To DGC or not to DGC: Oxygen guarding in the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis (Isoptera: Termopsidae)

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 208, Issue 24, 2005, Pages 4671-4678

  Lighton, John R B ^a   Ottesen, Elizabeth A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^b California Institute of Technology HHMI   (United States)

Author keywords

Oxygen; Spiracle; Symbiont; Termite; Trachea; Zootermopsis nevadensis

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; OXYGEN;

ADAPTATION; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BODY WEIGHT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ISOPTERA; LUNG GAS EXCHANGE; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESSURE; UNITED STATES;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; BODY WEIGHT; CALIFORNIA; CARBON DIOXIDE; ISOPTERA; OXYGEN; PARTIAL PRESSURE; RESPIRATORY TRANSPORT;

HEXAPODA; INSECTA; ISOPTERA; TERMOPSIDAE; ZOOTERMOPSIS NEVADENSIS;

EID: 31044441704     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01934     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Brune, A., Emerson, D. and Breznak, J. A. (1995). The termite gut microflora as an oxygen sink: microelectrode determination of oxygen and pH gradients in guts of lower and higher termites. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 2681-2687.
2. Chown, S. L. and Holter, P. (2000). Discontinuous gas exchange cycles in Aphodius fossor (Scarabaeidae): a test of hypotheses concerning origins and mechanisms. J. Exp. Biol. 203, 397-403.
3. Chown, S. L. and Nicolson, S. W. (2004). Insect Physiological Ecology: Mechanisms and Patterns. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. Chown, S. L., Gibbs, A. G., Hetz, S. K., Klok, C. J., Lighton, J. R. B. and Marais, E. (2005). Discontinuous gas exchange in insects: a clarification of hypotheses and approaches. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 5, 345-349.
5. Cleveland, L. R. (1924). The physiological and symbiotic relationships between the intestinal protozoa of termites and their host, with special reference to Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar. Biol. Bull. 48, 289-293.
6. Cleveland, L. R. (1925). The effects of oxygenation and starvation on the symbiosis between the termites, Termopsis, and its intestinal flagellates. Biol. Bull. 48, 309-326.
7. Fooks, L. J. and Gibson, G. R. (2002). In vitro investigations of the effect of probiotics and prebiotics on selected human intestinal pathogens. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 39, 67-75.
8. Gibbs, A. G., Fukuzato, F. and Matzkin, L. M. (2003). Evolution of water conservation mechanisms in Drosophila. J. Exp. Biol. 206, 1183-1192.
9. 2-acetogenic spirochete from termite hindguts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70, 1307-1314.
10. Guarner, F. and Malagelada, J.-R. (2003). Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet 36, 512-519.
11. Hadley, N. F. and Quinlan, M. C. (1993). Discontinuous carbon dioxide release in the eastern lubber grasshopper Romalea guttata and its effect on respiratory transpiration. J. Exp. Biol. 177, 169-180.
12. Hetz, S. K. and Bradley, T. J. (2005). Insects breathe discontinuously to avoid oxygen toxicity. Nature 433, 516-519.
13. Hooper, L. V. and Gordon, J. I. (2001). Commensal host-bacterial relationships in the gut. Science 292, 1115-1118.
14. Kestler, P. (1985). Respiration and respiratory loss. In Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry of Insects (ed. K. H. Hoffmann), pp. 137-186. Berlin: Springer.
15. Klok, C. J. and Chown, S. L. (2005). Temperature- and body mass-related variation in cyclic gas exchange characteristics and metabolic rate of seven weevil species: broader implications. J. Insect Physiol. 51, 789-801.
16. Klok, C. J, Mercer, R. D. and Chown, S. L. (2002). Discontinuous gas-exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods. J. Exp. Biol. 205, 1019-1029.
17. Lighton, J. R. B. (1988). Simultaneous measurement of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide emission during discontinuous ventilation in the tok-tok beetle, Psammodes striatus. J. Insect Physiol. 34, 361-367.
