; M. Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy', International Affairs, 45 (1969), pp. 605-16; S.M. Finger, Inside the World of Diplomacy: The US Foreign Service in a Changing World (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002); G.F. Kennan, 'Diplomacy without Diplomats', Foreign Affairs, 76 (1997), pp. 198-212; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy. See P. Sharp, 'For Diplomacy: Representation and the Study of International Relations', International Studies Review, 1 (1999), pp. 33-57, for analysis of these arguments. In the US the debate usually focuses on the theme of the decline of the Department of State. See D. Acheson, 'The Eclipse of the State Department', Foreign Affairs, 49 (1971), pp. 593-606.
45. See, for example, G.S. Craig, The Professional Diplomat and his Problems, 1919-1939', World Politics, 4 (1952), pp. 144-58; M. Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy', International Affairs, 45 (1969), pp. 605-16; S.M. Finger, Inside the World of Diplomacy: The US Foreign Service in a Changing World (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002); G.F. Kennan, 'Diplomacy without Diplomats', Foreign Affairs, 76 (1997), pp. 198-212; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy. See P. Sharp, 'For Diplomacy: Representation and the Study of International Relations', International Studies Review, 1 (1999), pp. 33-57, for analysis of these arguments. In the US the debate usually focuses on the theme of the decline of the Department of State. See D. Acheson, 'The Eclipse of the State Department', Foreign Affairs, 49 (1971), pp. 593-606.
46. See, for example, G.S. Craig, The Professional Diplomat and his Problems, 1919-1939', World Politics, 4 (1952), pp. 144-58; M. Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy', International Affairs, 45 (1969), pp. 605-16; S.M. Finger, Inside the World of Diplomacy: The US Foreign Service in a Changing World (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002); G.F. Kennan, 'Diplomacy without Diplomats', Foreign Affairs, 76 (1997), pp. 198-212; Marshall, Positive Diplomacy. See P. Sharp, 'For Diplomacy: Representation and the Study of International Relations', International Studies Review, 1 (1999), pp. 33-57, for analysis of these arguments. In the US the debate usually focuses on the theme of the decline of the Department of State. See D. Acheson, 'The Eclipse of the State Department', Foreign Affairs, 49 (1971), pp. 593-606.
47. C. Jennings and N. Hopkinson (eds.), Current Issues in International Diplomacy and Foreign Policy, vol. 1 (London: HMSO/Wilton Park, 1999).
48. N. Henderson, Mandarin: Diaries of an Ambassador 1969-1982 (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1995). Of course, there are probably market reasons for omitting details of commercial work. Would such a book sell as well?
49. Henderson, Mandarin, p. 2.
50. A. Parsons, The Pride and the Fall: Iran 1974-1979 (London: Cape, 1984), p. 37. Parsons subsequently regretted spending so much time on trade matters at the expense of political issues.
51. K. Rana, Inside Diplomacy (New Delhi: Manas Publications, 2000), p. 117.
52. See, for example, H. Brind, Lying Abroad: Diplomatic Memoirs (London: The Radcliffe Press, 1999); Lord Gladwyn, The Memoirs of Lord Gladwyn (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972); Henderson, Mandarin; M.F. Herz, Making the World a Less Dangerous Place - Lessons Learned from a Career in Diplomacy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1987); H. Kissinger, The White House Years (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1979); R.H. Miller, Inside the Embassy: The Political Role of Diplomats Abroad (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1992); J. Reeve, Cocktails, Crises and Cockroaches: A Diplomatic Trail (London: Radcliffe Press, 1999); Baron W. Strang, The Diplomatic Career (London: A. Deutsch, 1962).
53. See, for example, H. Brind, Lying Abroad: Diplomatic Memoirs (London: The Radcliffe Press, 1999); Lord Gladwyn, The Memoirs of Lord Gladwyn (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972); Henderson, Mandarin; M.F. Herz, Making the World a Less Dangerous Place - Lessons Learned from a Career in Diplomacy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1987); H. Kissinger, The White House Years (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1979); R.H. Miller, Inside the Embassy: The Political Role of Diplomats Abroad (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1992); J. Reeve, Cocktails, Crises and Cockroaches: A Diplomatic Trail (London: Radcliffe Press, 1999); Baron W. Strang, The Diplomatic Career (London: A. Deutsch, 1962).
54. See, for example, H. Brind, Lying Abroad: Diplomatic Memoirs (London: The Radcliffe Press, 1999); Lord Gladwyn, The Memoirs of Lord Gladwyn (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972); Henderson, Mandarin; M.F. Herz, Making the World a Less Dangerous Place - Lessons Learned from a Career in Diplomacy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1987); H. Kissinger, The White House Years (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1979); R.H. Miller, Inside the Embassy: The Political Role of Diplomats Abroad (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1992); J. Reeve, Cocktails, Crises and Cockroaches: A Diplomatic Trail (London: Radcliffe Press, 1999); Baron W. Strang, The Diplomatic Career (London: A. Deutsch, 1962).
55. See, for example, H. Brind, Lying Abroad: Diplomatic Memoirs (London: The Radcliffe Press, 1999); Lord Gladwyn, The Memoirs of Lord Gladwyn (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972); Henderson, Mandarin; M.F. Herz, Making the World a Less Dangerous Place - Lessons Learned from a Career in Diplomacy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1987); H. Kissinger, The White House Years (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1979); R.H. Miller, Inside the Embassy: The Political Role of Diplomats Abroad (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1992); J. Reeve, Cocktails, Crises and Cockroaches: A Diplomatic Trail (London: Radcliffe Press, 1999); Baron W. Strang, The Diplomatic Career (London: A. Deutsch, 1962).
56. See, for example, H. Brind, Lying Abroad: Diplomatic Memoirs (London: The Radcliffe Press, 1999); Lord Gladwyn, The Memoirs of Lord Gladwyn (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972); Henderson, Mandarin; M.F. Herz, Making the World a Less Dangerous Place - Lessons Learned from a Career in Diplomacy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1987); H. Kissinger, The White House Years (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1979); R.H. Miller, Inside the Embassy: The Political Role of Diplomats Abroad (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1992); J. Reeve, Cocktails, Crises and Cockroaches: A Diplomatic Trail (London: Radcliffe Press, 1999); Baron W. Strang, The Diplomatic Career (London: A. Deutsch, 1962).
57. See, for example, H. Brind, Lying Abroad: Diplomatic Memoirs (London: The Radcliffe Press, 1999); Lord Gladwyn, The Memoirs of Lord Gladwyn (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972); Henderson, Mandarin; M.F. Herz, Making the World a Less Dangerous Place - Lessons Learned from a Career in Diplomacy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1987); H. Kissinger, The White House Years (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1979); R.H. Miller, Inside the Embassy: The Political Role of Diplomats Abroad (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1992); J. Reeve, Cocktails, Crises and Cockroaches: A Diplomatic Trail (London: Radcliffe Press, 1999); Baron W. Strang, The Diplomatic Career (London: A. Deutsch, 1962).
