A comparative test of the correlated evolution of flightlessness and relative brain size in birds

Journal of Zoology

Volumn 263, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 317-327

  Iwaniuk, Andrew N ^a,b,c   Nelson, John E ^b   James, Helen F ^a   Olson, Storrs L ^a  

^a DEPARTMENT OF PALEOBIOLOGY   (United States)

^b MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Birds; Brain size; Comparative method; Correlated evolution; Flightless

Indexed keywords

AVIFAUNA; BRAIN; EVOLUTION; FLIGHTLESSNESS;

AVES; PALAEOGNATHAE; PINGUINUS IMPENNIS; SPHENISCIDAE; STRIGOPS HABROPTILUS;

EID: 3142609378     PISSN: 09528369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0952836904005308     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Andors, A. V. (1992). Reappraisal of the Eocene groundbird Diatryma (Aves: Anserimorphae). In Papers in avian paleontology honoring Pierce Brodkorb: 109-126. Campbell, K. E. Jr (Ed.). Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
2. Baron, G., Stephan, H. & Frahm, H. D. (1996). Comparative neurobiology in Chimptera. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag.
3. Barton, R. A. & Harvey, P. H. (2000). Mosaic evolution of brain structure in mammals. Nature 405: 1055-1058.
4. Bennett, P. M. & Harvey, P. H. (1985). Relative brain size and ecology in birds. J. Zool. (Lond.) 207: 151-169.
5. Bennett, P. M. & Owens, I. P. F. (2002). Evolutionary ecology of birds: life histories, mating systems and evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6. Black, D. G. (1983). Encephalization of Australian lizards. Unpublished MSc thesis, Monash University, Clayton.
7. Campbell, K. E. Jr & Marcus, L. (1992). The relationship of hindlimb bone dimensions to body weight in birds. In Papers in avian paleontology honoring Pierce Brodkorb: 395-412. Campbell, K. E. Jr (Ed.). Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
8. Clutton-Brock, T. H. & Harvey, P. H. (1980). Primates, brains and ecology. J. Zool. (Lond.) 190: 309-323.
9. Deaner, R. O. & Nunn, C. L. (1999). How quickly do brains catch up with bodies? A comparative method for detecting evolutionary lag. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 266: 687-694.
10. Eisenberg, J. F. (1981). The mammalian radiations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
11. Feduccia, A. (1995). The aerodynamic model for the evolution of feathers and feather misinterpretation. Cour. Forschunginst. Senckenb. 181: 73-86.
12. Feduccia, A. (1999). The origin and evolution of birds. 2nd edn. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
13. Feduccia, A. & Tordoff, H. B. (1979). Feathers of Archaeopteryx: asymmetric vanes indicate aerodynamic function. Science 203: 1021-1022.
14. Felsenstein, J. (1985). Phylogenies and the comparative method. Am. Nat. 125: 1-15.
15. Fleischer, R. C. & McIntosh, C. E. (2001). Molecular systematics and biogeography of the Hawaiian avifauna. In Evolution, ecology, conservation, and management of Hawaiian birds: a vanishing avifauna: 51-60. Scott, J. M., Conant, S. & Van Riper III, C. (Eds). Lawrence: Cooper Ornithological Society.
16. Friesen, V. L., Baker, A. J. & Piatt, J. F. (1996). Phylogenetic relationships within the Alcidae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from total molecular evidence. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13: 359-367.
17. Garland, T. Jr, Dickerman, A. W., Janis, C. M. & Jones, J. A. (1993). Phylogenetic analysis of covariance by computer simulation. Syst. Biol. 42: 265-292.
18. Garland, T. Jr, Harvey, P. H. & Ives, A. R. (1992). Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Syst. Biol. 41: 18-32.
19. Giffin, E. B. (1995). Postcranial paleoneurology of the Diapsida. J. Zool. (Lond.) 235: 389-410.
20. Haight, J. R. & Nelson, J. E. (1987). A brain that doesn't fit its skull: a comparative study of the brain and endocranium of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Marsupialia: Phascolarctidae). In Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 331-352. Archer, M. (Ed.). Sydney: Surrey Beatty.
