메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 623-642

Unpacking tourism SMMEs in South Africa: Structure, support needs and policy response

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INDUSTRIAL POLICY; SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE; TOURISM DEVELOPMENT;

EID: 31144474098     PISSN: 0376835X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03768350500364224     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (84)

References (126)
  • 1
    • 0036072672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale of hospitality firms and local economic development: Evidence from Crete
    • Andriotis, K. (2002). Scale of hospitality firms and local economic development: evidence from Crete. Tourism Management, 23, pp. 333-41.
    • (2002) Tourism Management , vol.23 , pp. 333-341
    • Andriotis, K.1
  • 2
    • 0036111898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making tourism work for the poor: Strategies and challenges in southern Africa
    • Ashley, C and Roe, D. (2002). Making tourism work for the poor: strategies and challenges in southern Africa. Development Southern Africa, 19, pp. 61-82.
    • (2002) Development Southern Africa , vol.19 , pp. 61-82
    • Ashley, C.1    Roe, D.2
  • 5
    • 0034466958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Staying within the fence': Lifestyle entrepreneurship in tourism
    • Ateljevic, I and Doorne, S. (2000). 'Staying within the fence': lifestyle entrepreneurship in tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8, pp. 378-92.
    • (2000) Journal of Sustainable Tourism , vol.8 , pp. 378-392
    • Ateljevic, I.1    Doorne, S.2
  • 6
    • 0038018617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpacking the local: A cultural analysis of tourism entrepreneurship in Murter, Croatia
    • Ateljevic, I and Doorne, S. (2003). Unpacking the local: a cultural analysis of tourism entrepreneurship in Murter, Croatia. Tourism Geographies, 5, pp. 123-50.
    • (2003) Tourism Geographies , vol.5 , pp. 123-150
    • Ateljevic, I.1    Doorne, S.2
  • 7
    • 84992785582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diseconomies of scale: A study of development constraints in small tourism firms in New Zealand
    • Ateljevic, I and Doorne, S. (2004a). Diseconomies of scale: a study of development constraints in small tourism firms in New Zealand. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 5(1), pp. 5-24.
    • (2004) Tourism and Hospitality Research , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-24
    • Ateljevic, I.1    Doorne, S.2
  • 8
    • 31144441306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural circuits of tourism: Commodities, place and re-consumption
    • Oxford: Blackwell
    • Ateljevic, I and Doorne, S. (2004b). Cultural circuits of tourism: commodities, place and re-consumption. In A companion to tourism. (pp. 291-302). Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (2004) A Companion to Tourism , pp. 291-302
    • Ateljevic, I.1    Doorne, S.2
  • 10
    • 1142281102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The perception of small and medium-sized tourism accommodation providers on the impacts of the tour operators' power in Eastern Mediterranean
    • Bastakis, C and Buhalis, D and Butler, R. (2004). The perception of small and medium-sized tourism accommodation providers on the impacts of the tour operators' power in Eastern Mediterranean. Tourism Management, 25, pp. 151-70.
    • (2004) Tourism Management , vol.25 , pp. 151-170
    • Bastakis, C.1    Buhalis, D.2    Butler, R.3
  • 12
    • 31144433029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SMEs and cooperations
    • St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Publication 46
    • Bieger, T. (2004). SMEs and cooperations. In The future of small and medium sized enterprises in tourism. (pp. 141-9). St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Publication 46.
    • (2004) The Future of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Tourism , pp. 141-149
    • Bieger, T.1
  • 13
    • 31144446481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do cooperations really pay? Contribution based on strategy process theory for the case of small and medium sized ski area companies
    • St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Publication 46
    • Bieger, T and Beritelli, P and Weinert, R. (2004). Do cooperations really pay? Contribution based on strategy process theory for the case of small and medium sized ski area companies. In The future of small and medium sized enterprises in tourism. (pp. 151-62). St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Publication 46
    • (2004) The Future of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Tourism , pp. 151-162
    • Bieger, T.1    Beritelli, P.2    Weinert, R.3
  • 14
    • 0036105158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information, communication technologies and the potential for rural tourism SMME development: The case of the Wild Coast
    • Bourgouin, F. (2002). Information, communication technologies and the potential for rural tourism SMME development: the case of the Wild Coast. Development Southern Africa, 19, pp. 191-212.
    • (2002) Development Southern Africa , vol.19 , pp. 191-212
    • Bourgouin, F.1
  • 15
    • 0020408086 scopus 로고
    • The political economy of tourism in the Third World
    • Britton, S. (1982). The political economy of tourism in the Third World. Annals of Tourism Research, 9, pp. 331-58.
    • (1982) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.9 , pp. 331-358
    • Britton, S.1
  • 17
    • 0002348131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition or co-operation? Small and medium-sized tourism enterprises at the destination
    • London: Routledge
    • Buhalis, D and Cooper, C. (1998). Competition or co-operation? Small and medium-sized tourism enterprises at the destination. In Embracing and managing change in tourism: international case studies. (pp. 324-46). London: Routledge.