58. See, for example, H. Brind, Lying Abroad: Diplomatic Memoirs (London: The Radcliffe Press, 1999); Lord Gladwyn, The Memoirs of Lord Gladwyn (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972); Henderson, Mandarin; M.F. Herz, Making the World a Less Dangerous Place - Lessons Learned from a Career in Diplomacy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1987); H. Kissinger, The White House Years (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1979); R.H. Miller, Inside the Embassy: The Political Role of Diplomats Abroad (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1992); J. Reeve, Cocktails, Crises and Cockroaches: A Diplomatic Trail (London: Radcliffe Press, 1999); Baron W. Strang, The Diplomatic Career (London: A. Deutsch, 1962).
59. See, for example, H. Brind, Lying Abroad: Diplomatic Memoirs (London: The Radcliffe Press, 1999); Lord Gladwyn, The Memoirs of Lord Gladwyn (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972); Henderson, Mandarin; M.F. Herz, Making the World a Less Dangerous Place - Lessons Learned from a Career in Diplomacy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1987); H. Kissinger, The White House Years (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1979); R.H. Miller, Inside the Embassy: The Political Role of Diplomats Abroad (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1992); J. Reeve, Cocktails, Crises and Cockroaches: A Diplomatic Trail (London: Radcliffe Press, 1999); Baron W. Strang, The Diplomatic Career (London: A. Deutsch, 1962).
60. Rana, Inside Diplomacy, p. 126.
61. J. Dickie, Inside the Foreign Office (London: Chapmans, 1992); C. Mott-Radcliffe, Foreign Body in the Eye: Memoir of the Foreign Service Old and New (London: Leo Cooper, 1995); Rana, Inside Diplomacy.
62. J. Dickie, Inside the Foreign Office (London: Chapmans, 1992); C. Mott-Radcliffe, Foreign Body in the Eye: Memoir of the Foreign Service Old and New (London: Leo Cooper, 1995); Rana, Inside Diplomacy.
63. J. Dickie, Inside the Foreign Office (London: Chapmans, 1992); C. Mott-Radcliffe, Foreign Body in the Eye: Memoir of the Foreign Service Old and New (London: Leo Cooper, 1995); Rana, Inside Diplomacy.
64. Review Committee on Overseas Representation Report of the Review Committee on Overseas Representation, Cmnd 4017, The Duncan Report. (London: HMSO, 1969).
65. Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1970 70/45 Parts A-D, London Public Records Office, Kew.
66. Dickie, Inside the Foreign Office, p. 12.
67. A. Woods, A History of the Levant Company (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1935).
68. D.C.M. Platt, The Cinderella Service: British Consuls Since 1825 (London: Longman, 1971); Woods, A History of the Levant Company.
69. D.C.M. Platt, The Cinderella Service: British Consuls Since 1825 (London: Longman, 1971); Woods, A History of the Levant Company.
70. Platt, The Cinderella Service. For a critical view of Levant diplomats see D.B. Horn, The British Diplomatic Service 1689-1789 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961).
71. Platt, The Cinderella Service. For a critical view of Levant diplomats see D.B. Horn, The British Diplomatic Service 1689-1789 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961).
72. For details see K.N. Chaudhuri, The English East India Company: The Study of an Early Joint-Stock Company 1600-1640 (London: Frank Cass, 1965); K.N. Chaudhuri, The Trading World of Asia and the East India Company 1660-1760 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978); A.K. Smith, Creating a World Economy: Merchant Capital, Colonialism and World Trade, 1400-1825 (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991); J.D. Tracy (ed.), The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-Distance Trade in the Early Modern World, 1350-1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
73. For details see K.N. Chaudhuri, The English East India Company: The Study of an Early Joint-Stock Company 1600-1640 (London: Frank Cass, 1965); K.N. Chaudhuri, The Trading World of Asia and the East India Company 1660-1760 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978); A.K. Smith, Creating a World Economy: Merchant Capital, Colonialism and World Trade, 1400-1825 (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991); J.D. Tracy (ed.), The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-Distance Trade in the Early Modern World, 1350-1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
74. For details see K.N. Chaudhuri, The English East India Company: The Study of an Early Joint-Stock Company 1600-1640 (London: Frank Cass, 1965); K.N. Chaudhuri, The Trading World of Asia and the East India Company 1660-1760 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978); A.K. Smith, Creating a World Economy: Merchant Capital, Colonialism and World Trade, 1400-1825 (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991); J.D. Tracy (ed.), The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-Distance Trade in the Early Modern World, 1350-1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
75. For details see K.N. Chaudhuri, The English East India Company: The Study of an Early Joint-Stock Company 1600-1640 (London: Frank Cass, 1965); K.N. Chaudhuri, The Trading World of Asia and the East India Company 1660-1760 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978); A.K. Smith, Creating a World Economy: Merchant Capital, Colonialism and World Trade, 1400-1825 (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991); J.D. Tracy (ed.), The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-Distance Trade in the Early Modern World, 1350-1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
76. J. Keay, The Honourable Company: A History of the English East India Company (London: HarperCollins, 1993), p. 52.
77. Keay, The Honourable Company, p. 74. For detail on the Dutch East India Company, see J. Van Goor 'India and the Indonesian Archipelago from the Generale Missiven der VOC (Dutch East India Company)', Interario, XVI (1992), pp. 23-37.
78. Keay, The Honourable Company, p. 74. For detail on the Dutch East India Company, see J. Van Goor 'India and the Indonesian Archipelago from the Generale Missiven der VOC (Dutch East India Company)', Interario, XVI (1992), pp. 23-37.
79. D.M. Pletcher, The Diplomacy of Involvement: American Economic Expansion Across the Pacific, 1784-1900 (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2001).
80. See, for example, S. Doran, The Origins of Jeffersonian Commercial Policy and Diplomacy (Studies in Modern History, New York: Macmillan/St. Martin's Press, 1993); and R. Horsman, The Diplomacy of the New Republic, 1776-1815 (The American History Series, Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson, 1985).
81. See, for example, S. Doran, The Origins of Jeffersonian Commercial Policy and Diplomacy (Studies in Modern History, New York: Macmillan/St. Martin's Press, 1993); and R. Horsman, The Diplomacy of the New Republic, 1776-1815 (The American History Series, Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson, 1985).
