메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 233-247

Prognostic factors in severe head injury;Factores pronósticos en el traumatismo craneoencefálico grave

Author keywords

Prognostic factors; Prognostic indicators; Severe head injury

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL EXAMINATION; COMA; COMORBIDITY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; EYE MOVEMENT; HEAD INJURY; HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OXYGEN SATURATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTION; PROGNOSIS; PUPIL REFLEX; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; SUBDURAL HEMATOMA; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

EID: 3042832833     PISSN: 11301473     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s1130-1473(04)70478-9     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (7)

References (227)
  • 1
    • 0023626732 scopus 로고
    • Outcome after severe head injury. Relationship to mass lesions, diffuse injury, and ICP course in pediatric and adult patients
    • Alberico, A.M., Ward, J.D., Choi, S.C., Marmarou, A., Young, H.F.: Outcome after severe head injury. Relationship to mass lesions, diffuse injury, and ICP course in pediatric and adult patients. J Neurosurg 1987; 67: 648-656.
    • (1987) J Neurosurg , vol.67 , pp. 648-656
    • Alberico, A.M.1    Ward, J.D.2    Choi, S.C.3    Marmarou, A.4    Young, H.F.5
  • 2
    • 0021357464 scopus 로고
    • Multimodality evoked potentials in closed head trauma
    • Anderson, D.C., Bundlie, S., Rockswold, G.L.: Multimodality evoked potentials in closed head trauma. Arch Neurol 1984; 41: 369-374.
    • (1984) Arch Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 369-374
    • Anderson, D.C.1    Bundlie, S.2    Rockswold, G.L.3
  • 3
    • 3042765298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis in severe head injury
    • Cooper PR, Golfinos JG (eds). New York; McGraw-Hill
    • Andrews, B.T.: Prognosis in severe head injury. En Cooper PR, Golfinos JG (eds). Head Injury, ed 4. New York; McGraw-Hill, 2000; pp. 555-563.
    • (2000) Head Injury, Ed 4 , pp. 555-563
    • Andrews, B.T.1
  • 4
    • 0034201021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resuscitation of blood pressure and oxygenation
    • The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care
    • Anónimo: The Brain Trauma Foundation. The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Resuscitation of blood pressure and oxygenation. J Neurotrauma 2000; 17: 471-478.
    • (2000) J Neurotrauma , vol.17 , pp. 471-478
  • 5
    • 84975228933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glasgow coma scale score
    • The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care
    • Anónimo: The Brain Trauma Foundation. The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Glasgow coma scale score. J Neurotrauma 2000; 17: 563-571.
    • (2000) J Neurotrauma , vol.17 , pp. 563-571
  • 6
    • 84961897614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age
    • The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care
    • Anónimo: The Brain Trauma Foundation. The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Age. J Neurotrauma 2000; 17: 573-581.
    • (2000) J Neurotrauma , vol.17 , pp. 573-581
  • 7
    • 0034203826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pupillary diameter and light reflex
    • The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care
    • Anónimo: The Brain Trauma Foundation. The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Pupillary diameter and light reflex. J Neurotrauma 2000; 17: 583-590.
    • (2000) J Neurotrauma , vol.17 , pp. 583-590
  • 8
    • 84961942054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypotension
    • The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care
    • Anónimo: The Brain Trauma Foundation. The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Hypotension. J Neurotrauma 2000; 17: 591-595.
    • (2000) J Neurotrauma , vol.17 , pp. 591-595
  • 9
    • 0034202971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computed tomography scan features
    • The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care
    • Anónimo: The Brain Trauma Foundation. The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Computed tomography scan features. J Neurotrauma 2000; 17: 597-627.
    • (2000) J Neurotrauma , vol.17 , pp. 597-627
  • 10
    • 0027601408 scopus 로고
    • Influence of basal cistems, midline shift and pathology on outcome in head injury
    • Athiappan, S., Muthukumar, N., Srinivasan, U.S.: Influence of basal cistems, midline shift and pathology on outcome in head injury. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1993; 22: 452-455.
    • (1993) Ann Acad Med Singapore , vol.22 , pp. 452-455
    • Athiappan, S.1    Muthukumar, N.2    Srinivasan, U.S.3
  • 12
    • 0022587457 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of cerebrospinal fluid in head injury: Part 2. Biochemical markers for central nervous system trauma
    • Bakay, R.A., Sweeney, K.M., Wood, J.H.: Pathophysiology of cerebrospinal fluid in head injury: Part 2. Biochemical markers for central nervous system trauma. Neurosurgery 1986; 18: 376-382.
    • (1986) Neurosurgery , vol.18 , pp. 376-382
    • Bakay, R.A.1    Sweeney, K.M.2    Wood, J.H.3
  • 14
    • 0025996480 scopus 로고
    • Serial multimodality-evoked potentials in severely head-injured patients: Diagnostic and prognostic implications
    • Barelli, A., Valente, M.R., Clemente, A., Bozza, P., Proietti, R., Della Corte, F.: Serial multimodality-evoked potentials in severely head-injured patients: diagnostic and prognostic implications. Crit Care Med 1991; 19: 1374-1381.
    • (1991) Crit Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 1374-1381
    • Barelli, A.1    Valente, M.R.2    Clemente, A.3    Bozza, P.4    Proietti, R.5    Della Corte, F.6
  • 16
    • 0030064018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature regulation as possible prognostic indicator in patients with acute intracranial lesions
    • Behr, R., Ehrlinspiel, D., Christophis, P.: Temperature regulation as possible prognostic indicator in patients with acute intracranial lesions. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1996; 138: 192-199.
    • (1996) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.138 , pp. 192-199
    • Behr, R.1    Ehrlinspiel, D.2    Christophis, P.3
  • 17
    • 0030135202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue plasminogen activator (T-PA) and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in patients after head injury
    • Pol
    • Beuth, W., Kotschy, M., Kasprzak, H.A., Rosc, D., Osinski, P., Sniegocki, M.: [Tissue plasminogen activator (T-PA) and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in patients after head injury]. Neurol Neurochir Pol 1996 (Pol); 30: 427-434.
    • (1996) Neurol Neurochir Pol , vol.30 , pp. 427-434
    • Beuth, W.1    Kotschy, M.2    Kasprzak, H.A.3    Rosc, D.4    Osinski, P.5    Sniegocki, M.6
  • 18
    • 0021879725 scopus 로고
    • Relative prognostic value of best motor response and brain stem reflexes in patients with severe head injury
    • Born, J.D., Albert, A., Hans, P., Bonnal, J.: Relative prognostic value of best motor response and brain stem reflexes in patients with severe head injury. Neurosurgery 1985; 16: 595-601.
    • (1985) Neurosurgery , vol.16 , pp. 595-601
    • Born, J.D.1    Albert, A.2    Hans, P.3    Bonnal, J.4
  • 19
    • 0018837066 scopus 로고
    • Outcome in 200 consecutive cases of severe head injury treated in San Diego County: A prospective analysis
    • Bowers, S.A., Marshall, L.F.: Outcome in 200 consecutive cases of severe head injury treated in San Diego County: a prospective analysis. Neurosurgery 1980; 6: 237-242.
    • (1980) Neurosurgery , vol.6 , pp. 237-242
    • Bowers, S.A.1    Marshall, L.F.2
  • 20
    • 0018852537 scopus 로고
    • Systematic selection af prognosis features in patients with severe head injury
    • Braakman, R., Gelpke, G.J., Habbema, J.D., Maas, A.I., Minderhoud, J.M.: Systematic selection af prognosis features in patients with severe head injury. Neurosurgery 1980; 6: 362-370.
    • (1980) Neurosurgery , vol.6 , pp. 362-370
    • Braakman, R.1    Gelpke, G.J.2    Habbema, J.D.3    Maas, A.I.4    Minderhoud, J.M.5
  • 21
    • 0018908565 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged posttraumatic unconsciousness: Therapeutie assets and liabilities
    • Bricolo, A., Turazzi, S., Feriotti, G.: Prolonged posttraumatic unconsciousness: therapeutie assets and liabilities. J Neurosurg 1980; 52: 625-634.