    • (1998) Embracing and Managing Change in Tourism: International Case Studies , pp. 324-346
    • Buhalis, D.1    Cooper, C.2
  • 18
    • 31144464105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conference report: Entrepreneurship in tourism and the contexts of experience economy
    • Buhalis, D and Paraskevas, A. (2002). Conference report: entrepreneurship in tourism and the contexts of experience economy. In Tourism Management [pp. 427-28].
    • (2002) Tourism Management , pp. 427-428
    • Buhalis, D.1    Paraskevas, A.2
  • 19
    • 77954308304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information technology for SMEs
    • St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism, Publication
    • Buhalis, D. (2004). Information technology for SMEs. In The future of small and medium sized enterprises in tourism. (pp. 235-57). St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism, Publication.
    • (2004) The Future of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Tourism , pp. 235-257
    • Buhalis, D.1
  • 20
    • 84973182035 scopus 로고
    • Sociological research on service sector small businesses: Some conceptual considerations
    • Burrows, R and Curran, J. (1989). Sociological research on service sector small businesses: some conceptual considerations. Work, Employment and Society, 3, pp. 527-39.
    • (1989) Work, Employment and Society , vol.3 , pp. 527-539
    • Burrows, R.1    Curran, J.2
  • 21
    • 26844480992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public sector initiatives for aboriginal small business development in tourism
    • Lismore: Centre for Regional Tourism Research in partnership with Aboriginal Tourism Australia, Southern Cross University. Occasional Paper no. 6
    • Buultjens, J and Waller, I and Graham, S and Carson, D. (2002). Public sector initiatives for Aboriginal small business development in tourism. Lismore: Centre for Regional Tourism Research in partnership with Aboriginal Tourism Australia, Southern Cross University. Occasional Paper no. 6
    • (2002)
    • Buultjens, J.1    Waller, I.2    Graham, S.3    Carson, D.4
  • 22
    • 0002832644 scopus 로고
    • Life in the informal sector: Street guides in Kandy, Sri Lanka
    • Chichester: Wiley
    • Crick, M. (1992). Life in the informal sector: street guides in Kandy, Sri Lanka. In Tourism and the less developed countries. (pp. 135-47). Chichester: Wiley.
    • (1992) Tourism and the Less Developed Countries , pp. 135-147
    • Crick, M.1
  • 23
    • 10144227774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small firms embracing technology and tourism: Evidence from two nations in Central America
    • Croes, R and Tesone, D. (2005). Small firms embracing technology and tourism: evidence from two nations in Central America. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 23, pp. 557-64.
    • (2005) International Journal of Hospitality Management , vol.23 , pp. 557-564
    • Croes, R.1    Tesone, D.2
  • 25
    • 0032923662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entrepreneurs in romance: Tourism in Indonesia
    • Dahles, H and Bras, K. (1999b). Entrepreneurs in romance: tourism in Indonesia. Annals of Tourism Research, 26, pp. 267-93.
    • (1999) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.26 , pp. 267-293
    • Dahles, H.1    Bras, K.2
  • 27
    • 0031824019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism, government policy and petty entrepreneurs
    • Dahles, H. (1998). Tourism, government policy and petty entrepreneurs. South East Asian Research, 6, pp. 73-98.
    • (1998) South East Asian Research , vol.6 , pp. 73-98
    • Dahles, H.1
  • 28
    • 11144288804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism, small enterprises and community development
    • London: Routledge
    • Dahles, H. (2000). Tourism, small enterprises and community development. In Tourism and sustainable community development. (pp. 154-69). London: Routledge.
    • (2000) Tourism and Sustainable Community Development , pp. 154-169
    • Dahles, H.1
  • 30
    • 30844465691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) Pretoria: DEAT
    • Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT). (2003). Tourism: 10 year review. Pretoria: DEAT.
    • (2003) Tourism: 10 Year Review
  • 31
    • 31144458732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) Pretoria : DEAT
    • Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT). (2004). 10 year review. Pretoria: DEAT.
    • (2004) 10 Year Review
  • 32
    • 31144448825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) Pretoria: DEAT
    • Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT). (2005a). Tourism BEE charter and scorecard. Pretoria: DEAT.
    • (2005) Tourism BEE Charter and Scorecard
  • 33
    • 31144448825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT). Pretoria: DEAT
    • Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT). (2005b). Tourism BEE charter and scorecard: a user's guide. Pretoria: DEAT.
    • (2005) Tourism BEE Charter and Scorecard: A User's Guide
  • 34
    • 31144444922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). Pretoria: Enterprise Development Unit, DTI
    • Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). (2004). Annual review of small business in South Africa - 2003. Pretoria: Enterprise Development Unit, DTI.
