Democratization through law: Perspectives from Latin America

Democratization

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 749-765

  Faundez, Julio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Constitutional justice; Judicial review; Legal reform; Legality

Indexed keywords

CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM; DEMOCRACY; LEGISLATION;

LATIN AMERICA;

EID: 31344449273     PISSN: 13510347     EISSN: 1743890X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13510340500322256     Document Type: Article

References (77)

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2. Robert Barros, Constitutionalism and Dictatorship - Pinochet, the Junta and the 1980 Constitution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
3. US Agency for International Development, Conducting a DG Assessment: A Framework for Strategy Development (Washington, DC: Centre for Democracy and Governance USAID, 2000).
4. Giovanni Sartori, 'Constitutionalism: A Preliminary Discussion', American Political Science Review, Vol.56, No.4 (1962), pp.853-4.
5. F.A. Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1960), pp.220-33.
6. Roberto Mangabeira Unger, The Critical Legal Studies Movement (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), pp.5-14.
7. E.P. Thompson, Whigs and Hunters (London: Penguin Books, 1975), pp.258-69.
8. Charles Tilly, Contention and Democracy in Europe 1650-2000 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp.1-41, 243-59.
9. Reinhard Bendix, Nation Building and Citizenship (Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1969), pp.89-126
10. T.H. Marshall, Citizenship and Social Class (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1950), pp.10-27.
11. Juan Méndez, Guillermo O'Donnell and Paulo Sergio Pinheiro (eds), The (Un)Rule of Law and Democracy in Latin America (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1998).
12. UNDP, Report on the Development of Democracy in Latin America (New York: United Nations, 2004).
13. World Bank, Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean: Breaking with History? (Washington, DC: World Bank Latin Americana and Caribbean Studies, 2003), p.1.
14. Jerry Adelman and Miguel Angel Centeno, 'Between Liberalism and Neoliberalism: Law's Dilemma in Latin America', in Yves Dezalay and Bryant G. Garth, Global Prescriptions (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2002), pp.139-61.
15. For a general history of Chile, see William F. Sater and Simon Collier, A History of Chile, 1808-1994 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996)
16. and Brian Loveman, Chile - The Legacy of Hispanic Capitalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979). For a survey of political events during the twentieth century,
17. see Federico G. Gil, The Political System of Chile (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1966)
18. and Julio Faundez, Marxism and Democracy in Chile: From 1932 to the Fall of Allende (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988).
19. Simon Collier, Chile: The Making of a Republic, 1830-1865 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
20. Harold Blakemore, 'Chile From the War of the Pacific to the World Depression, 1880-1930', in Leslie Bethell (ed.), The Cambridge History of Latin America, Volume V (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), pp.499-551
21. Maurice Zeitlin, The Civil Wars in Chile (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984).
22. Karen L. Remmer, Party Competition in Argentina and Chile - Political Recruitment and Public Policy, 1890-1930 (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1984).
23. Arnold Bauer 'Industry and the Missing Bourgeoisie: Consumption and Development in Chile, 1850-1950', Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol.70, No.2 (1990), pp.227-53.
24. Paul W. Drake, Socialism and Populism in Chile, 1932-52 (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1978).
25. Ricardo Ffrench-Davis, Las Políticas Económicas en Chile 1952-1970 (Santiago: Ediciones Nueva Universidad, 1973).
26. Atilio Borón, 'Movilización Política y Crisis Política en Chile (1920-1970)' Aportes, No.20 (1971), pp.41-69.
27. Julio Faundez, 'The Chilean Road to Socialism', The Political Quarterly, July-September (1975), pp.310-25.
28. Tom Ginsburg, Judicial Review in New Democracies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
29. Jeremy Waldron, The Core Case against Judicial Review (2005; available at ).
30. See also Jeremy Waldron, Law and Disagreement (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp.209-312.
31. Mark Tushnet, Taking the Constitution Away from the Courts (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999).
32. For a recent general critique of judicial review, See Ran Hirschl, Towards Juristocracy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004).
33. Larry D. Kramer, The People Themselves: Popular Constitutionalism and Judicial Review (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004).
34. See, for example, Gerald N. Rosenberg, The Hollow Hope - Can Courts Bring About Social Change? (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
35. See also Michael J. Klarman, From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004).
36. Aharon Barak, 'Foreword: A Judge on Judging: The Role of the Supreme Court in a Democracy', Harvard Law Review, Vol.116 (November 2002), pp.16-162
37. Mauro Cappelletti, The Judicial Process in Comparative Perspective (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989)
38. Erwin Chemerinsky, 'In Defense of Judicial Review: The Perils of Popular Constitutionalism', University of Illinois Law Review, Vol.2004, No.3, pp.673-90