    • (1980) J Neurosurg , vol.52 , pp. 625-634
    • Bricolo, A.1    Turazzi, S.2    Feriotti, G.3
  • 23
    • 0035144664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the use of somatosensory evoked potentials in the prediction of outcome after severe brain injury
    • Carter, B.G., Butt, W.: Review of the use of somatosensory evoked potentials in the prediction of outcome after severe brain injury. Crit Care Med 2001; 29: 178-186.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 178-186
    • Carter, B.G.1    Butt, W.2
  • 24
    • 0031406841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe head trauma. Review af the factors influencing the prognosis
    • Celli, P., Fruin, A., Cervoni, L.: Severe head trauma. Review af the factors influencing the prognosis. Minerva Chir 1997; 52: 1467-1480.
    • (1997) Minerva Chir , vol.52 , pp. 1467-1480
    • Celli, P.1    Fruin, A.2    Cervoni, L.3
  • 25
    • 0034877326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of threshold levels of cerebral perfusion pressure and intracranial pressure in severe head injury by using receiver-operating characteristic curves: An observational study in 291 patients
    • Chambers, I.R., Treadwell, L., Mendelow, A.D.: Determination of threshold levels of cerebral perfusion pressure and intracranial pressure in severe head injury by using receiver-operating characteristic curves: an observational study in 291 patients. J Neurosurg 2001; 94: 412-416.
    • (2001) J Neurosurg , vol.94 , pp. 412-416
    • Chambers, I.R.1    Treadwell, L.2    Mendelow, A.D.3
  • 26
    • 0026794323 scopus 로고
    • Intracranial blood flow velocity after head injury: Relationship to severity of injury, time, neurological status and outcome
    • Chan, K.H., Miller, J.D., Dearden, N.M.: Intracranial blood flow velocity after head injury: relationship to severity of injury, time, neurological status and outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992; 55: 787-791.
    • (1992) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 787-791
    • Chan, K.H.1    Miller, J.D.2    Dearden, N.M.3
  • 28
    • 18744406008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discordant temporal patterns of S100beta and cleaved tau protein elevation after head injury: A pilot study
    • Chatfield, D.A., Zemlan, F.P., Day, D.J., Menon, D.K.: Discordant temporal patterns of S100beta and cleaved tau protein elevation after head injury: a pilot study. Br J Neurosurg 2002; 16: 471-476.
    • (2002) Br J Neurosurg , vol.16 , pp. 471-476
    • Chatfield, D.A.1    Zemlan, F.P.2    Day, D.J.3    Menon, D.K.4
  • 29
    • 0027516794 scopus 로고
    • The role of secondary brain injury in determining outcome from severe head injury
    • Chesnut, R.M., Marshall, L.F., Klauber, M.R., et al.: The role of secondary brain injury in determining outcome from severe head injury. J Trauma 1993; 34: 216-222.
    • (1993) J Trauma , vol.34 , pp. 216-222
    • Chesnut, R.M.1    Marshall, L.F.2    Klauber, M.R.3
  • 30
    • 0027746379 scopus 로고
    • Early and late systemic hypotension as a frequent and fundamental source of cerebral ischemia following severe brain injury in the Traumatic Coma Data Bank
    • Chesnut, R.M., Marshall, S.B., Piek, J., Blunt, B.A., Klauber, M.R., Marshall, L.F.: Early and late systemic hypotension as a frequent and fundamental source of cerebral ischemia following severe brain injury in the Traumatic Coma Data Bank. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1993; 59: 121-125.
    • (1993) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.59 , pp. 121-125
    • Chesnut, R.M.1    Marshall, S.B.2    Piek, J.3    Blunt, B.A.4    Klauber, M.R.5    Marshall, L.F.6
  • 31
    • 0031013313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the APACHE III, APACHE II and Glasgow Coma Scale in acute head injury for prediction of mortality and functional outcome
    • Cho, D.Y., Wang, Y.C.: Comparison of the APACHE III, APACHE II and Glasgow Coma Scale in acute head injury for prediction of mortality and functional outcome. Intensive Care Med 1997; 23: 77-84.
    • (1997) Intensive Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 77-84
    • Cho, D.Y.1    Wang, Y.C.2
  • 32
    • 0000234495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting outcome in the head-injured patient
    • Narayan RK, Wilberger JE, Povlishock JT (eds). New York; McGraw-Hill
    • Choi, S.C., Barnes, T.Y.: Predicting outcome in the head-injured patient. En Narayan RK, Wilberger JE, Povlishock JT (eds). Neurotrauma. New York; McGraw-Hill, 1996; pp. 779-792.
    • (1996) Neurotrauma , pp. 779-792
    • Choi, S.C.1    Barnes, T.Y.2
  • 34
    • 0023794976 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced specificity of prognosis in severe head injury
    • Choi, S.C., Narayan, R.K., Anderson, R.L., Ward, J.D.: Enhanced specificity of prognosis in severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1988; 69: 381-385.
    • (1988) J Neurosurg , vol.69 , pp. 381-385
    • Choi, S.C.1    Narayan, R.K.2    Anderson, R.L.3    Ward, J.D.4
  • 35
    • 0030014264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations after head injury in humans
    • Clark, R.S., Kochanek, P.M., Obrist, W.D., et al.: Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations after head injury in humans. Crit Care Med 1996; 24: 1243-1251.
    • (1996) Crit Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 1243-1251
    • Clark, R.S.1    Kochanek, P.M.2    Obrist, W.D.3
  • 36
    • 0018908569 scopus 로고
    • Neurological course and correlated computerized tomography findings after severe closed head injury
    • Clifton, G.L., Grossman, R.G., Makela, M.E., Miner, M.E., Handel, S., Sadhu, V.: Neurological course and correlated computerized tomography findings after severe closed head injury. J Neurosurg 1980; 52: 611-624.
    • (1980) J Neurosurg , vol.52 , pp. 611-624
    • Clifton, G.L.1    Grossman, R.G.2    Makela, M.E.3    Miner, M.E.4    Handel, S.5    Sadhu, V.6
  • 37
    • 0026490282 scopus 로고
    • Outcome measures for clinical trials involving traumatically brain-injured patients: Report of a conference
    • Clifton, G.L., Hayes, R.L., Levin, H.S., Michel, M.E., Choi, S.C.: Outcome measures for clinical trials involving traumatically brain-injured patients: report of a conference. Neurosurgery 1992; 31: 975-978.
    • (1992) Neurosurgery , vol.31 , pp. 975-978
    • Clifton, G.L.1    Hayes, R.L.2    Levin, H.S.3    Michel, M.E.4    Choi, S.C.5
  • 38
    • 0038747139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does sexual dimorphism influence outcome of traumatic brain injury patients? The answer is no!
    • Coimbra, R., Hoyt, D.B., Potenza, B.M., Fortlage, D., Hollingsworth-Fridlund, P.: Does sexual dimorphism influence outcome of traumatic brain injury patients? The answer is no! J Trauma 2003; 54: 689-700.
    • (2003) J Trauma , vol.54 , pp. 689-700
    • Coimbra, R.1    Hoyt, D.B.2    Potenza, B.M.3    Fortlage, D.4    Hollingsworth-Fridlund, P.5
  • 39
    • 0016711714 scopus 로고
    • Ventricular fluid lactate, pyruvate, bicarbonate and pH in unconscious brain-injured patients subjected to controlled ventilation
    • Cold, G., Enevoldsen, E., Malmros, R.: Ventricular fluid lactate, pyruvate, bicarbonate and pH in unconscious brain-injured patients subjected to controlled ventilation. Acta Neurol Scand 1975; 52: 187-195.
    • (1975) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.52 , pp. 187-195
    • Cold, G.1    Enevoldsen, E.2    Malmros, R.3
  • 40
    • 0024497809 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic significance of the third ventricle and basal cisterns in severe closed head injury
    • Colquhoun, I.R., Burrows, E.H.: The prognostic significance of the third ventricle and basal cisterns in severe closed head injury. Clin Radiol 1989; 40: 13-16.