82. W.A. Williams, A William Appleman Williams Reader Selections from His Major Historical Writings (edited with an introduction and notes by H.W. Berger (Chicago, IL: I.R. Dee, 1992): and The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, 2nd revised and enlarged edition (New York: Dell, 1972).
83. W.A. Williams, A William Appleman Williams Reader Selections from His Major Historical Writings (edited with an introduction and notes by H.W. Berger (Chicago, IL: I.R. Dee, 1992): and The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, 2nd revised and enlarged edition (New York: Dell, 1972).
84. The thrust of our argument owes much to the insights of R. Tooze and C.N. Murphy, 'The Epistemology of Poverty and the Poverty of Epistemology', Millennium: Journal of international Studies, 25 (1996), pp. 681-707.
85. Following Steve Smith, 'The United States and the Discipline of International Relations: Hegemonic Country, Hegemonic Discipline', International Studies Review, 4 (2002), pp 67-85, we use rationalism to refer to realism, neorealism and neoliberalism.
86. By 'just political intercourse' we are actually referring to a particularly narrow type of politics; perhaps that most closely associated with political-military relations.
87. M. Keens-Soper, 'Callières' in G.R. Berridge, M. Keens-Soper and T. Otte, Diplomatic Theory from Machiavelli to Kissinger (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001), p. 101.
88. For instance, see R. Ashley, 'Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique', Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 17 (1998), pp. 227-62; R. Ashley 'The Powers of Anarchy: Theory, Sovereignty, and the Domestication of Global Life', in J. Der Derian (ed.), International Theory: Critical Investigations (London: Macmillan, 1995); D. Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998); R.J.B. Walker, Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
89. For instance, see R. Ashley, 'Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique', Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 17 (1998), pp. 227-62; R. Ashley 'The Powers of Anarchy: Theory, Sovereignty, and the Domestication of Global Life', in J. Der Derian (ed.), International Theory: Critical Investigations (London: Macmillan, 1995); D. Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998); R.J.B. Walker, Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
90. For instance, see R. Ashley, 'Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique', Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 17 (1998), pp. 227-62; R. Ashley 'The Powers of Anarchy: Theory, Sovereignty, and the Domestication of Global Life', in J. Der Derian (ed.), International Theory: Critical Investigations (London: Macmillan, 1995); D. Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998); R.J.B. Walker, Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
91. For instance, see R. Ashley, 'Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique', Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 17 (1998), pp. 227-62; R. Ashley 'The Powers of Anarchy: Theory, Sovereignty, and the Domestication of Global Life', in J. Der Derian (ed.), International Theory: Critical Investigations (London: Macmillan, 1995); D. Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998); R.J.B. Walker, Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
92. For evidence of the rationalist ontological heritage in the theory of diplomacy we can point to Berridge et al., Diplomatic Theory. This useful guide to the diplomatic classics clearly defines the canon of the theory of diplomacy. Similarly, see P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979).
93. For evidence of the rationalist ontological heritage in the theory of diplomacy we can point to Berridge et al., Diplomatic Theory. This useful guide to the diplomatic classics clearly defines the canon of the theory of diplomacy. Similarly, see P.G. Lauren, Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979).
94. A. Watson, Diplomacy, p. 15.
95. See, for example, H. Butterfield and M. Wight (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966); H. Bull, The Anarchical Society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy'; and Watson, Diplomacy. Even where the subject matter of diplomacy is economic rather than political relations or foreign policy, for example in case studies of oil diplomacy, financial diplomacy, and trade diplomacy, it is common for scholars to discuss the political power of states in their economic relations or to study the structural power of states in the international political economy. See, for example, Feis, The Diplomacy of the Dollar:1919-1932 (New York: Norton, 1996); R.N. Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective: the Origins and Prospects of Our International Economic Order (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980); D.B. Kunz, Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 1991); R.H. Meyer, Bankers Diplomacy: Monetary Stabilization in the Twenties (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970); F. Venn, Oil Diplomacy in the 20th Century (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986); and R. Zimmerman, Dollars, Diplomacy and Dependence: Dilemmas of US Economic Aid (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993). Diplomacy is seen as (a) a state-centric system to overcome conflict/anarchy, and (b) primarily a tool of public political power to achieve common economic goals.
96. See, for example, H. Butterfield and M. Wight (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966); H. Bull, The Anarchical Society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy'; and Watson, Diplomacy. Even where the subject matter of diplomacy is economic rather than political relations or foreign policy, for example in case studies of oil diplomacy, financial diplomacy, and trade diplomacy, it is common for scholars to discuss the political power of states in their economic relations or to study the structural power of states in the international political economy. See, for example, Feis, The Diplomacy of the Dollar:1919-1932 (New York: Norton, 1996); R.N. Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective: the Origins and Prospects of Our International Economic Order (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980); D.B. Kunz, Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 1991); R.H. Meyer, Bankers Diplomacy: Monetary Stabilization in the Twenties (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970); F. Venn, Oil Diplomacy in the 20th Century (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986); and R. Zimmerman, Dollars, Diplomacy and Dependence: Dilemmas of US Economic Aid (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993). Diplomacy is seen as (a) a state-centric system to overcome conflict/anarchy, and (b) primarily a tool of public political power to achieve common economic goals.
97. See, for example, H. Butterfield and M. Wight (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966); H. Bull, The Anarchical Society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy'; and Watson, Diplomacy. Even where the subject matter of diplomacy is economic rather than political relations or foreign policy, for example in case studies of oil diplomacy, financial diplomacy, and trade diplomacy, it is common for scholars to discuss the political power of states in their economic relations or to study the structural power of states in the international political economy. See, for example, Feis, The Diplomacy of the Dollar:1919-1932 (New York: Norton, 1996); R.N. Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective: the Origins and Prospects of Our International Economic Order (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980); D.B. Kunz, Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 1991); R.H. Meyer, Bankers Diplomacy: Monetary Stabilization in the Twenties (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970); F. Venn, Oil Diplomacy in the 20th Century (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986); and R. Zimmerman, Dollars, Diplomacy and Dependence: Dilemmas of US Economic Aid (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993). Diplomacy is seen as (a) a state-centric system to overcome conflict/anarchy, and (b) primarily a tool of public political power to achieve common economic goals.
98. See, for example, H. Butterfield and M. Wight (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966); H. Bull, The Anarchical Society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy'; and Watson, Diplomacy. Even where the subject matter of diplomacy is economic rather than political relations or foreign policy, for example in case studies of oil diplomacy, financial diplomacy, and trade diplomacy, it is common for scholars to discuss the political power of states in their economic relations or to study the structural power of states in the international political economy. See, for example, Feis, The Diplomacy of the Dollar:1919-1932 (New York: Norton, 1996); R.N. Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective: the Origins and Prospects of Our International Economic Order (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980); D.B. Kunz, Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 1991); R.H. Meyer, Bankers Diplomacy: Monetary Stabilization in the Twenties (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970); F. Venn, Oil Diplomacy in the 20th Century (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986); and R. Zimmerman, Dollars, Diplomacy and Dependence: Dilemmas of US Economic Aid (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993). Diplomacy is seen as (a) a state-centric system to overcome conflict/anarchy, and (b) primarily a tool of public political power to achieve common economic goals.