    • (2004) Annual Review of Small Business in South Africa - 2003
  • 35
    • 31144466467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). Pretoria: Trade and Investment South Africa for DTI
    • Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). (2005). Tourism sector development strategy. Pretoria: Trade and Investment South Africa for DTI.
    • (2005) Tourism Sector Development Strategy
  • 36
    • 84937269512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanesians as observers, entrepreneurs and administrators of tourism
    • Douglas, N. (1997). Melanesians as observers, entrepreneurs and administrators of tourism. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 6, pp. 85-92.
    • (1997) Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , vol.6 , pp. 85-92
    • Douglas, N.1
  • 37
    • 31144437525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SMEs in regional development
    • St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism, Publication
    • Erkkila, D. (2004). SMEs in regional development. In The future of small and medium sized enterprises in tourism. (pp. 23-34). St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism, Publication.
    • (2004) The Future of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Tourism , pp. 23-34
    • Erkkila, D.1
  • 38
    • 26844451009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecotourism and indigenous micro-enterprise formation in northern Australia: Opportunities and constraints
    • Fuller, D and Buultjens, J and Cummings, E. (2005). Ecotourism and indigenous micro-enterprise formation in northern Australia: Opportunities and constraints. Tourism Management, 26, pp. 891-904.
    • (2005) Tourism Management , vol.26 , pp. 891-904
    • Fuller, D.1    Buultjens, J.2    Cummings, E.3
  • 39
    • 0005898248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small scale enterprises in the tourism industry in Ghana's Central region
    • London: Routledge
    • Gartner, W. (1999). Small scale enterprises in the tourism industry in Ghana's Central region. In Contemporary issues in tourism development. (pp. 158-75). London: Routledge.
    • (1999) Contemporary Issues in Tourism Development , pp. 158-175
    • Gartner, W.1
  • 40
    • 84905625055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting small firms in tourism: A Ghanaian perspective
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Gartner, W. (2004). Factors affecting small firms in tourism: a Ghanaian perspective. In Small firms in tourism: international perspectives. (pp. 35-51). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2004) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives , pp. 35-51
    • Gartner, W.1
  • 41
    • 14544269869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family business in tourism: State of the art
    • Getz, D and Carlsen, J. (2005). Family business in tourism: state of the art. Annals of Tourism Research, 32, pp. 237-58.
    • (2005) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.32 , pp. 237-258
    • Getz, D.1    Carlsen, J.2
  • 42
    • 0942288983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of family businesses to extreme seasonality in demand: The case of Bornholm, Denmark
    • Getz, D and Nilsson, P. (2004). Responses of family businesses to extreme seasonality in demand: the case of Bornholm, Denmark. Tourism Management, 25, pp. 17-30.
    • (2004) Tourism Management , vol.25 , pp. 17-30
    • Getz, D.1    Nilsson, P.2
  • 43
    • 17644386856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and profit-oriented entrepreneurship among family business owners in the tourism and hospitality industry
    • Getz, D and Petersen, T. (2005). Growth and profit-oriented entrepreneurship among family business owners in the tourism and hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24, pp. 219-242.
    • (2005) International Journal of Hospitality Management , vol.24 , pp. 219-242
    • Getz, D.1    Petersen, T.2
  • 44
    • 84905606725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risky lifestyles? Entrepreneurial characteristics of the New Zealand bed and breakfast sector
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Hall, C and Rusher, K. (2004). Risky lifestyles? Entrepreneurial characteristics of the New Zealand bed and breakfast sector. In Small firms in tourism: international perspectives. (pp. 83-98). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2004) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives , pp. 83-98
    • Hall, C.1    Rusher, K.2
  • 45
    • 84905606979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small firms and wine and food tourism in New Zealand: Issues of collaboration, clusters and lifestyles
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Hall, C. (2004). Small firms and wine and food tourism in New Zealand: Issues of collaboration, clusters and lifestyles. In Small firms in tourism: international perspectives. (pp. 167-81). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2004) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives , pp. 167-181
    • Hall, C.1
  • 46
    • 4644287957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sustainable innovation design diamond for micro-sized enterprises in tourism
    • Hallenga-Brink, S and Brezet, J. (2005). The sustainable innovation design diamond for micro-sized enterprises in tourism. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13, pp. 141-49.
    • (2005) Journal of Cleaner Production , vol.13 , pp. 141-149
    • Hallenga-Brink, S.1    Brezet, J.2
  • 47
    • 0032123078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Backpacker tourism and economic development
    • Hampton, M. (1998). Backpacker tourism and economic development. Annals of Tourism Research, 25, pp. 639-60.
    • (1998) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.25 , pp. 639-660
    • Hampton, M.1
  • 48
    • 3943097843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entry points for local tourism in developing countries: Evidence from Yogyakarta, Indonesia
    • Hampton, M. (2003). Entry points for local tourism in developing countries: evidence from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Geografiska Annaler, 85B, pp. 85-101.