    • (1989) Clin Radiol , vol.40 , pp. 13-16
    • Colquhoun, I.R.1    Burrows, E.H.2
  • 41
    • 0346488766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis after head injury
    • Youmans JR (ed). Philadelphia; WB Saunders
    • Contant, C.F. Jr., Narayan, R.K.: Prognosis after head injury. En Youmans JR (ed). Neurological Surgery, ed 4. Philadelphia; WB Saunders, 1996, Vol 3; pp. 1792-1812.
    • (1996) Neurological Surgery, Ed 4 , vol.3 , pp. 1792-1812
    • Contant Jr., C.F.1    Narayan, R.K.2
  • 42
    • 0020541965 scopus 로고
    • Radioimmunoassay of the brain type isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase (CK-BB): A new diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with head injury
    • Cooper, P.R., Chalif, D.J., Ramsey, J.F., Moore, R.J.: Radioimmunoassay of the brain type isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase (CK-BB): a new diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with head injury. Neurosurgery 1983; 12: 536-541.
    • (1983) Neurosurgery , vol.12 , pp. 536-541
    • Cooper, P.R.1    Chalif, D.J.2    Ramsey, J.F.3    Moore, R.J.4
  • 43
    • 0018639732 scopus 로고
    • Serial computerized tomographic scanning and the prognosis of severe head injury
    • Cooper, P.R., Maravilla, K., Moody, S., Clark, W.K.: Serial computerized tomographic scanning and the prognosis of severe head injury. Neurosurgery 1979; 5: 566-569.
    • (1979) Neurosurgery , vol.5 , pp. 566-569
    • Cooper, P.R.1    Maravilla, K.2    Moody, S.3    Clark, W.K.4
  • 44
    • 0032925520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated jugular venous oxygen saturation after severe head injury
    • Cormio, M., Valadka, A.B., Robertson, C.S.: Elevated jugular venous oxygen saturation after severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1999; 90: 9-15.
    • (1999) J Neurosurg , vol.90 , pp. 9-15
    • Cormio, M.1    Valadka, A.B.2    Robertson, C.S.3
  • 45
    • 0015273750 scopus 로고
    • Serial CSF lactate-pyruvate values as a guide to prognosis in head injury coma
    • Crockard, H.A., Taylor, A.R.: Serial CSF lactate-pyruvate values as a guide to prognosis in head injury coma. Eur Neurol 1972; 8: 151-157.
    • (1972) Eur Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 151-157
    • Crockard, H.A.1    Taylor, A.R.2
  • 46
    • 0023203114 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of admission fibrin degradation products with outcome and respiratory failure in patients with severe head injury
    • Crone, K.R., Lee, K.S., Kelly, D.L. Jr.: Correlation of admission fibrin degradation products with outcome and respiratory failure in patients with severe head injury. Neurosurgery 1987; 21: 532-536.
    • (1987) Neurosurgery , vol.21 , pp. 532-536
    • Crone, K.R.1    Lee, K.S.2    Kelly Jr., D.L.3
  • 47
    • 0030006972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between early patterns of cerebral extraction of oxygen and outcome from severe acute traumatic brain swelling: Cerebral ischemia or cerebral viability?
    • Cruz, J.: Relationship between early patterns of cerebral extraction of oxygen and outcome from severe acute traumatic brain swelling: cerebral ischemia or cerebral viability? Crit Care Med 1996; 24: 953-956.
    • (1996) Crit Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 953-956
    • Cruz, J.1
  • 48
    • 0030811506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative cerebral blood flow and metabolism determination in the first 48 hours after severe head injury with a new dynamic SPECT device
    • Della Corte, F., Giordano, A., Pennisi, M.A., et al.: Quantitative cerebral blood flow and metabolism determination in the first 48 hours after severe head injury with a new dynamic SPECT device. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1997; 139: 636-642.
    • (1997) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.139 , pp. 636-642
    • Della Corte, F.1    Giordano, A.2    Pennisi, M.A.3
  • 49
    • 0023030865 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of ventricular CSF lactic acidosis in severe head injury
    • DeSalles, A.A., Kontos, H.A., Becker, D.P., et al.: Prognostic significance of ventricular CSF lactic acidosis in severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1986; 65: 615-624.
    • (1986) J Neurosurg , vol.65 , pp. 615-624
    • DeSalles, A.A.1    Kontos, H.A.2    Becker, D.P.3
  • 50
    • 0037465767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein S-100b serum levels in trauma-induced brain death
    • Dimopoulou, I., Korfias, S., Dafni, U., et al.: Protein S-100b serum levels in trauma-induced brain death. Neurology 2003; 60: 947-951.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 947-951
    • Dimopoulou, I.1    Korfias, S.2    Dafni, U.3
  • 52
    • 3042729173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis in head injury
    • Tindall GT, Cooper PR, Barrow DL (eds). Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins
    • Dowling, J.L., Vollmer, D.G.: Prognosis in head injury. En Tindall GT, Cooper PR, Barrow DL (eds). The Practice of Neurosurgery. Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, 1996, Vol 2; pp. 1633-1648.
    • (1996) The Practice of Neurosurgery , vol.2 , pp. 1633-1648
    • Dowling, J.L.1    Vollmer, D.G.2
  • 53
    • 0020629481 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors in traumatic head injury
    • Edna, T.H.: Risk factors in traumatic head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1983; 69: 15-21.
    • (1983) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.69 , pp. 15-21
    • Edna, T.H.1
  • 54
    • 0025036295 scopus 로고
    • Initial CT findings in 753 patients with severe head injury. A report from the NIH Traumatic Coma Data Bank
    • Eisenberg, H.M., Gary, H.E. Jr., Aldrich, E.F., et al.: Initial CT findings in 753 patients with severe head injury. A report from the NIH Traumatic Coma Data Bank. J Neurosurg 1990; 73: 688-698.
    • (1990) J Neurosurg , vol.73 , pp. 688-698
    • Eisenberg, H.M.1    Gary Jr., H.E.2    Aldrich, E.F.3
  • 55
    • 0029843994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic amnesia as a predictor of outcome after severe closed head injury. Prospective assessment
    • Ellenberg, J.H., Levin, H.S., Saydjari, C.: Posttraumatic amnesia as a predictor of outcome after severe closed head injury. Prospective assessment. Arch Neurol 1996; 53: 782-791.
    • (1996) Arch Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 782-791
    • Ellenberg, J.H.1    Levin, H.S.2    Saydjari, C.3
  • 56
    • 0020427525 scopus 로고
    • Computerized tomography (CT) in patients with head injuries. Assessment of outcome based upon initial clinical findings and initial CT scans
    • Espersen, J.O., Petersen, O.F.: Computerized tomography (CT) in patients with head injuries. Assessment of outcome based upon initial clinical findings and initial CT scans. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1982; 65: 81-91.
    • (1982) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.65 , pp. 81-91
    • Espersen, J.O.1    Petersen, O.F.2
  • 57
    • 0025949839 scopus 로고
    • Spatial mapping of SEP in comatose patients: Improved outcome prediction by combined parietal N20 and frontal N30 analysis
    • Facco, E., Munari, M., Dona, B., et al.: Spatial mapping of SEP in comatose patients: improved outcome prediction by combined parietal N20 and frontal N30 analysis. Brain Topogr 1991; 3: 447-455.
    • (1991) Brain Topogr , vol.3 , pp. 447-455
    • Facco, E.1    Munari, M.2    Dona, B.3
  • 58
    • 0037221053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-related differences in patients with severe head injury: Greater susceptibility to brain swelling in female patients 50 years of age and younger
    • Farin, A., Deutsch, R., Biegon, A., Marshall, L.F.: Sex-related differences in patients with severe head injury: greater susceptibility to brain swelling in female patients 50 years of age and younger. J Neurosurg 2003; 98: 32-36.