99. See, for example, H. Butterfield and M. Wight (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966); H. Bull, The Anarchical Society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy'; and Watson, Diplomacy. Even where the subject matter of diplomacy is economic rather than political relations or foreign policy, for example in case studies of oil diplomacy, financial diplomacy, and trade diplomacy, it is common for scholars to discuss the political power of states in their economic relations or to study the structural power of states in the international political economy. See, for example, Feis, The Diplomacy of the Dollar:1919-1932 (New York: Norton, 1996); R.N. Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective: the Origins and Prospects of Our International Economic Order (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980); D.B. Kunz, Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 1991); R.H. Meyer, Bankers Diplomacy: Monetary Stabilization in the Twenties (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970); F. Venn, Oil Diplomacy in the 20th Century (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986); and R. Zimmerman, Dollars, Diplomacy and Dependence: Dilemmas of US Economic Aid (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993). Diplomacy is seen as (a) a state-centric system to overcome conflict/anarchy, and (b) primarily a tool of public political power to achieve common economic goals.
100. See, for example, H. Butterfield and M. Wight (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966); H. Bull, The Anarchical Society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy'; and Watson, Diplomacy. Even where the subject matter of diplomacy is economic rather than political relations or foreign policy, for example in case studies of oil diplomacy, financial diplomacy, and trade diplomacy, it is common for scholars to discuss the political power of states in their economic relations or to study the structural power of states in the international political economy. See, for example, Feis, The Diplomacy of the Dollar:1919-1932 (New York: Norton, 1996); R.N. Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective: the Origins and Prospects of Our International Economic Order (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980); D.B. Kunz, Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 1991); R.H. Meyer, Bankers Diplomacy: Monetary Stabilization in the Twenties (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970); F. Venn, Oil Diplomacy in the 20th Century (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986); and R. Zimmerman, Dollars, Diplomacy and Dependence: Dilemmas of US Economic Aid (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993). Diplomacy is seen as (a) a state-centric system to overcome conflict/anarchy, and (b) primarily a tool of public political power to achieve common economic goals.
101. See, for example, H. Butterfield and M. Wight (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966); H. Bull, The Anarchical Society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy'; and Watson, Diplomacy. Even where the subject matter of diplomacy is economic rather than political relations or foreign policy, for example in case studies of oil diplomacy, financial diplomacy, and trade diplomacy, it is common for scholars to discuss the political power of states in their economic relations or to study the structural power of states in the international political economy. See, for example, Feis, The Diplomacy of the Dollar:1919-1932 (New York: Norton, 1996); R.N. Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective: the Origins and Prospects of Our International Economic Order (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980); D.B. Kunz, Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 1991); R.H. Meyer, Bankers Diplomacy: Monetary Stabilization in the Twenties (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970); F. Venn, Oil Diplomacy in the 20th Century (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986); and R. Zimmerman, Dollars, Diplomacy and Dependence: Dilemmas of US Economic Aid (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993). Diplomacy is seen as (a) a state-centric system to overcome conflict/anarchy, and (b) primarily a tool of public political power to achieve common economic goals.
102. See, for example, H. Butterfield and M. Wight (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966); H. Bull, The Anarchical Society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy'; and Watson, Diplomacy. Even where the subject matter of diplomacy is economic rather than political relations or foreign policy, for example in case studies of oil diplomacy, financial diplomacy, and trade diplomacy, it is common for scholars to discuss the political power of states in their economic relations or to study the structural power of states in the international political economy. See, for example, Feis, The Diplomacy of the Dollar:1919-1932 (New York: Norton, 1996); R.N. Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective: the Origins and Prospects of Our International Economic Order (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980); D.B. Kunz, Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 1991); R.H. Meyer, Bankers Diplomacy: Monetary Stabilization in the Twenties (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970); F. Venn, Oil Diplomacy in the 20th Century (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986); and R. Zimmerman, Dollars, Diplomacy and Dependence: Dilemmas of US Economic Aid (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993). Diplomacy is seen as (a) a state-centric system to overcome conflict/anarchy, and (b) primarily a tool of public political power to achieve common economic goals.
103. See, for example, H. Butterfield and M. Wight (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966); H. Bull, The Anarchical Society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy'; and Watson, Diplomacy. Even where the subject matter of diplomacy is economic rather than political relations or foreign policy, for example in case studies of oil diplomacy, financial diplomacy, and trade diplomacy, it is common for scholars to discuss the political power of states in their economic relations or to study the structural power of states in the international political economy. See, for example, Feis, The Diplomacy of the Dollar:1919-1932 (New York: Norton, 1996); R.N. Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective: the Origins and Prospects of Our International Economic Order (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980); D.B. Kunz, Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 1991); R.H. Meyer, Bankers Diplomacy: Monetary Stabilization in the Twenties (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970); F. Venn, Oil Diplomacy in the 20th Century (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986); and R. Zimmerman, Dollars, Diplomacy and Dependence: Dilemmas of US Economic Aid (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993). Diplomacy is seen as (a) a state-centric system to overcome conflict/anarchy, and (b) primarily a tool of public political power to achieve common economic goals.
104. See, for example, H. Butterfield and M. Wight (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966); H. Bull, The Anarchical Society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Donelan, 'The Trade of Diplomacy'; and Watson, Diplomacy. Even where the subject matter of diplomacy is economic rather than political relations or foreign policy, for example in case studies of oil diplomacy, financial diplomacy, and trade diplomacy, it is common for scholars to discuss the political power of states in their economic relations or to study the structural power of states in the international political economy. See, for example, Feis, The Diplomacy of the Dollar:1919-1932 (New York: Norton, 1996); R.N. Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective: the Origins and Prospects of Our International Economic Order (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980); D.B. Kunz, Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 1991); R.H. Meyer, Bankers Diplomacy: Monetary Stabilization in the Twenties (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970); F. Venn, Oil Diplomacy in the 20th Century (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986); and R. Zimmerman, Dollars, Diplomacy and Dependence: Dilemmas of US Economic Aid (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993). Diplomacy is seen as (a) a state-centric system to overcome conflict/anarchy, and (b) primarily a tool of public political power to achieve common economic goals.