    • (2003) Geografiska Annaler , vol.85 B , pp. 85-101
    • Hampton, M.1
  • 49
    • 0006162136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of small-scale tourism in Malaysia: Problems, opportunities and implications for sustainability
    • Wallingford: CAB International
    • Hamzah, A. (1997). The evolution of small-scale tourism in Malaysia: Problems, opportunities and implications for sustainability. In Tourism and sustainability: principles to practice. (pp. 199-217). Wallingford: CAB International.
    • (1997) Tourism and Sustainability: Principles to Practice , pp. 199-217
    • Hamzah, A.1
  • 50
    • 0347530226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism 'non-entrepreneurship' in peripheral destinations: A case study of small and medium tourism enterprises on Bornholm, Denmark
    • Ioannides, D. (2003). Tourism 'non-entrepreneurship' in peripheral destinations: a case study of small and medium tourism enterprises on Bornholm, Denmark. Tourism Geographies, 5, pp. 408-35.
    • (2003) Tourism Geographies , vol.5 , pp. 408-435
    • Ioannides, D.1
  • 51
    • 31144442070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of small and medium tourism enterprises to regional economic development: A comparison between two German national park regions
    • St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Publication 46
    • Job, H and Metzler, D and Muller, M and Mater, M. (2004). The contribution of small and medium tourism enterprises to regional economic development: a comparison between two German national park regions. In The future of small and medium sized enterprises in tourism. (pp. 55-75). St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Publication 46
    • (2004) The Future of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Tourism , pp. 55-75
    • Job, H.1    Metzler, D.2    Muller, M.3    Mater, M.4
  • 52
    • 3943057609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skills development in tourism: South Africa's tourism-led development strategy
    • Kaplan, L. (2004). Skills development in tourism: South Africa's tourism-led development strategy. GeoJournal, 60, pp. 217-27.
    • (2004) GeoJournal , vol.60 , pp. 217-227
    • Kaplan, L.1
  • 53
    • 84905631821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of community and small businesses in rural New Zealand
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Keen, D.(2004) The interaction of community and small businesses in rural New Zealand. In Small firms in tourism: International perspectives. (pp. 139-51). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2004) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives , pp. 139-151
    • Keen, D.1
  • 55
    • 0036115752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism, business linkages and small enterprise development in South Africa
    • Kirsten, M and Rogerson, C. (2002). Tourism, business linkages and small enterprise development in South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 19, pp. 29-59.
    • (2002) Development Southern Africa , vol.19 , pp. 29-59
    • Kirsten, M.1    Rogerson, C.2
  • 56
    • 3142690442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entrepreneurship and sustainable tourism: The houseboats of Kerala
    • Kokkranikal, J and Morrison, A. (2002). Entrepreneurship and sustainable tourism: the houseboats of Kerala. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4(1).
    • (2002) Tourism and Hospitality Research , vol.4 , Issue.1
    • Kokkranikal, J.1    Morrison, A.2
  • 57
    • 31144455041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commitment to cooperation: A key to effective networking in the tourism industry
    • St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Publication 46
    • Komppula, R. (2004a). Commitment to cooperation: a key to effective networking in the tourism industry. In The future of small and medium sized enterprises in tourism. (pp. 163-78). St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Publication 46
    • (2004) The Future of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Tourism , pp. 163-178
    • Komppula, R.1
  • 58
    • 84905631104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Success and growth in rural tourism micro-businesses in Finland: Financial or lifestyle objectives
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Komppula, R. (2004b). Success and growth in rural tourism micro-businesses in Finland: financial or lifestyle objectives. In Small firms in tourism: international perspectives. (pp. 115-38). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2004) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives , pp. 115-138
    • Komppula, R.1
  • 59
    • 31144468655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems in developing tourism entrepreneurship in a rural region: A case study
    • Newcastle and Sheffield: Centre for Travel and Tourism, University of Northumbia and Sheffield Hallam University
    • Lassila, H. (2000). Problems in developing tourism entrepreneurship in a rural region: a case study. In Developments in urban and rural tourism. (pp. 179-90). Newcastle and Sheffield: Centre for Travel and Tourism, University of Northumbia and Sheffield Hallam University.
    • (2000) Developments in Urban and Rural Tourism , pp. 179-190
    • Lassila, H.1
  • 60
    • 20344387071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HRM in tourism and hospitality: International perspectives on small to medium-sized enterprises
    • New York: Cassell
    • Lee-Ross, D. (1999). HRM in tourism and hospitality: international perspectives on small to medium-sized enterprises. New York: Cassell.
    • (1999)
    • Lee-Ross, D.1
  • 61
    • 14344277802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance factors of small tourism ventures: The interface of tourism, entrepreneurship and the environment
    • Lerner, M and Haber, S. (2001). Performance factors of small tourism ventures: the interface of tourism, entrepreneurship and the environment. Journal of Business Venturing, 16, pp. 77-100.