21. Harvey, P. H. & Pagel, M. D. (1991). The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
22. Hobson, K. A. & Montevecchi, W. A. (1991). Stable isotopic determinations of trophic relationships of great auks. Oecologia (Berl.) 87: 528-531.
23. Iwaniuk, A. N. (2003). The evolution of brain size and structure in birds. Unpublished PhD thesis, Monash University, Clayton.
24. Iwaniuk, A. N., Dean, K. M. & Nelson, J. E. (2004). A mosaic pattern characterises the evolution of the avian brain. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. (Suppl.). (In press.)
25. Iwaniuk, A. N. & Nelson, J. E. (2001). A comparative analysis of relative brain size in waterfowl (Anseriformes). Brain Behav. Evol. 57: 87-97.
26. Iwaniuk, A. N. & Nelson, J. E. (2002). Can endocranial volume be used as an estimate of brain size in birds? Can. J. Zool. 80: 16-23.
27. Iwaniuk, A. N. & Nelson, J. E. (2004). Developmental differences are correlated with relative brain size in birds: a comparative analysis. Can. J. Zool. 81: 1913-1928.
28. James, H. F. & Burney, D. A. (1997). The diet and ecology of Hawaii's extinct flightless waterfowl: evidence from coprolites. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 62: 279-297.
29. Jerison, H. J. (1973). The evolution of brain and intelligence in vertebrates. New York: Academic Press.
30. Johnson, K. P. & Sorenson, M. D. (1999). Phylogeny and biogeography of dabbling ducks (genus: Anas): a comparison of molecular and morphological evidence. Auk 116: 792-805.
31. Kennedy, M., Gray, R. D. & Spencer, H. G. (2000). The phylogenetic relationships of the shags and cormorants: can sequence data resolve a disagreement between behavior and morphology? Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 17: 345-359.
32. Kennedy, M. & Page, R. D. M. (2002). Seabird supertrees: combining partial estimates of procellariiform phylogeny. Auk 119: 88-108.
33. Kirk, E. J., Powlesland, R. G. & Cork, S. C. (1993). Anatomy of the mandibles, tongue and alimentary tract of kakapo, with some comparative information from kea and kaka. Notornis 40: 55-63.
34. Kruska, D. (1987). How fast can total brain size change in mammals? J. Hirnforsch. 28: 59-70.
35. Livezey, B. C. (1988). Morphometrics of flightlessness in the Alcinae. Auk 105: 681-698.
36. Livezey, B. C. (1989). Flightlessness in grebes (Aves, Podicipedidae): its independent evolution in three genera. Evolution 43: 29-54.
37. Livezey, B. C. (1992). Morphological corollaries and ecological implications of flightlessness in the kakapo (Psittaciformes: Strigops habroptilus). J. Morphol. 213: 105-145.
38. Livezey, B. C. (1995). Heterochrony and the evolution of avian flightlessness. In Evolutionary change and heterochrony: 169-194. McNamara, K. J. (Ed.). New York: Wiley.
39. Livezey, B. C. & Humphrey, P. S. (1986). Flightlessness in steamer-ducks (Anatidae: Tachyeres): its morphological bases and probable evolution. Evolution 40: 540-558.
40. Mace, G. M., Harvey, P. H. & Clutton-Brock, T. H. (1981). Brain size and ecology in small mammals. J. Zool. (Lond.) 193: 333-354.
41. Marchant, S. & Higgins, P. J. (1990). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds 1: Ratites to ducks. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
42. McCracken, K. G., Harshman, J., McClellan, D. A. & Afton, A. D. (1999). Data set incongruence and correlated character evolution: an example of functional convergence in the hind-limbs of stifftail diving ducks. Syst. Biol. 48: 683-714.
43. Montevecchi, W. A. & Kirk, D. A. (1997). Great auk (Pinguinus impennis). In The birds of North America: No. 260. Poole, A. & Gill, F. (Eds). Philadelphia and Washington: The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union.
44. Murray, P. F. & Megirian, D. (1998). The skull of dromornithid birds: anatomical evidence for their relationship to Anseriformes. Rec. S. A. Mus. 31: 51-97.
45. Nealen, P. M. & Ricklefs, R. E. (2001). Early diversification of the avian brain:body relationship. J. Zool. (Lond.) 253: 391-404.