105. Berridge et al., Diplomatic Theory, p. 1.
106. See, for instance, Kissinger, Diplomacy; Watson, Diplomacy.
107. See, for instance, Kissinger, Diplomacy; Watson, Diplomacy.
108. An indicative bibliography includes: R.J. Albright, R.S. Johnson, D.J. Rothtopf and C.B. Johnstone, US Commercial Diplomacy, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); P.S. Chasek, Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy (New York: United Nations University Press, 2001); R.G. Darst, Smokestack Diplomacy: Cooperation and Conflict in East-West Environmental Politics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001); R.S. Fortner, Public Diplomacy and International Politics: The Symbolic Constructs of Summits and International Radio News (New York: Praeger, 1994); J. Garten, R. Zoellick and J. Shinn, Riding the Tigers: American Commercial Diplomacy in Asia, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); A.C. Hansen, USIA: Public Diplomacy in the Computer Age, 2nd edn. (New York: Praeger, 1989): D. Huffman, 'Beyond Public Diplomacy', Foreign Affairs, 81 (2002), pp. 83-95; D. Lee, Middle Powers and Commercial Diplomacy: British Influence at the Kennedy Trade Round (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); J.B. Manheim, Strategic Public Diplomacy and American Foreign Policy: The Evolution of Influence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); P. Sharp, 'Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats: The People of Duluth, Minnesota, as International Actors', International Studies Perspectives, 2 (2001), pp. 131-50; H.N. Tuch, and M. Kalb Communicating with the World: US Public Diplomacy Overseas, Martin F. Herz Series on US Diplomacy (New York: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1990).
109. An indicative bibliography includes: R.J. Albright, R.S. Johnson, D.J. Rothtopf and C.B. Johnstone, US Commercial Diplomacy, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); P.S. Chasek, Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy (New York: United Nations University Press, 2001); R.G. Darst, Smokestack Diplomacy: Cooperation and Conflict in East-West Environmental Politics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001); R.S. Fortner, Public Diplomacy and International Politics: The Symbolic Constructs of Summits and International Radio News (New York: Praeger, 1994); J. Garten, R. Zoellick and J. Shinn, Riding the Tigers: American Commercial Diplomacy in Asia, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); A.C. Hansen, USIA: Public Diplomacy in the Computer Age, 2nd edn. (New York: Praeger, 1989): D. Huffman, 'Beyond Public Diplomacy', Foreign Affairs, 81 (2002), pp. 83-95; D. Lee, Middle Powers and Commercial Diplomacy: British Influence at the Kennedy Trade Round (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); J.B. Manheim, Strategic Public Diplomacy and American Foreign Policy: The Evolution of Influence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); P. Sharp, 'Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats: The People of Duluth, Minnesota, as International Actors', International Studies Perspectives, 2 (2001), pp. 131-50; H.N. Tuch, and M. Kalb Communicating with the World: US Public Diplomacy Overseas, Martin F. Herz Series on US Diplomacy (New York: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1990).
110. An indicative bibliography includes: R.J. Albright, R.S. Johnson, D.J. Rothtopf and C.B. Johnstone, US Commercial Diplomacy, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); P.S. Chasek, Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy (New York: United Nations University Press, 2001); R.G. Darst, Smokestack Diplomacy: Cooperation and Conflict in East-West Environmental Politics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001); R.S. Fortner, Public Diplomacy and International Politics: The Symbolic Constructs of Summits and International Radio News (New York: Praeger, 1994); J. Garten, R. Zoellick and J. Shinn, Riding the Tigers: American Commercial Diplomacy in Asia, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); A.C. Hansen, USIA: Public Diplomacy in the Computer Age, 2nd edn. (New York: Praeger, 1989): D. Huffman, 'Beyond Public Diplomacy', Foreign Affairs, 81 (2002), pp. 83-95; D. Lee, Middle Powers and Commercial Diplomacy: British Influence at the Kennedy Trade Round (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); J.B. Manheim, Strategic Public Diplomacy and American Foreign Policy: The Evolution of Influence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); P. Sharp, 'Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats: The People of Duluth, Minnesota, as International Actors', International Studies Perspectives, 2 (2001), pp. 131-50; H.N. Tuch, and M. Kalb Communicating with the World: US Public Diplomacy Overseas, Martin F. Herz Series on US Diplomacy (New York: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1990).
111. An indicative bibliography includes: R.J. Albright, R.S. Johnson, D.J. Rothtopf and C.B. Johnstone, US Commercial Diplomacy, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); P.S. Chasek, Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy (New York: United Nations University Press, 2001); R.G. Darst, Smokestack Diplomacy: Cooperation and Conflict in East-West Environmental Politics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001); R.S. Fortner, Public Diplomacy and International Politics: The Symbolic Constructs of Summits and International Radio News (New York: Praeger, 1994); J. Garten, R. Zoellick and J. Shinn, Riding the Tigers: American Commercial Diplomacy in Asia, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); A.C. Hansen, USIA: Public Diplomacy in the Computer Age, 2nd edn. (New York: Praeger, 1989): D. Huffman, 'Beyond Public Diplomacy', Foreign Affairs, 81 (2002), pp. 83-95; D. Lee, Middle Powers and Commercial Diplomacy: British Influence at the Kennedy Trade Round (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); J.B. Manheim, Strategic Public Diplomacy and American Foreign Policy: The Evolution of Influence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); P. Sharp, 'Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats: The People of Duluth, Minnesota, as International Actors', International Studies Perspectives, 2 (2001), pp. 131-50; H.N. Tuch, and M. Kalb Communicating with the World: US Public Diplomacy Overseas, Martin F. Herz Series on US Diplomacy (New York: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1990).
112. An indicative bibliography includes: R.J. Albright, R.S. Johnson, D.J. Rothtopf and C.B. Johnstone, US Commercial Diplomacy, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); P.S. Chasek, Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy (New York: United Nations University Press, 2001); R.G. Darst, Smokestack Diplomacy: Cooperation and Conflict in East-West Environmental Politics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001); R.S. Fortner, Public Diplomacy and International Politics: The Symbolic Constructs of Summits and International Radio News (New York: Praeger, 1994); J. Garten, R. Zoellick and J. Shinn, Riding the Tigers: American Commercial Diplomacy in Asia, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); A.C. Hansen, USIA: Public Diplomacy in the Computer Age, 2nd edn. (New York: Praeger, 1989): D. Huffman, 'Beyond Public Diplomacy', Foreign Affairs, 81 (2002), pp. 83-95; D. Lee, Middle Powers and Commercial Diplomacy: British Influence at the Kennedy Trade Round (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); J.B. Manheim, Strategic Public Diplomacy and American Foreign Policy: The Evolution of Influence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); P. Sharp, 'Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats: The People of Duluth, Minnesota, as International Actors', International Studies Perspectives, 2 (2001), pp. 131-50; H.N. Tuch, and M. Kalb Communicating with the World: US Public Diplomacy Overseas, Martin F. Herz Series on US Diplomacy (New York: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1990).