    • (2001) Journal of Business Venturing , vol.16 , pp. 77-100
    • Lerner, M.1    Haber, S.2
  • 62
    • 11044231609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The entrepreneurship factor in sustainable tourism development
    • Lordkipanidze, M and Brezet, H and Backman, M. (2005). The entrepreneurship factor in sustainable tourism development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13, pp. 787-98.
    • (2005) Journal of Cleaner Production , vol.13 , pp. 787-798
    • Lordkipanidze, M.1    Brezet, H.2    Backman, M.3
  • 63
    • 0033812405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Networking in the homestay sector
    • Lynch, P. (2000). Networking in the homestay sector. The Service Industries Journal, 20(3), pp. 95-106.
    • (2000) The Service Industries Journal , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 95-106
    • Lynch, P.1
  • 65
    • 84905621763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small tourism firms in e-Europe: Definitional, conceptual and contextual considerations
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Matlay, H. (2004). Small tourism firms in e-Europe: definitional, conceptual and contextual considerations. In Small firms in tourism: international perspectives. (pp. 297-312). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2004) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives , pp. 297-312
    • Matlay, H.1
  • 68
    • 84905597736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small firm performance in the context of agent and structure: A cross-cultural comparison in the tourist accommodation sector
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Morrison, A and Teixeira, R. (2004b). Small firm performance in the context of agent and structure: a cross-cultural comparison in the tourist accommodation sector. In Small firms in tourism: International perspectives. (pp. 239-55). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2004) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives , pp. 239-255
    • Morrison, A.1    Teixeira, R.2
  • 70
    • 31144473780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rural small enterprise development in the Eastern Cape: The constraints and development issues of forest-products and tourism SMMEs in the Wild Coast Corridor
    • Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand. Unpublished PhD dissertation
    • Ndabeni, L. (2005). Rural small enterprise development in the Eastern Cape: the constraints and development issues of forest-products and tourism SMMEs in the Wild Coast Corridor. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand. Unpublished PhD dissertation
    • (2005)
    • Ndabeni, L.1
  • 71
    • 31144457643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing small firms in township tourism: Emerging tour operators in Gauteng, South Africa
    • Nemasetoni, I and Rogerson, C. (2005). Developing small firms in township tourism: emerging tour operators in Gauteng, South Africa. Urban Forum, 16, pp. 196-203.
    • (2005) Urban Forum , vol.16 , pp. 196-203
    • Nemasetoni, I.1    Rogerson, C.2
  • 72
    • 31144437266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of tourism towards the development of black-owned small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) in post-apartheid South Africa: An evaluation of tour operators
    • Johannesburg : University of the Witwatersrand. Unpublished MA Research Report
    • Nemasetoni, I. (2005). Contribution of tourism towards the development of black-owned small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) in post-apartheid South Africa: an evaluation of tour operators. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand. Unpublished MA Research Report
    • (2005)
    • Nemasetoni, I.1
  • 73
    • 2542463256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bed and breakfast market of Buffalo City (BC), South Africa: Present status, constraints and success factors
    • Nuntsu, N and Tassiopoulos, D and Haydam, N. (2004). The bed and breakfast market of Buffalo City (BC), South Africa: present status, constraints and success factors. Tourism Management, 25, pp. 515-22.
    • (2004) Tourism Management , vol.25 , pp. 515-522
    • Nuntsu, N.1    Tassiopoulos, D.2    Haydam, N.3
  • 74
    • 16544384604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism policy, tourism organisations, and change management in Alpine regions and destinations: A European perspective
    • Pechlaner, H and Tschurtschenthaler, P. (2003). Tourism policy, tourism organisations, and change management in Alpine regions and destinations: a European perspective. Current Issues in Tourism, 6, pp. 508-39.
    • (2003) Current Issues in Tourism , vol.6 , pp. 508-539
    • Pechlaner, H.1    Tschurtschenthaler, P.2
  • 75
    • 31144448583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paper presented at the Conference on Sustainable Development and Management of Ecotourism in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and other islands MaheSeychelles 8 - 10 December. In Ecotourism, yachting and local entrepreneurs: The case study of the British Virgin Islands
    • Petrovic, C and O'neal, E. (2001). Paper presented at the Conference on Sustainable Development and Management of Ecotourism in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and other islands MaheSeychelles 8 - 10 December. In Ecotourism, yachting and local entrepreneurs: the case study of the British Virgin Islands. [pp.].
    • (2001)
    • Petrovic, C.1    O'neal, E.2
  • 76
    • 84862083530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro-Poor Tourism Pilots in Southern Africa
    • Pro-Poor Tourism in Practice. Accessed 20 April 2005 www.pptpilot.org.za
    • Pro-Poor Tourism in Practice. (2005) Pro-Poor Tourism Pilots in Southern Africa. Available at: www.pptpilot.org.za. Accessed 20 April 2005.