    • (2003) J Neurosurg , vol.98 , pp. 32-36
    • Farin, A.1    Deutsch, R.2    Biegon, A.3    Marshall, L.F.4
  • 59
    • 0001589957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The limits of salvageability in head injury
    • Narayan RK, Wilberger JE, Povlishock JT (eds). New York; McGraw-Hill
    • Feldman, Z.: The limits of salvageability in head injury. En Narayan RK, Wilberger JE, Povlishock JT (eds). Neurotrauma. New York; McGraw-Hill, 1996; pp. 805-817.
    • (1996) Neurotrauma , pp. 805-817
    • Feldman, Z.1
  • 60
    • 0018368599 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic value of intracranial pressure monitoring after severe head injuries
    • Feldmann, H., Klages, G., Gartner, F., Scharfenberg, J.: The prognostic value of intracranial pressure monitoring after severe head injuries. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1979; 28: 74-77.
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 74-77
    • Feldmann, H.1    Klages, G.2    Gartner, F.3    Scharfenberg, J.4
  • 61
    • 0031733488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early magnetic resonance imaging of brainstem lesions after severe head injury
    • Firsching, R., Woischneck, D., Diedrich, M., et al.: Early magnetic resonance imaging of brainstem lesions after severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1998; 89: 707-712.
    • (1998) J Neurosurg , vol.89 , pp. 707-712
    • Firsching, R.1    Woischneck, D.2    Diedrich, M.3
  • 63
    • 0037883331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid beta 1-42 and tau in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury
    • Franz, G., Beer, R., Kampfl, A., et al.: Amyloid beta 1-42 and tau in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury. Neurology 2003; 60: 1457-1461.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1457-1461
    • Franz, G.1    Beer, R.2    Kampfl, A.3
  • 64
    • 0018400784 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic assessment of coma in relation to age
    • Frowein, R.A.: Prognostic assessment of coma in relation to age. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1979; 28: 3-12.
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 3-12
    • Frowein, R.A.1
  • 65
    • 0019969679 scopus 로고
    • Influence of the type of intracranial lesion on outcome from severe head injury
    • Gennarelli, T.A., Spielman, G.M., Langfitt, T.W., et al.: Influence of the type of intracranial lesion on outcome from severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1982; 56: 26-32.
    • (1982) J Neurosurg , vol.56 , pp. 26-32
    • Gennarelli, T.A.1    Spielman, G.M.2    Langfitt, T.W.3
  • 66
    • 3042810718 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis and outcome in severe head injury
    • Cooper PR (ed). Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins
    • Giannotta, S.L., Weiner, J.M., Kamaze, D.: Prognosis and outcome in severe head injury. En Cooper PR (ed). Head Injury, ed 2. Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, 1987; pp. 464-487.
    • (1987) Head Injury, Ed 2 , pp. 464-487
    • Giannotta, S.L.1    Weiner, J.M.2    Kamaze, D.3
  • 69
    • 0017694629 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of brain function in severe human head trauma with multimodality evoked potentials. Part 2: Localization of brain dysfunction and correlation with posttraumatic neurological conditions
    • Greenberg, R.P., Becker, D.P., Miller J.D., Mayer, D.J.: Evaluation of brain function in severe human head trauma with multimodality evoked potentials. Part 2: Localization of brain dysfunction and correlation with posttraumatic neurological conditions. J Neurosurg 1977; 47: 163-177.
    • (1977) J Neurosurg , vol.47 , pp. 163-177
    • Greenberg, R.P.1    Becker, D.P.2    Miller, J.D.3    Mayer, D.J.4
  • 70
    • 0018339457 scopus 로고
    • Early prognosis after severe human head injury utilizing multimodality evoked potentials
    • Greenberg, R.P., Miller, J.D., Becker, D.P.: Early prognosis after severe human head injury utilizing multimodality evoked potentials. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1979; 28: 50-51.
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 50-51
    • Greenberg, R.P.1    Miller, J.D.2    Becker, D.P.3
  • 71
    • 0019493353 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic implications of early multimodality evoked potentials in severely head-injured patients. A prospective study
    • Greenberg, R.P., Newlon, P.G., Hyatt, M.S., Narayan, R.K., Becker, D.P.: Prognostic implications of early multimodality evoked potentials in severely head-injured patients. A prospective study. J Neurosurg 1981; 55: 227-236.
    • (1981) J Neurosurg , vol.55 , pp. 227-236
    • Greenberg, R.P.1    Newlon, P.G.2    Hyatt, M.S.3    Narayan, R.K.4    Becker, D.P.5
  • 72
    • 0031720131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female TBI patients recover better than males
    • Groswasser, Z., Cohen, M., Keren, O.: Female TBI patients recover better than males. Brain Inj 1998; 12: 805-808.
    • (1998) Brain Inj , vol.12 , pp. 805-808
    • Groswasser, Z.1    Cohen, M.2    Keren, O.3
  • 73
    • 0014751298 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic features in recovery from traumatic decerebration
    • Gutterman, P., Shenkin, H.A.: Prognostic features in recovery from traumatic decerebration. J Neurosurg 1970; 32: 330-335.
    • (1970) J Neurosurg , vol.32 , pp. 330-335
    • Gutterman, P.1    Shenkin, H.A.2
  • 74
    • 0021919689 scopus 로고
    • Glasgow Outcome Scale and Disability Rating Scale: Comparative usefulness in following recovery in traumatic head injury
    • Hall, K., Cope, D.N., Rappaport, M.: Glasgow Outcome Scale and Disability Rating Scale: comparative usefulness in following recovery in traumatic head injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985; 66: 35-37.
    • (1985) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.66 , pp. 35-37
    • Hall, K.1    Cope, D.N.2    Rappaport, M.3
  • 76
    • 0021811708 scopus 로고
    • Derivation of a bioclinical prognostic index in severe head injury
    • Hans, P., Albert, A., Born, J.D., Chapelle, J.P.: Derivation of a bioclinical prognostic index in severe head injury. Intensive Care Med 1985; 11: 186-191.
    • (1985) Intensive Care Med , vol.11 , pp. 186-191
    • Hans, P.1    Albert, A.2    Born, J.D.3    Chapelle, J.P.4
  • 77
    • 0024373281 scopus 로고
    • Improved outcome prediction based on CSF extrapolated creatine kinase BB isoenzyme activity and other risk factors in severe head injury
    • Hans, P., Albert, A., Franssen, C., Born, J.: Improved outcome prediction based on CSF extrapolated creatine kinase BB isoenzyme activity and other risk factors in severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1989; 71: 54-58.
    • (1989) J Neurosurg , vol.71 , pp. 54-58
    • Hans, P.1    Albert, A.2    Franssen, C.3    Born, J.4
  • 78
    • 0021041239 scopus 로고
    • Severe head injury. Clinical assessment and outcome
    • Heiden, J.S., Small, R., Caton, W., Weiss, M., Kurze, T.: Severe head injury. Clinical assessment and outcome. Phys Ther 1983; 63: 1946-1951.
    • (1983) Phys Ther , vol.63 , pp. 1946-1951
    • Heiden, J.S.1    Small, R.2    Caton, W.3    Weiss, M.4    Kurze, T.5
  • 79
    • 0020041559 scopus 로고
    • Normal computed tomograms in acute head injury: Correlation of intracranial pressure, ventricular size, and outcome
    • Holliday, P.O. 3rd., Kelly, D.L. Jr., Ball, M.: Normal computed tomograms in acute head injury: correlation of intracranial pressure, ventricular size, and outcome. Neurosurgery 1982; 10: 25-28.
    • (1982) Neurosurgery , vol.10 , pp. 25-28
    • Holliday III, P.O.1    Kelly Jr., D.L.2    Ball, M.3
  • 80
    • 0025132883 scopus 로고
    • Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials and the Glasgow Coma Scale as predictors of outcome in comatose patients with head injuries
    • Houlden, D.A., Li, C., Schwartz, M.L., Katic, M.: Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials and the Glasgow Coma Scale as predictors of outcome in comatose patients with head injuries. Neurosurgery 1990; 27: 701-708.