113. An indicative bibliography includes: R.J. Albright, R.S. Johnson, D.J. Rothtopf and C.B. Johnstone, US Commercial Diplomacy, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); P.S. Chasek, Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy (New York: United Nations University Press, 2001); R.G. Darst, Smokestack Diplomacy: Cooperation and Conflict in East-West Environmental Politics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001); R.S. Fortner, Public Diplomacy and International Politics: The Symbolic Constructs of Summits and International Radio News (New York: Praeger, 1994); J. Garten, R. Zoellick and J. Shinn, Riding the Tigers: American Commercial Diplomacy in Asia, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); A.C. Hansen, USIA: Public Diplomacy in the Computer Age, 2nd edn. (New York: Praeger, 1989): D. Huffman, 'Beyond Public Diplomacy', Foreign Affairs, 81 (2002), pp. 83-95; D. Lee, Middle Powers and Commercial Diplomacy: British Influence at the Kennedy Trade Round (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); J.B. Manheim, Strategic Public Diplomacy and American Foreign Policy: The Evolution of Influence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); P. Sharp, 'Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats: The People of Duluth, Minnesota, as International Actors', International Studies Perspectives, 2 (2001), pp. 131-50; H.N. Tuch, and M. Kalb Communicating with the World: US Public Diplomacy Overseas, Martin F. Herz Series on US Diplomacy (New York: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1990).
114. An indicative bibliography includes: R.J. Albright, R.S. Johnson, D.J. Rothtopf and C.B. Johnstone, US Commercial Diplomacy, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); P.S. Chasek, Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy (New York: United Nations University Press, 2001); R.G. Darst, Smokestack Diplomacy: Cooperation and Conflict in East-West Environmental Politics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001); R.S. Fortner, Public Diplomacy and International Politics: The Symbolic Constructs of Summits and International Radio News (New York: Praeger, 1994); J. Garten, R. Zoellick and J. Shinn, Riding the Tigers: American Commercial Diplomacy in Asia, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); A.C. Hansen, USIA: Public Diplomacy in the Computer Age, 2nd edn. (New York: Praeger, 1989): D. Huffman, 'Beyond Public Diplomacy', Foreign Affairs, 81 (2002), pp. 83-95; D. Lee, Middle Powers and Commercial Diplomacy: British Influence at the Kennedy Trade Round (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); J.B. Manheim, Strategic Public Diplomacy and American Foreign Policy: The Evolution of Influence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); P. Sharp, 'Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats: The People of Duluth, Minnesota, as International Actors', International Studies Perspectives, 2 (2001), pp. 131-50; H.N. Tuch, and M. Kalb Communicating with the World: US Public Diplomacy Overseas, Martin F. Herz Series on US Diplomacy (New York: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1990).
115. An indicative bibliography includes: R.J. Albright, R.S. Johnson, D.J. Rothtopf and C.B. Johnstone, US Commercial Diplomacy, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); P.S. Chasek, Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy (New York: United Nations University Press, 2001); R.G. Darst, Smokestack Diplomacy: Cooperation and Conflict in East-West Environmental Politics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001); R.S. Fortner, Public Diplomacy and International Politics: The Symbolic Constructs of Summits and International Radio News (New York: Praeger, 1994); J. Garten, R. Zoellick and J. Shinn, Riding the Tigers: American Commercial Diplomacy in Asia, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); A.C. Hansen, USIA: Public Diplomacy in the Computer Age, 2nd edn. (New York: Praeger, 1989): D. Huffman, 'Beyond Public Diplomacy', Foreign Affairs, 81 (2002), pp. 83-95; D. Lee, Middle Powers and Commercial Diplomacy: British Influence at the Kennedy Trade Round (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); J.B. Manheim, Strategic Public Diplomacy and American Foreign Policy: The Evolution of Influence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); P. Sharp, 'Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats: The People of Duluth, Minnesota, as International Actors', International Studies Perspectives, 2 (2001), pp. 131-50; H.N. Tuch, and M. Kalb Communicating with the World: US Public Diplomacy Overseas, Martin F. Herz Series on US Diplomacy (New York: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1990).
116. An indicative bibliography includes: R.J. Albright, R.S. Johnson, D.J. Rothtopf and C.B. Johnstone, US Commercial Diplomacy, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); P.S. Chasek, Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy (New York: United Nations University Press, 2001); R.G. Darst, Smokestack Diplomacy: Cooperation and Conflict in East-West Environmental Politics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001); R.S. Fortner, Public Diplomacy and International Politics: The Symbolic Constructs of Summits and International Radio News (New York: Praeger, 1994); J. Garten, R. Zoellick and J. Shinn, Riding the Tigers: American Commercial Diplomacy in Asia, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); A.C. Hansen, USIA: Public Diplomacy in the Computer Age, 2nd edn. (New York: Praeger, 1989): D. Huffman, 'Beyond Public Diplomacy', Foreign Affairs, 81 (2002), pp. 83-95; D. Lee, Middle Powers and Commercial Diplomacy: British Influence at the Kennedy Trade Round (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); J.B. Manheim, Strategic Public Diplomacy and American Foreign Policy: The Evolution of Influence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); P. Sharp, 'Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats: The People of Duluth, Minnesota, as International Actors', International Studies Perspectives, 2 (2001), pp. 131-50; H.N. Tuch, and M. Kalb Communicating with the World: US Public Diplomacy Overseas, Martin F. Herz Series on US Diplomacy (New York: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1990).
117. An indicative bibliography includes: R.J. Albright, R.S. Johnson, D.J. Rothtopf and C.B. Johnstone, US Commercial Diplomacy, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); P.S. Chasek, Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy (New York: United Nations University Press, 2001); R.G. Darst, Smokestack Diplomacy: Cooperation and Conflict in East-West Environmental Politics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001); R.S. Fortner, Public Diplomacy and International Politics: The Symbolic Constructs of Summits and International Radio News (New York: Praeger, 1994); J. Garten, R. Zoellick and J. Shinn, Riding the Tigers: American Commercial Diplomacy in Asia, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); A.C. Hansen, USIA: Public Diplomacy in the Computer Age, 2nd edn. (New York: Praeger, 1989): D. Huffman, 'Beyond Public Diplomacy', Foreign Affairs, 81 (2002), pp. 83-95; D. Lee, Middle Powers and Commercial Diplomacy: British Influence at the Kennedy Trade Round (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); J.B. Manheim, Strategic Public Diplomacy and American Foreign Policy: The Evolution of Influence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); P. Sharp, 'Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats: The People of Duluth, Minnesota, as International Actors', International Studies Perspectives, 2 (2001), pp. 131-50; H.N. Tuch, and M. Kalb Communicating with the World: US Public Diplomacy Overseas, Martin F. Herz Series on US Diplomacy (New York: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1990).