    • (2005)
  • 77
    • 20544446074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three sector comparison of the business performance of small tourism enterprises: An exploratory study
    • Reichel, A and Haber, S. (2005). A three sector comparison of the business performance of small tourism enterprises: an exploratory study. Tourism Management, 26, pp. 681-690.
    • (2005) Tourism Management , vol.26 , pp. 681-690
    • Reichel, A.1    Haber, S.2
  • 78
    • 0004111927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White Paper on the Development and Promotion of Tourism in South Africa
    • Republic of South Africa (RSA). Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism
    • Republic of South Africa (RSA). (1996). White Paper on the Development and Promotion of Tourism in South Africa. Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism.
    • (1996)
  • 79
    • 0019094110 scopus 로고
    • The effects of scale in economic development: Tourism in Bali
    • Rodenburg, E. (1980) The effects of scale in economic development: tourism in Bali Annals of Tourism Research, 7, pp. 177-96.
    • (1980) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.7 , pp. 177-196
    • Rodenburg, E.1
  • 80
    • 3943097867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism and development issues in contemporary South Africa
    • Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa
    • Rogerson, CM and Visser, G. (2004). Tourism and development issues in contemporary South Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa.
    • (2004)
    • Rogerson, C.M.1    Visser, G.2
  • 81
    • 12144268618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of the South African Government's SMME programmes: A ten year review (1994 - 2003)
    • Rogerson, C. (2004a). The impact of the South African Government's SMME programmes: a ten year review (1994 - 2003). Development Southern Africa, 21, pp. 765-84.
    • (2004) Development Southern Africa , vol.21 , pp. 765-784
    • Rogerson, C.1
  • 82
    • 31144437765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black economic empowerment in South African tourism
    • Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa
    • Rogerson, C. (2004b). Black economic empowerment in South African tourism. In Tourism and development issues in contemporary South Africa. (pp. 321-34). Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa.
    • (2004) Tourism and Development Issues in Contemporary South Africa , pp. 321-334
    • Rogerson, C.1
  • 83
    • 84905599728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism, small firm development and empowerment in post-apartheid South Africa
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Rogerson, C. (2004c). Tourism, small firm development and empowerment in post-apartheid South Africa. In Small firms in tourism: international perspectives. (pp. 13-33). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2004) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives , pp. 13-33
    • Rogerson, C.1
  • 84
    • 3943065104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming the South African tourism industry: The emerging black-owned bed and breakfast economy
    • Rogerson, C. (2004d). Transforming the South African tourism industry: the emerging black-owned bed and breakfast economy. GeoJournal, 60, pp. 273-81.
    • (2004) GeoJournal , vol.60 , pp. 273-281
    • Rogerson, C.1
  • 85
    • 3943101919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financing tourism SMMEs in South Africa: A supply-side analysis
    • Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa
    • Rogerson, C. (2004e). Financing tourism SMMEs in South Africa: a supply-side analysis. In Tourism and development issues in contemporary South Africa. (pp. 222-67). Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa.
    • (2004) Tourism and Development Issues in Contemporary South Africa , pp. 222-267
    • Rogerson, C.1
  • 86
    • 84868893635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supporting tourism SMMEs in peripheral areas: The case of Free State Province
    • not yet published
    • Rogerson, C. (2005). Supporting tourism SMMEs in peripheral areas: the case of Free State Province Acta Academica. not yet published
    • (2005) Acta Academica
    • Rogerson, C.1
  • 89
    • 31144476672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whale watching: The roles of small firms in the evolution of a new Australian niche market
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Scott, N and Laws, E.(2004). Whale watching: the roles of small firms in the evolution of a new Australian niche market. In Small firms in tourism: international perspectives. (pp. 153-66). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2004) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives , pp. 153-166
    • Scott, N.1    Laws, E.2
  • 90
    • 0042727375 scopus 로고
    • Guest farms in Namibia: An emerging accommodation sector in Africa's hottest destination
    • Shackley, M. (1993). Guest farms in Namibia: an emerging accommodation sector in Africa's hottest destination. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 12, pp. 253-65.
    • (1993) International Journal of Hospitality Management , vol.12 , pp. 253-265
    • Shackley, M.1
  • 91
    • 0002778826 scopus 로고
    • Tourism, economic development and the role of entrepreneurial activity
    • London: Belhaven
    • Shaw, G and Williams, A. (1990). Tourism, economic development and the role of entrepreneurial activity. In Progress in tourism: recreation and hospitality management. (pp. 67-81). London: Belhaven.