    • (1990) Neurosurgery , vol.27 , pp. 701-708
    • Houlden, D.A.1    Li, C.2    Schwartz, M.L.3    Katic, M.4
  • 81
    • 0141790099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient age and outcome following severe traumatic brain injury: An analysis of 5600 patients
    • Hukkelhoven, C.W., Steyerberg, E.W., Rampen, A.J., et al.: Patient age and outcome following severe traumatic brain injury: an analysis of 5600 patients. J Neurosurg 2003; 99: 666-673.
    • (2003) J Neurosurg , vol.99 , pp. 666-673
    • Hukkelhoven, C.W.1    Steyerberg, E.W.2    Rampen, A.J.3
  • 82
    • 0025255965 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of early cerebral blood flow and metabolism to outcome in acute head injury
    • Jaggi, J.L., Obrist, W.D., Gennarelli, T.A., Langfitt, T.W.: Relationship of early cerebral blood flow and metabolism to outcome in acute head injury. J Neurosurg 1990; 72: 176-182.
    • (1990) J Neurosurg , vol.72 , pp. 176-182
    • Jaggi, J.L.1    Obrist, W.D.2    Gennarelli, T.A.3    Langfitt, T.W.4
  • 83
    • 0002816217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and outcome of head injury
    • Narayan RK, Wilberger JE, Povlishock JT (eds). New York; McGraw-Hill
    • Jane, J.A., Francel, P.C.: Age and outcome of head injury. En Narayan RK, Wilberger JE, Povlishock JT (eds). Neurotrauma. New York; McGraw-Hill, 1996; pp. 793-804.
    • (1996) Neurotrauma , pp. 793-804
    • Jane, J.A.1    Francel, P.C.2
  • 84
    • 0020453570 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis in head injury
    • Jane, J.A., Rimel, R.W.: Prognosis in head injury. Clin Neurosurg 1982; 29: 346-352.
    • (1982) Clin Neurosurg , vol.29 , pp. 346-352
    • Jane, J.A.1    Rimel, R.W.2
  • 85
    • 0016475167 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage
    • Jennett, B., Bond, M.: Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet 1975; 1: 480-484.
    • (1975) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 480-484
    • Jennett, B.1    Bond, M.2
  • 86
    • 0019520764 scopus 로고
    • Disability after severe head injury: Observations on the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale
    • Jennett, B., Snoek, J., Bond, M.R., Brooks, N.: Disability after severe head injury: observations on the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1981; 44: 285-293.
    • (1981) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 285-293
    • Jennett, B.1    Snoek, J.2    Bond, M.R.3    Brooks, N.4
  • 87
    • 84919572612 scopus 로고
    • Predicting outcome in individual patients after severe head injury
    • Jennett, B., Teasdale, G., Braakman, R., et al.: Predicting outcome in individual patients after severe head injury. Lancet 1976; 1: 1031-1034.
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1031-1034
    • Jennett, B.1    Teasdale, G.2    Braakman, R.3
  • 89
    • 0037299536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harbingers of poor outcome the day after severe brain injury: Hypothermia, hypoxia, and hypoperfusion
    • Jeremitsky, E., Omert, L., Dunham, C.M., Protetch, J., Rodriguez, A.: Harbingers of poor outcome the day after severe brain injury: hypothermia, hypoxia, and hypoperfusion. J Trauma 2003; 54: 312-319.
    • (2003) J Trauma , vol.54 , pp. 312-319
    • Jeremitsky, E.1    Omert, L.2    Dunham, C.M.3    Protetch, J.4    Rodriguez, A.5
  • 90
    • 0025254526 scopus 로고
    • Early prediction of outcome from cerebral trauma by somatosensory evoked potentials
    • Judson, J.A., Cant, B.R., Shaw, N.A.: Early prediction of outcome from cerebral trauma by somatosensory evoked potentials. Crit Care Med 1990; 18: 363-368.
    • (1990) Crit Care Med , vol.18 , pp. 363-368
    • Judson, J.A.1    Cant, B.R.2    Shaw, N.A.3
  • 91
    • 0033973292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracranial hypertension and cerebral perfusion pressure: Influence on neurological deterioration and outcome in severe head injury
    • The Executive Committee of the International Selfotel Trial
    • Juul, N., Morris, G.F., Marshall, S.B., Marshall, L.F.: Intracranial hypertension and cerebral perfusion pressure: influence on neurological deterioration and outcome in severe head injury. The Executive Committee of the International Selfotel Trial. J Neurosurg 2000; 92: 1-6.
    • (2000) J Neurosurg , vol.92 , pp. 1-6
    • Juul, N.1    Morris, G.F.2    Marshall, S.B.3    Marshall, L.F.4
  • 92
    • 0030069776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Event-related potentials-neurophysiological tools for predicting emergence and early outcome from traumatic coma
    • Kane, N.M., Curry, S.H., Rowlands, C.A., et al.: Event-related potentials-neurophysiological tools for predicting emergence and early outcome from traumatic coma. Intensive Care Med 1996; 22: 39-46.
    • (1996) Intensive Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 39-46
    • Kane, N.M.1    Curry, S.H.2    Rowlands, C.A.3
  • 93
    • 0021805289 scopus 로고
    • Auditory evoked potentials in coma after closed head injury: A clinical-neurophysiologic coma scale for predicting outcome
    • Karnaze, D.S., Weiner, J.M., Marshall, L.F.: Auditory evoked potentials in coma after closed head injury: a clinical-neurophysiologic coma scale for predicting outcome. Neurology 1985; 35: 1122-1126.
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 1122-1126
    • Karnaze, D.S.1    Weiner, J.M.2    Marshall, L.F.3
  • 95
    • 0037348554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E concentration decreases after traumatic brain injury
    • Kay, A.D., Petzold, A., Kerr, M., Keir, G., Thompson, E.J., Nicoll, J.A.: Cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E concentration decreases after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2003; 20: 243-250.
    • (2003) J Neurotrauma , vol.20 , pp. 243-250
    • Kay, A.D.1    Petzold, A.2    Kerr, M.3    Keir, G.4    Thompson, E.J.5    Nicoll, J.A.6
  • 96
    • 0029807662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperemia following traumatic brain injury: Relationship to intracranial hypertension and outcome
    • Kelly, D.F., Kordestani, R.K., Martin, N.A., et al.: Hyperemia following traumatic brain injury: relationship to intracranial hypertension and outcome. J Neurosurg 1996; 85: 762-771.
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.85 , pp. 762-771
    • Kelly, D.F.1    Kordestani, R.K.2    Martin, N.A.3
  • 97
    • 0030933341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow as a predictor of outcome following traumatic brain injury
    • Kelly, D.F., Martin, N.A., Kordestani, R., et al.: Cerebral blood flow as a predictor of outcome following traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 1997; 86: 633-641.
    • (1997) J Neurosurg , vol.86 , pp. 633-641
    • Kelly, D.F.1    Martin, N.A.2    Kordestani, R.3
  • 98
    • 0030448928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term functional status and mortality of elderly patients with severe closed head injuries
    • Kilaru, S., Garb, J., Emhoff, T., et al.: Long-term functional status and mortality of elderly patients with severe closed head injuries. J Trauma 1996; 41: 957-963.
    • (1996) J Trauma , vol.41 , pp. 957-963
    • Kilaru, S.1    Garb, J.2    Emhoff, T.3
  • 99
    • 0019449811 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of patients hospitalized with head injury in San Diego County, 1978
    • Klauber, M.R., Marshall, L.F., Barrett-Connor, E., Bowers, S.A.: Prospective study of patients hospitalized with head injury in San Diego County, 1978. Neurosurgery 1981; 9: 236-241.
    • (1981) Neurosurgery , vol.9 , pp. 236-241
    • Klauber, M.R.1    Marshall, L.F.2    Barrett-Connor, E.3    Bowers, S.A.4
  • 100
    • 0018339749 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic information for EEG and ICP monitoring after severe closed head injuries in the early post-traumatic phase. A clinical and experimental study
    • Knoblich, O.E., Gaab, M.: Prognostic information for EEG and ICP monitoring after severe closed head injuries in the early post-traumatic phase. A clinical and experimental study. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1979; 28: 58-62.