118. An indicative bibliography includes: R.J. Albright, R.S. Johnson, D.J. Rothtopf and C.B. Johnstone, US Commercial Diplomacy, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); P.S. Chasek, Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy (New York: United Nations University Press, 2001); R.G. Darst, Smokestack Diplomacy: Cooperation and Conflict in East-West Environmental Politics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001); R.S. Fortner, Public Diplomacy and International Politics: The Symbolic Constructs of Summits and International Radio News (New York: Praeger, 1994); J. Garten, R. Zoellick and J. Shinn, Riding the Tigers: American Commercial Diplomacy in Asia, Study Group Papers (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998); A.C. Hansen, USIA: Public Diplomacy in the Computer Age, 2nd edn. (New York: Praeger, 1989): D. Huffman, 'Beyond Public Diplomacy', Foreign Affairs, 81 (2002), pp. 83-95; D. Lee, Middle Powers and Commercial Diplomacy: British Influence at the Kennedy Trade Round (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999); J.B. Manheim, Strategic Public Diplomacy and American Foreign Policy: The Evolution of Influence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); P. Sharp, 'Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats: The People of Duluth, Minnesota, as International Actors', International Studies Perspectives, 2 (2001), pp. 131-50; H.N. Tuch, and M. Kalb Communicating with the World: US Public Diplomacy Overseas, Martin F. Herz Series on US Diplomacy (New York: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1990).
119. Marshall, Positive Diplomacy.
120. See Jennings and Hopkinson, Current Issues; P. Marshall and N. Ayad (eds.), The Dynamics of Diplomacy (London: Diplomatic Academy of London, 1990); Barston, Modern Diplomacy.
121. See Jennings and Hopkinson, Current Issues; P. Marshall and N. Ayad (eds.), The Dynamics of Diplomacy (London: Diplomatic Academy of London, 1990); Barston, Modern Diplomacy.
122. See Jennings and Hopkinson, Current Issues; P. Marshall and N. Ayad (eds.), The Dynamics of Diplomacy (London: Diplomatic Academy of London, 1990); Barston, Modern Diplomacy.
123. A third question, why it became so predominant and immune to criticism in the field of diplomatic studies, is also relevant but space limitations prevent a full discussion here. A serious attempt to address this question can be found in J. Der Derian, On Diplomacy: A Genealogy of Western Estrangement (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987).
124. Three notable exceptions are Der Derian, On Diplomacy; C.M. Constantinou, On the Way to Diplomacy (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), and J. Huffman, 'Reconstructing Diplomacy', British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 5 (2003), pp. 525-42.
125. Three notable exceptions are Der Derian, On Diplomacy; C.M. Constantinou, On the Way to Diplomacy (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), and J. Huffman, 'Reconstructing Diplomacy', British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 5 (2003), pp. 525-42.
126. See M.S. Anderson, The Rise of Modern Diplomacy 1450-1919 (London & New York: Longman, 1993); Berridge et al., Diplomatic Theory; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; R. Langhorne, 'The Regulation of Diplomatic Practice: The Beginnings to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961', Review of International Studies, 18 (1992), pp. 3-17; Lauren, Diplomacy; G. Mattingly, Renaissance Diplomacy (Harmondsworth: Penguin/Jonathan Cape, 1955); Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method.
127. See M.S. Anderson, The Rise of Modern Diplomacy 1450-1919 (London & New York: Longman, 1993); Berridge et al., Diplomatic Theory; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; R. Langhorne, 'The Regulation of Diplomatic Practice: The Beginnings to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961', Review of International Studies, 18 (1992), pp. 3-17; Lauren, Diplomacy; G. Mattingly, Renaissance Diplomacy (Harmondsworth: Penguin/Jonathan Cape, 1955); Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method.
128. See M.S. Anderson, The Rise of Modern Diplomacy 1450-1919 (London & New York: Longman, 1993); Berridge et al., Diplomatic Theory; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; R. Langhorne, 'The Regulation of Diplomatic Practice: The Beginnings to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961', Review of International Studies, 18 (1992), pp. 3-17; Lauren, Diplomacy; G. Mattingly, Renaissance Diplomacy (Harmondsworth: Penguin/Jonathan Cape, 1955); Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method.
129. See M.S. Anderson, The Rise of Modern Diplomacy 1450-1919 (London & New York: Longman, 1993); Berridge et al., Diplomatic Theory; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; R. Langhorne, 'The Regulation of Diplomatic Practice: The Beginnings to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961', Review of International Studies, 18 (1992), pp. 3-17; Lauren, Diplomacy; G. Mattingly, Renaissance Diplomacy (Harmondsworth: Penguin/Jonathan Cape, 1955); Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method.
130. See M.S. Anderson, The Rise of Modern Diplomacy 1450-1919 (London & New York: Longman, 1993); Berridge et al., Diplomatic Theory; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; R. Langhorne, 'The Regulation of Diplomatic Practice: The Beginnings to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961', Review of International Studies, 18 (1992), pp. 3-17; Lauren, Diplomacy; G. Mattingly, Renaissance Diplomacy (Harmondsworth: Penguin/Jonathan Cape, 1955); Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method.
131. See M.S. Anderson, The Rise of Modern Diplomacy 1450-1919 (London & New York: Longman, 1993); Berridge et al., Diplomatic Theory; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; R. Langhorne, 'The Regulation of Diplomatic Practice: The Beginnings to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961', Review of International Studies, 18 (1992), pp. 3-17; Lauren, Diplomacy; G. Mattingly, Renaissance Diplomacy (Harmondsworth: Penguin/Jonathan Cape, 1955); Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method.
132. See M.S. Anderson, The Rise of Modern Diplomacy 1450-1919 (London & New York: Longman, 1993); Berridge et al., Diplomatic Theory; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; R. Langhorne, 'The Regulation of Diplomatic Practice: The Beginnings to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961', Review of International Studies, 18 (1992), pp. 3-17; Lauren, Diplomacy; G. Mattingly, Renaissance Diplomacy (Harmondsworth: Penguin/Jonathan Cape, 1955); Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method.