    • (1990) Progress in Tourism: Recreation and Hospitality Management , pp. 67-81
    • Shaw, G.1    Williams, A.2
  • 92
    • 84905615344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From lifestyle consumption to lifestyle production: Changing patterns of tourism entrepreneurship
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Shaw, G and Williams, A. (2004). From lifestyle consumption to lifestyle production: Changing patterns of tourism entrepreneurship. In Small firms in tourism: international perspectives. (pp. 99-113). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2004) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives , pp. 99-113
    • Shaw, G.1    Williams, A.2
  • 93
    • 84883487365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entrepreneurial cultures and small business enterprises in tourism
    • Oxford: Blackwell
    • Shaw, G. (2004). Entrepreneurial cultures and small business enterprises in tourism. In A Companion to Tourism. (pp. 122-134). Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (2004) A Companion to Tourism , pp. 122-134
    • Shaw, G.1
  • 94
    • 0031705629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of globalization on small and medium enterprises: New challenges for tourism policies in European countries
    • Smeral, E. (1998). The impact of globalization on small and medium enterprises: new challenges for tourism policies in European countries Tourism Management, 19, pp. 371-80.
    • (1998) Tourism Management , vol.19 , pp. 371-380
    • Smeral, E.1
  • 96
    • 31144467489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic partnerships as a key competitive factor for SMEs: Case study of Croatia's small family hotels
    • St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Publication 46
    • Telisman-Kosuta, N and Ivandic, N. (2004). Strategic partnerships as a key competitive factor for SMEs: case study of Croatia's small family hotels. In The future of small and medium sized enterprises in tourism. (pp. 219-33). St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Publication 46
    • (2004) The Future of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Tourism , pp. 219-233
    • Telisman-Kosuta, N.1    Ivandic, N.2
  • 97
    • 0007397947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to the study of small tourism and hospitality firms
    • London: Cassell
    • Thomas, R. (1998). An introduction to the study of small tourism and hospitality firms. In The management of small tourism and hospitality firms. (pp. 1-16). London: Cassell.
    • (1998) The Management of Small Tourism and Hospitality Firms , pp. 1-16
    • Thomas, R.1
  • 98
    • 0012993956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small firms in the tourism industry: Some conceptual issues
    • Thomas, R. (2000). Small firms in the tourism industry: some conceptual issues. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2, pp. 345-53.
    • (2000) International Journal of Tourism Research , vol.2 , pp. 345-353
    • Thomas, R.1
  • 99
    • 84905602897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International perspectives on small firms in tourism: A synthesis
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Thomas, R. (2004a). International perspectives on small firms in tourism: a synthesis. In Small firms in tourism: international perspectives. (pp. 1-12). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2004) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives , pp. 1-12
    • Thomas, R.1
  • 101
    • 31144455040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Second economy' paths into South African tourism business
    • Cape Town: Centre for Tourism Research in Africa, Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Research Report 1
    • Thomas, W. (2005). 'Second economy' paths into South African tourism business. Cape Town: Centre for Tourism Research in Africa, Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Research Report 1
    • (2005)
    • Thomas, W.1
  • 102
    • 0030860801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selling to tourists: Indonesian street vendors
    • Timothy, D and Wall, G. (1997). Selling to tourists: Indonesian street vendors Annals of Tourism Research, 24, pp. 322-40.
    • (1997) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.24 , pp. 322-340
    • Timothy, D.1    Wall, G.2
  • 104
    • 16244363337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stages in the emergence of a participatory tourism development approach in the developing world
    • Tosun, C. (2005). Stages in the emergence of a participatory tourism development approach in the developing world. Geoforum, 36, pp. 333-52.
    • (2005) Geoforum , vol.36 , pp. 333-352
    • Tosun, C.1
  • 107
    • 31144479554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism Enterprise Programme (TEP). Unpublished paper presented at the SMME Workshop Tourism Indaba Durban6 May. Accessed 1 June 2005 www.southafrica.net
    • Tourism Enterprise Programme (TEP). (2005a). Unpublished paper presented at the SMME Workshop, Tourism Indaba Durban6 May. In Tourism enterprise programme: partnering SMMEs in development. [pp.] Available at: www.southafrica.net. Accessed 1 June 2005
    • (2005) Tourism Enterprise Programme: Partnering SMMEs in Development
  • 108
    • 31144474245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism Enterprise Programme (TEP). Unpublished paper presented at the SMME Workshop, Tourism Indaba Durban6 May. Accessed 1 June 2005 www.southafrica.net
    • Tourism Enterprise Programme (TEP). (2005b). Unpublished paper presented at the SMME Workshop, Tourism Indaba Durban6 May. In TEP tourism SMME training programme: a DEAT-funded initiative. [pp.]. Available at: www.southafrica.net. Accessed 1 June 2005
    • (2005) TEP Tourism SMME Training Programme: A DEAT-funded Initiative
  • 109
    • 31144435040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statement by the Office of Marthinus van Schalkwyk at launch of Tourism BEE Charter
    • Accessed 18 May 2005 www.deat.gov.za
    • Van Schalkwyk, M. (2005a). Statement by the Office of Marthinus van Schalkwyk at launch of Tourism BEE Charter. Available at: www.deat.gov.za. Accessed 18 May 2005.