18. Lighton, J. R. B. (1990). Slow discontinuous ventilation in the Namib dune-sea ant, Camponotus detritus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). J. Exp. Biol. 151, 71-82.
19. Lighton, J. R. B. (1996). Discontinuous gas exchange in insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 41, 309-324.
20. Lighton, J. R. B. (1998). Notes from underground: towards ultimate hypotheses of cyclic, discontinuous gas-exchange in tracheate arthropods. Am. Zool. 38, 483-491.
21. Lighton, J. R. B. (2002). Lack of discontinuous gas exchange in a tracheate arthropod, Leiobunum townsendi (Arachnida, Opiliones). Physiol. Entomol. 30, 75-81.
22. Lighton, J. R. B. and Joos, B. (2002). Discontinuous gas exchange in a tracheate arthropod, the pseudoscorpion Garypus californicus: Occurrence, characteristics and temperature dependence. J. Insect Sci. 2, 23-27.
23. Lighton, J. R. B. and Turner, R. J. (2004). Thermolimit respirometry: an objective assessment of critical thermal maxima in two sympatric desert harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex rugosus and P. californicus. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 1903-1913.
24. Lighton, J. R. B., Brownell, P. H., Joos, B. and Turner, R. (2001). Low metabolic rate in scorpions: Implications for population biomass and cannibalism. J. Exp. Biol. 204, 607-613.
25. Lighton, J. R. B., Schilman, P. E. and Holway, D. A. (2004). The hyperoxic switch: Assessing respiratory water loss rates in tracheate arthropods with continuous gas exchange. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 4463-4471.
26. Marais, E. and Chown, S. L. (2003). Repeatability of standard metabolic rate and gas exchange characteristics in a highly variable cockroach, Perisphaeria sp. J. Exp. Biol. 206, 4565-4574.
27. Messer, A. C. and Lee, M. J. (1989). Effect of chemical treatments on methane emission by the hindgut microbiota in the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis. Microb. Ecol. 18, 275-284.
28. Shelton, T. G. and Appel, A. G. (2000a). Cyclic carbon dioxide release in the dampwood termite, Zootermopsis nevadensis (Hagen). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 126A, 539-545.
29. 2 release and water loss in the western drywood termite. Incisitermes minor (Hagen) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 93, 1300-1307.
30. 2 release and water loss in alates of the eastern subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 94, 420-426.
31. 2 release patterns of lower termites (Isoptera: Termopsodae. Kalotermitidae, and Rhinotermitidae). Sociobiology 37, 193-219.
32. Shelton, T. G. and Appel, A. G. (2001c). Carbon dioxide production in eastern and Formosan subterranean termites: effects of caste, mass, and movement. J. Insect Physiol. 47, 213-224.
33. Sohal, R. S., Mockett, R. J. and Orr, W. C. (2002). Mechanisms of aging: an appraisal of the oxidative stress hypothesis. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 33, 575-586.
34. Suarez, R. K., Staples, J. F., Lighton, J. R. B. and West, T. G. (1997). Relationships between enzymatic flux capacities and metabolic flux rates: Nonequilibrium reactions in muscle glycolysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 7065-7069.
35. Tholen, A. and Brune, A. (2000). Impact of oxygen on metabolic fluxes and in situ rates of reductive acetogenesis in the hindgut of the wood-feeding termite Reticulitermes flavipes. Environ. Microbiol. 2, 436-449.
36. Trager, W. (1934). The cultivation of a cellulose-digesting flagellate, Trichomonas termopsidis, and of certain other termite protozoa. Biol. Bull. 66, 182-190.
37. Williams, A. E. and Bradley, T. J. (1998). The effect of respiratory pattern on water loss in desiccation-resistant Drosophila melanogaster. J. Exp. Biol. 201, 2953-2959.
38. Yamin, M. (1978). Axenic cultivation of the cellulolytic flagellate Trichomitopsis termopsidis (Cleveland) from the termite Zootermopsis. J. Protozool. 25, 535-538.
39. Yamin, M. (1981). Cellulose metabolism by the flagellate Trichonympha from a termite is independent of endosymbiotic bacteria. Science 211, 58-59.