133. See M.S. Anderson, The Rise of Modern Diplomacy 1450-1919 (London & New York: Longman, 1993); Berridge et al., Diplomatic Theory; Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy; R. Langhorne, 'The Regulation of Diplomatic Practice: The Beginnings to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961', Review of International Studies, 18 (1992), pp. 3-17; Lauren, Diplomacy; G. Mattingly, Renaissance Diplomacy (Harmondsworth: Penguin/Jonathan Cape, 1955); Marshall, Positive Diplomacy; Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method.
134. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method, p. 30.
135. See also Kissinger, Diplomacy.
136. Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method, p. 24.
137. Anderson, The Rise of Modern Diplomacy, pp. 2-3
138. A. Bozeman, Politics and Culture in International History: From the Ancient Near East to the Opening of the Modern Age, 2nd edn. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994). For a related study of ancient diplomacy that focuses on kinship, see C.P. Jones, Kinship Diplomacy in the Ancient World (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1999). Scholars of international economic history also reveal a role played by culture in the development of international relations. See P.D. Curtin, Cross-cultural Trade in World History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984); K. Pomeranz and S. Topik, The World That Trade Made (London: M.S.Sharp, 1999).
139. A. Bozeman, Politics and Culture in International History: From the Ancient Near East to the Opening of the Modern Age, 2nd edn. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994). For a related study of ancient diplomacy that focuses on kinship, see C.P. Jones, Kinship Diplomacy in the Ancient World (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1999). Scholars of international economic history also reveal a role played by culture in the development of international relations. See P.D. Curtin, Cross-cultural Trade in World History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984); K. Pomeranz and S. Topik, The World That Trade Made (London: M.S.Sharp, 1999).
140. A. Bozeman, Politics and Culture in International History: From the Ancient Near East to the Opening of the Modern Age, 2nd edn. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994). For a related study of ancient diplomacy that focuses on kinship, see C.P. Jones, Kinship Diplomacy in the Ancient World (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1999). Scholars of international economic history also reveal a role played by culture in the development of international relations. See P.D. Curtin, Cross-cultural Trade in World History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984); K. Pomeranz and S. Topik, The World That Trade Made (London: M.S.Sharp, 1999).
141. A. Bozeman, Politics and Culture in International History: From the Ancient Near East to the Opening of the Modern Age, 2nd edn. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994). For a related study of ancient diplomacy that focuses on kinship, see C.P. Jones, Kinship Diplomacy in the Ancient World (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1999). Scholars of international economic history also reveal a role played by culture in the development of international relations. See P.D. Curtin, Cross-cultural Trade in World History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984); K. Pomeranz and S. Topik, The World That Trade Made (London: M.S.Sharp, 1999).
142. Bozeman, Politics and Culture in International History, p. 475.
143. J Rosenberg, 'The Secret Origins of the State: The Structural Basis of raison d'état', Review of International Studies, 18 (1992), pp. 131-59.
144. Rosenberg, 'The Secret Origins of the State', p. 144.
145. Woods, A History of the Levant Company.
146. See also V.J. Puryear, International Economics and Diplomacy in the Near East: A Study of British Commercial Policy in the Levant 1834-1853 (Archon Books, 1969).
147. Platt, Finance, Trade, and Politics; Platt, The Cinderella Service; Woods, A History of the Levant Company.
148. Platt, Finance, Trade, and Politics; Platt, The Cinderella Service; Woods, A History of the Levant Company.
149. Platt, Finance, Trade, and Politics; Platt, The Cinderella Service; Woods, A History of the Levant Company.
150. Der Derian, On Diplomacy, p. 3.
151. B. Buzan, and R. Little International Systems in World History: Remaking the Study of International Relations (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 159.
152. M. Liverani, 'The Great Powers Club', in R. Cohen and R. Westbrook (eds.), Armana Diplomacy: The Beginnings of International Relations (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000). Note the exchange between Cohen and Berridge in this volume on whether the Armana constituted a diplomatic system.
153. We refer to the approach as a political economy of diplomacy because here we have concentrated on commercial linkages. However, this is not to miss the cultural bases of the economy. On which see, for example, B. Jessop and N.-L. Sum, 'Pre-disciplinary and Post-disciplinary Perspectives', New Political Economy, 6 (2001), pp. 89-101.
154. B. Jessop, State Theory: Putting the Capitalist State in its Place (Cambridge: Polity, 1990).
155. R. O'Brien, 'Labour and IPE: rediscovering human agency', in R. Palan (ed.) Global Political Economy: Contemporary Theories, RIPE Series in Global Political Economy (London: Routledge, 2000). On this point in relation to globalisation, see also C. Hay and D. Marsh (eds.), Demystifying Globalisation (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000).
156. R. O'Brien, 'Labour and IPE: rediscovering human agency', in R. Palan (ed.) Global Political Economy: Contemporary Theories, RIPE Series in Global Political Economy (London: Routledge, 2000). On this point in relation to globalisation, see also C. Hay and D. Marsh (eds.), Demystifying Globalisation (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000).
157. R. Krasner, 'International Political Economy: Abiding Discord', Review of International Political Economy, 1 (1994), pp. 13-19. And for a critical response, S. Strange, 'Wake up, Krasner! The World Has Changed', Review of International Political Economy, 1 (1994), pp. 209-19.
158. R. Krasner, 'International Political Economy: Abiding Discord', Review of International Political Economy, 1 (1994), pp. 13-19. And for a critical response, S. Strange, 'Wake up, Krasner! The World Has Changed', Review of International Political Economy, 1 (1994), pp. 209-19.
159. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
160. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
161. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
162. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
163. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
164. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
165. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
166. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
167. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
168. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
169. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
170. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
171. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
172. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
173. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).
174. There is a vast literature on state capacity in the global economy. An indicative bibliography includes S. Berger and R. Dore (eds.), National Diversity and Global Capitalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996); R Boyer and D. Drache, States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalisation (London: Routledge, 1996): P.G. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, 1990): P.G. Cerny, 'Paradoxes of the Competition State: The Dynamics of Political Globalisation', Government and Opposition, 32 (1997), pp. 251-74; I. Clark, Globalization and International Relations Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds.), Political Economy of Modern Capitalism: Mapping Convergence and Diversity (London: Sage, 1997); I. Douglas, 'Globalisation and the End of the State?', New Political Economy, 2 (1997), pp. 165-79; P. Evans, 'The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization', World Politics, 50 (1997), pp. 62-87; G. Garrett, Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); R.J. Holton, Globalisation and the Nation-State (London: Macmillan, 1998); C. May, 'States in the International Political Economy: Retreat or Transition?', Review of International Political Economy, 5 (1998), pp. 157-63; K. Ohmae, The Borderless World (London: Collins, 1990); K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (New York: Free Press, 1995); L. Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (London: Lynne Reinner, 1997); S. Strange, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); L. Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State (Cambridge: Polity, 1998).