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 58-62
    • Knoblich, O.E.1    Gaab, M.2
  • 101
    • 0021274251 scopus 로고
    • Extracranial insults and outcome in patients with acute head injury relationship to the Glasgow Coma Scale
    • Kohi, Y.M., Mendelow, A.D., Teasdale, G.M., Allardice, G.M.: Extracranial insults and outcome in patients with acute head injury relationship to the Glasgow Coma Scale. Injury 1984; 16: 25-29.
    • (1984) Injury , vol.16 , pp. 25-29
    • Kohi, Y.M.1    Mendelow, A.D.2    Teasdale, G.M.3    Allardice, G.M.4
  • 102
    • 0028901937 scopus 로고
    • Head-injured adult patients with GCS of 3 on admission-who have a chance to survive?
    • Kotwica, Z., Jakubowski, J.K.: Head-injured adult patients with GCS of 3 on admission-who have a chance to survive? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1995; 133: 56-59.
    • (1995) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.133 , pp. 56-59
    • Kotwica, Z.1    Jakubowski, J.K.2
  • 103
    • 0022401616 scopus 로고
    • Survival times and case fatality rates of brain-injured persons
    • Kraus, J., Conroy, C., Cox, P., Ramstein, K., Fife, D.: Survival times and case fatality rates of brain-injured persons. J Neurosurg 1985; 63: 537-543.
    • (1985) J Neurosurg , vol.63 , pp. 537-543
    • Kraus, J.1    Conroy, C.2    Cox, P.3    Ramstein, K.4    Fife, D.5
  • 104
    • 0033251862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of metabolic monitoring systems as an early prognostic indicator in severe head injured patients
    • Kushi, H., Moriya, T., Saito, T., Kinoshita, K., Shibuya, T., Hayashi, N.: Importance of metabolic monitoring systems as an early prognostic indicator in severe head injured patients. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1999; 75: 67-68.
    • (1999) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.75 , pp. 67-68
    • Kushi, H.1    Moriya, T.2    Saito, T.3    Kinoshita, K.4    Shibuya, T.5    Hayashi, N.6
  • 105
    • 0034779147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of excessive fibrinolysis and alpha(2)-plasmin inhibitor deficiency in patients with severe head injury
    • Kushimoto, S., Yamamoto, Y., Shibata, Y., Sato, H., Koido, Y.: Implications of excessive fibrinolysis and alpha(2)-plasmin inhibitor deficiency in patients with severe head injury. Neurosurgery 2001; 49: 1084-1090.
    • (2001) Neurosurgery , vol.49 , pp. 1084-1090
    • Kushimoto, S.1    Yamamoto, Y.2    Shibata, Y.3    Sato, H.4    Koido, Y.5
  • 106
    • 0025953731 scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia and neurological outcome in patients with head injury
    • Lam, A.M., Winn, H.R., Cullen, B.F., Sundling, N.: Hyperglycemia and neurological outcome in patients with head injury. J Neurosurg 1991; 75: 545-551.
    • (1991) J Neurosurg , vol.75 , pp. 545-551
    • Lam, A.M.1    Winn, H.R.2    Cullen, B.F.3    Sundling, N.4
  • 107
  • 108
    • 0034034452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early predictors of mortality and morbidity after severe closed head injury
    • Lannoo, E., van Rietvelde, F., Colardyn, F., et al.: Early predictors of mortality and morbidity after severe closed head injury. J Neurotrauma 2000; 17: 403-414.
    • (2000) J Neurotrauma , vol.17 , pp. 403-414
    • Lannoo, E.1    Van Rietvelde, F.2    Colardyn, F.3
  • 109
    • 0030926554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral arteriovenous oxygen difference: A predictor of cerebral infarction and outcome in patients with severe head injury
    • Le Roux, P.D., Newell, D.W., Lam, A.M., Grady, M.S., Winn, H.R.: Cerebral arteriovenous oxygen difference: a predictor of cerebral infarction and outcome in patients with severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1997; 87: 1-8.
    • (1997) J Neurosurg , vol.87 , pp. 1-8
    • Le Roux, P.D.1    Newell, D.W.2    Lam, A.M.3    Grady, M.S.4    Winn, H.R.5
  • 110
    • 1842295775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamically significant cerebral vasospasm and outcome after head injury: A prospective study
    • Lee, J.H., Martin, N.A., Alsina, G., et al.: Hemodynamically significant cerebral vasospasm and outcome after head injury: a prospective study. J Neurosurg 1997; 87: 221-233.
    • (1997) J Neurosurg , vol.87 , pp. 221-233
    • Lee, J.H.1    Martin, N.A.2    Alsina, G.3
  • 111
    • 0030842837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial cranial CT for evaluating the prognosis of craniocerebral trauma
    • Ger
    • Lehmann, U., Regel, G., Ellendorf, B., et al.: [Initial cranial CT for evaluating the prognosis of craniocerebral trauma]. Unfallchirurg 1997 (Ger); 100: 705-710.
    • (1997) Unfallchirurg , vol.100 , pp. 705-710
    • Lehmann, U.1    Regel, G.2    Ellendorf, B.3
  • 113
    • 0004961034 scopus 로고
    • Outcome after head injury
    • Braakman R (ed). Amsterdam; Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
    • Levin, H.S., Hamilton, W.J., Grossman, R.G.: Outcome after head injury. En Braakman R (ed). Head Injury. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol 13. Amsterdam; Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1990; pp. 367-395.
    • (1990) Head Injury. Handbook of Clinical Neurology , vol.13 , pp. 367-395
    • Levin, H.S.1    Hamilton, W.J.2    Grossman, R.G.3
  • 114
    • 0025780283 scopus 로고
    • Vegetative state after closed-head injury. A Traumatic Coma Data Bank Report
    • Levin, H.S., Saydjari, C., Eisenberg, H.M., et al.: Vegetative state after closed-head injury. A Traumatic Coma Data Bank Report. Arch Neurol 1991; 48: 580-585.
    • (1991) Arch Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 580-585
    • Levin, H.S.1    Saydjari, C.2    Eisenberg, H.M.3
  • 115
    • 0347297497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of somatosensory-evoked potentials and cognitive event-related potentials in predicting outcomes of patients with severe traumatic brain injury
    • Lew, H.L., Dikmen, S., Slimp, J., et al.: Use of somatosensory-evoked potentials and cognitive event-related potentials in predicting outcomes of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2003; 82: 53-64.
    • (2003) Am J Phys Med Rehabil , vol.82 , pp. 53-64
    • Lew, H.L.1    Dikmen, S.2    Slimp, J.3
  • 116
    • 0025355411 scopus 로고
    • Somatosensory and auditory brain stem conduction after head injury: A comparison with clinical features in prediction of outcome
    • Lindsay, K., Pasaoglu, A., Hirst, D., Allardyce, G, Kennedy, I., Teasdale, G.: Somatosensory and auditory brain stem conduction after head injury: a comparison with clinical features in prediction of outcome. Neurosurgery 1990; 26: 278-285.
    • (1990) Neurosurgery , vol.26 , pp. 278-285
    • Lindsay, K.1    Pasaoglu, A.2    Hirst, D.3    Allardyce, G.4    Kennedy, I.5    Teasdale, G.6
  • 119
    • 0020557514 scopus 로고
    • Outcome from severe head injury related to the type of intracranial lesion. A computerized tomography study
    • Lobato, R.D., Cordobés, F., Rivas, J.J., et al.: Outcome from severe head injury related to the type of intracranial lesion. A computerized tomography study. J Neurosurg 1983; 59: 762-774.
    • (1983) J Neurosurg , vol.59 , pp. 762-774
    • Lobato, R.D.1    Cordobés, F.2    Rivas, J.J.3
  • 120
    • 0030979333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential computerized tomography changes and related final outcome in severe head injury patients
    • Lobato, R.D., Gómez, P.A., Alday, R., et al.: Sequential computerized tomography changes and related final outcome in severe head injury patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1997; 139: 385-391.