    • (2005)
    • Van Schalkwyk, M.1
  • 110
    • 31144469583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opening address at the Annual Tourism Indaba, 7 May
    • Accessed 18 May 2005 www.southafrica.net
    • Van Schalkwyk, M. (2005b). Opening address at the Annual Tourism Indaba, 7 May. Available at: www.southafrica.net. Accessed 18 May 2005.
    • (2005)
    • Van Schalkwyk, M.1
  • 111
    • 84904778045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SMEs and tourism policy
    • St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Publication 46
    • Vanhove, N. (2004). SMEs and tourism policy. In The future of small and medium sized enterprises in tourism. (pp. 109-24). St Gallen: International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Publication 46
    • (2004) The Future of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Tourism , pp. 109-124
    • Vanhove, N.1
  • 112
    • 31144472299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Backpacker tourism in South Africa: Its role in an uneven tourism space economy
    • Visser, G and Barker, C. (2004). Backpacker tourism in South Africa: its role in an uneven tourism space economy. Acta Academica, 36, pp. 97-143.
    • (2004) Acta Academica , vol.36 , pp. 97-143
    • Visser, G.1    Barker, C.2
  • 114
    • 3943097438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Researching the South African tourism and development nexus
    • Visser, G and Rogerson, C. (2004). Researching the South African tourism and development nexus. GeoJournal, 60, pp. 201-15.
    • (2004) GeoJournal , vol.60 , pp. 201-215
    • Visser, G.1    Rogerson, C.2
  • 115
    • 0010770469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guest houses: New option for tourists in the Western Cape Winelands
    • Visser, G and Van Huyssteen, K. (1997). Guest houses: new option for tourists in the Western Cape Winelands. Acta Academica, 29, pp. 106-37.
    • (1997) Acta Academica , vol.29 , pp. 106-137
    • Visser, G.1    Van Huyssteen, K.2
  • 116
    • 0000726135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guest houses: The emergence of a new tourist accommodation type in the South African tourism industry
    • Visser, G and Van Huyssteen, K. (1999). Guest houses: the emergence of a new tourist accommodation type in the South African tourism industry. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1(2), pp. 155-75.
    • (1999) Tourism and Hospitality Research , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-175
    • Visser, G.1    Van Huyssteen, K.2
  • 117
    • 3943095433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The developmental impacts of backpacker tourism in South Africa
    • Visser, G. (2004). The developmental impacts of backpacker tourism in South Africa. GeoJournal, 60, pp. 283-99.
    • (2004) GeoJournal , vol.60 , pp. 283-299
    • Visser, G.1
  • 118
    • 0020468554 scopus 로고
    • Formal and informal tourism sectors: A case study of Pattaya, Thailand
    • Wahnschafft, R. (1982). Formal and informal tourism sectors: a case study of Pattaya, Thailand. Annals of Tourism Research, 9, pp. 429-51.
    • (1982) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.9 , pp. 429-451
    • Wahnschafft, R.1
  • 119
    • 0033988153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small and medium tourism enterprises
    • Wanhill, S. (2000). Small and medium tourism enterprises. Annals of Tourism Research, 27, pp. 148-63.
    • (2000) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.27 , pp. 148-163
    • Wanhill, S.1
  • 120
    • 84905626869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Government assistance for tourism SMEs: From theory to practice
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Wanhill, S. (2004). Government assistance for tourism SMEs: from theory to practice. In Small firms in tourism: international perspectives. (pp. 53-70). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2004) Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives , pp. 53-70
    • Wanhill, S.1
  • 122
    • 0024784743 scopus 로고
    • From tourist to tourism entrepreneur, from consumption to production: Evidence from Cornwall, England
    • Williams, A and Shaw, G and Greenwood, J. (1989). From tourist to tourism entrepreneur, from consumption to production: evidence from Cornwall, England. Environment and Planning A, 21, pp. 1639-53.
    • (1989) Environment and Planning A , vol.21 , pp. 1639-1653
    • Williams, A.1    Shaw, G.2    Greenwood, J.3
  • 124
    • 3943056643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • South Africa: The impact of travel and tourism on jobs and the economy
    • World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). London: WTTC
    • World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). (2002). South Africa: the impact of travel and tourism on jobs and the economy. London: WTTC.
    • (2002)
  • 126
    • 31144459950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism, poverty alleviation and microcredit: A first glance
    • Accessed 12 January 2005 www.uncdf.org
    • Yunis, E. (2004). Tourism, poverty alleviation and microcredit: a first glance. Available at: www.uncdf.org. Accessed 12 January 2005
    • (2004)
    • Yunis, E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.