46. Olson, S. L. (1973). Evolution of the rails of the South Atlantic Islands (Aves: Rallidae). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 152: 1-53.
47. Olson, S. L. (1985). The fossil record of birds. In Avian biology 8: 79-238. Farner, D. S., King, J. R. & Parkes, K. C. (Eds). London: Academic Press.
48. Olson, S. L. & James, H. F. (1991). Descriptions of thirty-two new species of birds from the Hawaiian islands. Ornithol. Monogr. 45: 1-88.
49. Olson, S. L., Swift, C. C. & Mokhiber, C. (1979). An attempt to determine the prey of the great auk (Pinguinus impennis). Auk 96: 790-792.
50. Olson, S. L. & Wetmore, A. (1976). Preliminary diagnoses of extraordinary new genera of birds from Pleistocene deposits in the Hawaiian islands. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 89: 247-257.
51. Paxinos, E. E., James, H. F., Olson, S. L., Sorenson, M. D., Jackson, J. & Fleischer, R. C. (2002). mtDNA from fossils reveals a radiation of Hawaiian geese recently derived from the Canada goose (Branta canadensis). Proc. natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99: 1399-1404.
52. Ribas, C. C. & Miyaki, C. Y. (2004). Molecular systematics in Aratinga parakeets: species limits and historical biogeography in the 'solstitialis' group, and the systematic position of Nandayus nenday. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 30: 663-675.
53. Russello, M. A. & Amato, G. (2004). A molecular phylogeny of Amazona: implications for Neotropical parrot biogeography, taxonomy, and conservation. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 30: 421-437.
54. Sibley, C. G. & Ahlquist, J. E. (1990). Phylogeny and classification of birds. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
55. Siegel-Causey, D. (1988). Phylogeny of the Phalacrocoracidae. Condor 90: 885-905.
56. Slikas, B., Olson, S. L. & Fleischer, R. C. (2002). Rapid, independent evolution of flightlessness in four species of Pacific Island rails (Rallidae): an analysis based on mitochondrial sequence data. J. avian Biol. 33: 5-14.
57. Sorenson, M. D., Cooper, A., Paxinos, E. E., Quinn, T. W., James, H. F., Olson, S. L. & Fleischer, R. C. (1999). Relationships of the extinct moa-nalos, flightless Hawaiian waterfowl, based on ancient DNA. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 266: 2187-2193.
58. Suttie, J. M. & Fennessy, P. F. (1992). Organ weight and weight relationships in takahe and pukeko. Notornis 39: 47-53.
59. Taylor, B. (1998). Rails: a guide to the miles, crakes, gallinules and coofs of the world. New Haven: Yale University Press.
60. Trewick, S. A. (1997). Sympatric flightless rails Gallirallus dieffenbachii and G. modestus on the Chatham Islands, New Zealand; morphometrics and alternative evolutionary scenarios. J. R. Soc. N. Z. 27: 451-464.
61. Trewick, S. (1996). The diet of kakapo (Strigops habroptilus), takahe (Porphyrio mantelli) and pukeko (P. porphryio melanotus) studied by faecal analysis. Notornis 43: 79-84.
62. Wang, Y. & Frost, B. J. (1992). Time to collision is signalled by neurons in the nucleus rotundus of pigeons. Nature (Lond.) 356: 236-238.
63. Wang, Y.-C., Jiang, S. & Frost, B. J. (1993). Visual processing in pigeon nucleus rotundus: luminance, color, motion, and looming subdivisions. Visual Neurosci. 10: 21-30.
64. Weisburg, S. (1980). Applied linear regression. New York: Wiley.
65. Worthy, T. H. & Holdaway, R. N. (2002). The lost world of the Moa. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
66. Wyles, J. S., Kunkel, J. G. & Wilson, A. C. (1983). Birds, behavior and anatomical evolution. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80: 4394-4397.
67. Wylie, D. R. W., Bischof, W. F. & Frost, B. J. (1998). Common reference frame for neural coding of translational and rotational optic flow. Nature (Lond.) 392: 278-282.
68. Ziswiler, V & Farner, D. S. (1972). Digestion and the digestive system. In Avian biology II: 343-430. Farner, D. S. & King, J. R. (Eds). New York: Academic Press.