    • (1997) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.139 , pp. 385-391
    • Lobato, R.D.1    Gómez, P.A.2    Alday, R.3
  • 121
    • 0018339657 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of the intracranial pressure levels during the acute phase of severe head injuries
    • Lobato, R.D., Rivas, J.J., Portillo, J.M., et al.: Prognostic value of the intracranial pressure levels during the acute phase of severe head injuries. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1979; 28: 70-73.
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 70-73
    • Lobato, R.D.1    Rivas, J.J.2    Portillo, J.M.3
  • 122
    • 0021243570 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the influence of non-treatment variables in a study of outcome from severe head injuries
    • Lokkeberg, A.R., Grimes, R.M.: Assessing the influence of non-treatment variables in a study of outcome from severe head injuries. J Neurosurg 1984; 61: 254-262.
    • (1984) J Neurosurg , vol.61 , pp. 254-262
    • Lokkeberg, A.R.1    Grimes, R.M.2
  • 123
    • 0033494195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of early computerized tomography scanning following craniotomy for traumatic hematoma
    • Lubillo, S., Bolaños, J., Carreira, L., Cardeñosa, J., Arroyo, J., Manzano, J.: Prognostic value of early computerized tomography scanning following craniotomy for traumatic hematoma. J Neurosurg 1999; 91: 581-587.
    • (1999) J Neurosurg , vol.91 , pp. 581-587
    • Lubillo, S.1    Bolaños, J.2    Carreira, L.3    Cardeñosa, J.4    Arroyo, J.5    Manzano, J.6
  • 124
    • 0023853052 scopus 로고
    • Outcome from head injury related to patents age. A longitudinal prospective study of adult and pediatric head injury
    • Luerssen, TG., Klauber, M.R., Marshall, L.F.: Outcome from head injury related to patents age. A longitudinal prospective study of adult and pediatric head injury. J Neurosurg 1988; 68: 409-416.
    • (1988) J Neurosurg , vol.68 , pp. 409-416
    • Luerssen, T.G.1    Klauber, M.R.2    Marshall, L.F.3
  • 125
    • 0020700729 scopus 로고
    • Agreement between physicians on assessment of outcome following severe head injury
    • Maas, A.I., Braakman, R., Schouten, H.J., Minderhoud, J.M., van Zomeren, A.H.: Agreement between physicians on assessment of outcome following severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1983; 58: 321-325.
    • (1983) J Neurosurg , vol.58 , pp. 321-325
    • Maas, A.I.1    Braakman, R.2    Schouten, H.J.3    Minderhoud, J.M.4    Van Zomeren, A.H.5
  • 126
    • 0002758782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome from severe head injury
    • Narayan RK, Wilberger JE, Povlishock JT (eds). New York; McGraw-Hill
    • Marion, D.W.: Outcome from severe head injury. En Narayan RK, Wilberger JE, Povlishock JT (eds). Neurotrauma. New York; McGraw-Hill, 1996; pp. 767-777.
    • (1996) Neurotrauma , pp. 767-777
    • Marion, D.W.1
  • 127
    • 0027954236 scopus 로고
    • Problems with initial Glasgow Coma Scale assessment caused by prehospital treatment of patients with head injuries: Results of a national survey
    • Marion, D.W., Carlier, P.M.: Problems with initial Glasgow Coma Scale assessment caused by prehospital treatment of patients with head injuries: results of a national survey. J Trauma 1994; 36: 89-95.
    • (1994) J Trauma , vol.36 , pp. 89-95
    • Marion, D.W.1    Carlier, P.M.2
  • 128
    • 0030041128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CSF neurotransmitter metabolites in comatose head injury patients during changes in their clinical state
    • Markianos, M., Seretis, A., Kotsou, A., Christopoulos, M.: CSF neurotransmitter metabolites in comatose head injury patients during changes in their clinical state. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1996; 138: 57-59.
    • (1996) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.138 , pp. 57-59
    • Markianos, M.1    Seretis, A.2    Kotsou, A.3    Christopoulos, M.4
  • 129
    • 0026701232 scopus 로고
    • CSF neurotransmitter metabolites and short-term outcome of patients in coma after head injury
    • Markianos, M., Seretis, A., Kotsou, S., Baltas, I., Sacharogiannis, H.: CSF neurotransmitter metabolites and short-term outcome of patients in coma after head injury. Acta Neurol Scand 1992; 86: 190-193.
    • (1992) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.86 , pp. 190-193
    • Markianos, M.1    Seretis, A.2    Kotsou, S.3    Baltas, I.4    Sacharogiannis, H.5
  • 130
    • 0025942181 scopus 로고
    • Impact of ICP instability and hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head trauma
    • Marmarou, A., Anderson, R.L., Ward, J.D., et al.: Impact of ICP instability and hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head trauma. J Neurosurg 1991; 75 (Suppl): S59-S66.
    • (1991) J Neurosurg , vol.75 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Marmarou, A.1    Anderson, R.L.2    Ward, J.D.3
  • 131
    • 0026055721 scopus 로고
    • The outcome of severe closed head injury
    • Marshall, L.F., Gautille, T., Klauber, M.R., et al.: The outcome of severe closed head injury. J Neurosurg 1991; 75 (Suppl): S28-S36.
    • (1991) J Neurosurg , vol.75 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Marshall, L.F.1    Gautille, T.2    Klauber, M.R.3
  • 132
    • 0026048717 scopus 로고
    • A new classification of head injury based on computerized tomography
    • Marshall, L.F., Marshall, S.B., Klauber, M.R., et al.: A new classification of head injury based on computerized tomography. J Neurosurg 1991; 75 (Suppl): S14-S20.
    • (1991) J Neurosurg , vol.75 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Marshall, L.F.1    Marshall, S.B.2    Klauber, M.R.3
  • 134
    • 0018401297 scopus 로고
    • CT scan, ICP and early neurological evaluation in the prognosis of severe head injury
    • Miller, J.D., Gudeman, S.K., Kishore, P.R., Becker, D.P.: CT scan, ICP and early neurological evaluation in the prognosis of severe head injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1979; 28: 86-88.
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 86-88
    • Miller, J.D.1    Gudeman, S.K.2    Kishore, P.R.3    Becker, D.P.4
  • 135
    • 0031890604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring severe head injury: A comparison of EEG and somatosensory evoked potentials
    • Moulton, R.J., Brown, J.I., Konasiewicz, S.J.: Monitoring severe head injury: a comparison of EEG and somatosensory evoked potentials. Can J Neurol Sci 1998; 25: S7-S11.
    • (1998) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.25
    • Moulton, R.J.1    Brown, J.I.2    Konasiewicz, S.J.3
  • 136
    • 0029784125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral lactate production in relation to intracranial pressure, cranial computed tomography findings, and outcome in patients with severe head injury
    • Murr, R., Stummer, W., Schurer, L., Polasek, J.: Cerebral lactate production in relation to intracranial pressure, cranial computed tomography findings, and outcome in patients with severe head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1996; 138: 928-937.
    • (1996) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.138 , pp. 928-937
    • Murr, R.1    Stummer, W.2    Schurer, L.3    Polasek, J.4
  • 137
    • 0019582612 scopus 로고
    • Improved confidence of outcome prediction in severe head injury. A comparative analysis of the clinical examination, multimodality evoked potentials, CT scanning, and intracranial pressure
    • Narayan, R.K., Greenberg, R.P., Miller, J.D., et al.: Improved confidence of outcome prediction in severe head injury. A comparative analysis of the clinical examination, multimodality evoked potentials, CT scanning, and intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg 1981; 54: 751-762.