39. Ronald Dworkin, Freedom's Law The Moral Reading of the Constitution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp.1-38
40. Robert B. McKay, 'Judicial Review in a Liberal Democracy', in J. Roland Pennock and John W. Chapman (eds), Nomos 25: Liberal Democracy (New York: New York University Press, 1983), pp.121-44.
41. Henry J. Abraham, The Judicial Process, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975), p.280.
42. Pilar Domingo, 'Judicialization of Politics or Politicization of the Judiciary? Recent Trends in Latin America', Democratization, Vol.11, No.1 (2004), pp.104-26.
43. César Landa, Tribunal Constitucional y Estado Democrático (Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Fondo Editorial, 1999).
44. Javier A. Couso, 'The Politics of Judicial Review in Chile in the Era of Democratic Transition, 1990-2002', Democratization, Vol.10, No.4 (2003), pp.70-91.
45. Keith S. Rosenn, 'Judicial Review in Brazil: Developments Under the 1988 Constitution', Southwestern Journal of Law and Trade in the Americas, Vol.7 (Fall 2000), pp.291-319.
46. Robert S. Barker, 'Judicial Review in Costa Rica: Evolution and Recent Developments', Southwestern Journal of Law and Trade in the Americas, Vol.7 (Fall 2000), pp.267-90
47. Bruce M. Wilson and Roger Handberg, 'From Judicial Passivity to Judicial Activism: Explaining the Change Within Costa Rica's Supreme Court', NAFTA: Law and Business Review of the Americas Vol.5 (Autumn 1999), pp.522-43
48. and Bruce M. Wilson, 'Changing Dynamics: The Political Impact of Costa Rica's Constitutional Court', in Alan Angell, Rachel Sieder and Line Schjolden (eds), The Judicialization of Politics in Latin America (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005).
49. For a critical overview of law in Colombia, see Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Mauricio García, 'Colombia: El Revés del Contrato Social de la Modernidad', in Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Mauricio Garciá (eds), El Caleidoscopio de las Justicias en Colombia (Tomo I) (Bogotá: Colciencias, 2001), pp.11-84.
50. Daniel Pécaut, 'Presente, Pasado y Futuro de la Violencia', in Jean-Michel Blanquer and Christian Gros (eds), Las Dos Colombias (Bogotá: Grupo Editorial Norma, 2002), pp.19-79.
51. UNDP (note 11), Table 29.
52. On the role of the Supreme Court before 1991, see Rodrigo Uprimny, 'Las Transformaciones de la Administración de Justicia en Colombia', in Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Mauricio García (eds), El Caleidoscopio de las Justicias en Colombia (Tomo I) (Bogotá: Colciencias, 2001), pp.261-308
53. Manuel José Cepeda-Espinosa, 'Judicial Activism in a Violent Context: The Origin, Role, and Impact of the Colombian Constitutional Court', Washington University Global Studies Review, Vol.3 (Special Issue, 2004), pp.529-697.
54. See also Mauricio García, 'La Acción de Tutela', in Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Mauricio García (eds), El Caleidoscopio de las Justicias en Colombia (Tomo I) (Bogotá: Colciencias, 2001), pp.423-54.
55. Manuel José Cepeda-Espinosa, 'Judicialization of Politics in Colombia: The Old and the New', in Angell, Sieder and Schjolden (note 34).
56. Catalina Botero, Justicia Constitucional en Iberoamérica: Colombia (available at accessed 27 July 2005).
57. Cepeda-Espinosa, 'Judicial Activism' (note 38), p.580.
58. Ibid. p.579.
59. Ibid. p.582.
60. Ibid. p.624.
61. See also Ricardo Peñaranda, 'Los Nuevos Ciudadanos: Las Organizaciones Indígenas en el Sistema Político Colombiano', in Francisco Gutiérrez et al., Degradación o Cambio, Evolución del Sistema Político Colombiano (Bogotá: Grupo Editorial Norma, 2001), pp.131-81.
62. Esther Sánchez Botero, Justicia y Pueblos Indígenas en Colombia (Bogotá: Universidad Nacional, 1998), p.328.
63. Cepeda-Espinosa, 'Judicial Activism' (note 38), p.600.
64. See also Martha I. Morgan, 'Taking Machismo to Court: The Gender Jurisprudence of the Colombian Constitutional Court', University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, Vol.30 (Summer 1998), pp.253-342.
65. Ibid. p.604.
66. Ibid. p.587.
67. Ibid. p.604.
68. Ibid. pp.580-81.
69. Rodrigo Uprimny, 'The Judicial Protection of Social Rights by the Colombian Constitutional Court: Cases and Debate' (manuscript on file with the author). It must be noted that the approach of the Constitutional Court in the area of health is not altogether different from the response of courts in South Africa;
70. see Heinz Klug, 'Five Years On: How Relevant is the Constitution to the New South Africa?', Vermont Law Review, Vol.26, No.4 (2004), pp.803-19.
71. Uprimny (note 51).
72. Cepeda-Espinosa, 'Judicial Activism' (note 38), p.644.
73. On internally displaced persons in Colombia, see Global IDP, Colombia: Government Response to IDPs Under Fire as Conflict Worsens, 27 May 2005 (available at ).
74. Uprimny (note 51).
75. Silvio Fernando Trejos Bueno, 'Declaración de la Corte Supreme de Justicia', Corte Suprema de Justicia Revista 18, October (2004), pp.81-4.
76. Mauricio García, César Rodríguez and Rodrigo Uprimny, 'Justice and Society in Colombia: A Sociological Analysis of Colombian Courts', in Lawrence Friedman and Rogelio Pérez-Perdomo (eds), Legal Culture in the Age of Globalization (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003).
77. Eduardo Pizarro Leongómez, 'La Atomización Partidista en Colombia: el fenómeno de las microempresas electorales', in Francisco Gutiérrez et al., Degradación o Cambio, Evolución del Sistema Político Colombiano (Bogotá: Grupo Editorial Norma, 2001), pp.357-401.