    • (1981) J Neurosurg , vol.54 , pp. 751-762
    • Narayan, R.K.1    Greenberg, R.P.2    Miller, J.D.3
  • 138
    • 0024847319 scopus 로고
    • Creatine kinase BB after severe head-injury as an index of prognosis in relation to nature of trauma and patient's age
    • Niedeggen, A., Adelt, D., Bemdt, R., Hopf, T.: Creatine kinase BB after severe head-injury as an index of prognosis in relation to nature of trauma and patient's age. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1989; 101: 117-120.
    • (1989) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.101 , pp. 117-120
    • Niedeggen, A.1    Adelt, D.2    Bemdt, R.3    Hopf, T.4
  • 139
    • 0021912167 scopus 로고
    • Creatine kinase BB in blood as index of prognosis and effect of treatment after severe head injury
    • Nordby, H.K., Urdal, P.: Creatine kinase BB in blood as index of prognosis and effect of treatment after severe head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1985; 76: 131-136.
    • (1985) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.76 , pp. 131-136
    • Nordby, H.K.1    Urdal, P.2
  • 140
    • 0018646645 scopus 로고
    • Relation of cerebral blood flow to neurological status and outcome in head-injured patients
    • Obrist, W.D., Gennarelli, T.A., Segawa, H., Dolinskas, C.A., Langfitt, T. W.: Relation of cerebral blood flow to neurological status and outcome in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 1979; 51: 292-300.
    • (1979) J Neurosurg , vol.51 , pp. 292-300
    • Obrist, W.D.1    Gennarelli, T.A.2    Segawa, H.3    Dolinskas, C.A.4    Langfitt, T.W.5
  • 141
    • 0015932905 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis after head injury based on early clinical examination
    • Overgaard, J., Hvid-Hansen, O., Land, A.M., et al.: Prognosis after head injury based on early clinical examination. Lancet 1973; 2: 631-635.
    • (1973) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 631-635
    • Overgaard, J.1    Hvid-Hansen, O.2    Land, A.M.3
  • 142
    • 0024322324 scopus 로고
    • The value of the Glasgow Coma Scale and Injury Severity Score: Predicting outcome in multiple trauma patients with head injury
    • Pal, J., Brown, R., Fleiszer, D.: The value of the Glasgow Coma Scale and Injury Severity Score: predicting outcome in multiple trauma patients with head injury. J Trauma 1989; 29: 746-748.
    • (1989) J Trauma , vol.29 , pp. 746-748
    • Pal, J.1    Brown, R.2    Fleiszer, D.3
  • 143
    • 0036820493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage after severe head injury and its relationship to neurological outcome
    • Paolin, A., Nardin, L., Gaetani, P., et al.: Oxidative damage after severe head injury and its relationship to neurological outcome. Neurosurgery 2002; 51: 949-955.
    • (2002) Neurosurgery , vol.51 , pp. 949-955
    • Paolin, A.1    Nardin, L.2    Gaetani, P.3
  • 146
    • 0034519235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of patients with diffuse axonal injury: The significance and prognostic value of MRI in the acute phase
    • Paterakis, K., Karantanas, A.H., Komnos, A., Volikas, Z.: Outcome of patients with diffuse axonal injury: the significance and prognostic value of MRI in the acute phase. J Trauma 2000; 49: 1071-1075.
    • (2000) J Trauma , vol.49 , pp. 1071-1075
    • Paterakis, K.1    Karantanas, A.H.2    Komnos, A.3    Volikas, Z.4
  • 147
    • 0026737981 scopus 로고
    • The deleterious effects of intraoperative hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head injuries
    • Pietropaoli, J.A., Rogers, F.B., Shackford, S.R., Wald, S.L., Schmoker, J.D., Zhuang, J.: The deleterious effects of intraoperative hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head injuries. J Trauma 1992; 33: 403-407.
    • (1992) J Trauma , vol.33 , pp. 403-407
    • Pietropaoli, J.A.1    Rogers, F.B.2    Shackford, S.R.3    Wald, S.L.4    Schmoker, J.D.5    Zhuang, J.6
  • 148
    • 0030993578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How reliable is the predictive value of SEP (somatosensory evoked potentials) patterns in severe brain damage with special regard to the bilateral loss of cortical responses?
    • Pohlmann-Eden, B., Dingethal, K., Bender, H.J., Koelfen, W.: How reliable is the predictive value of SEP (somatosensory evoked potentials) patterns in severe brain damage with special regard to the bilateral loss of cortical responses? Intensive Care Med 1997; 23: 301-308.
    • (1997) Intensive Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 301-308
    • Pohlmann-Eden, B.1    Dingethal, K.2    Bender, H.J.3    Koelfen, W.4
  • 149
    • 0018371392 scopus 로고
    • Disseminated intravascular coagulation related to outcome in head injury
    • Pondaag, W.: Disseminated intravascular coagulation related to outcome in head injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1979; 28: 98-102.
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 98-102
    • Pondaag, W.1
  • 150
    • 0018405853 scopus 로고
    • The prediction of outcome of patients admitted following head injury in coma with bilateral fixed pupils
    • Price, D.J., Knill-Jones, R.: The prediction of outcome of patients admitted following head injury in coma with bilateral fixed pupils. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1979; 28: 179-182.
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 179-182
    • Price, D.J.1    Knill-Jones, R.2
  • 151
    • 0026060916 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of midline shift as a predictor of poor outcome following head injury
    • Quattrocchi, K.B., Prasad, P., Willits, N.H., Wagner, F.C. Jr.: Quantification of midline shift as a predictor of poor outcome following head injury. Surg Neurol 1991; 35: 183-188.
    • (1991) Surg Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 183-188
    • Quattrocchi, K.B.1    Prasad, P.2    Willits, N.H.3    Wagner Jr., F.C.4
  • 153
    • 0031661758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of computed tomography findings and serum brain damage markers following severe head injury
    • Raabe, A., Grolms, C., Keller, M., Dohnert, J., Sorge, O., Seifert, V.: Correlation of computed tomography findings and serum brain damage markers following severe head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1998; 140: 787-792.
    • (1998) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.140 , pp. 787-792
    • Raabe, A.1    Grolms, C.2    Keller, M.3    Dohnert, J.4    Sorge, O.5    Seifert, V.6
  • 154
    • 0032992134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum markers of brain damage and outcome prediction in patients after severe head injury
    • Raabe, A., Grolms, C., Seifert, V.: Serum markers of brain damage and outcome prediction in patients after severe head injury. Br J Neurosurg 1999; 13: 56-59.
    • (1999) Br J Neurosurg , vol.13 , pp. 56-59
    • Raabe, A.1    Grolms, C.2    Seifert, V.3
  • 156
    • 0142226851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum S-100B protein as a molecular marker in severe traumatic brain injury
    • Raabe, A., Kopetsch, O., Woszczyk, A., et al.: Serum S-100B protein as a molecular marker in severe traumatic brain injury. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2003; 21: 159-169.
    • (2003) Restor Neurol Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 159-169
    • Raabe, A.1    Kopetsch, O.2    Woszczyk, A.3
  • 157
    • 0032245407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jugular venous and arterial concentrations of serum S-100B protein in patients with severe head injury: A pilot study
    • Raabe, A., Menon, D.K., Gupta, S., Czosnyka, M., Pickard, J.D.: Jugular venous and arterial concentrations of serum S-100B protein in patients with severe head injury: a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 65: 930-932.
    • (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 930-932
    • Raabe, A.1    Menon, D.K.2    Gupta, S.3    Czosnyka, M.4    Pickard, J.D.5
  • 158
    • 0033374080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal secondary increase in serum S-100B protein after severe head injury. Report of three cases
    • Raabe, A., Seifert, V.: Fatal secondary increase in serum S-100B protein after severe head injury. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg 1999; 91: 875-877.
    • (1999) J Neurosurg , vol.91 , pp. 875-877
    • Raabe, A.1    Seifert, V.2
  • 159
    • 0033781503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein S-100B as a serum marker of brain damage in severe head injury: Preliminary results
    • Raabe, A., Seifert, V.: Protein S-100B as a serum marker of brain damage in severe head injury: preliminary results. Neurosurg Rev 2000; 23: 136-138.
    • (2000) Neurosurg Rev , vol.23 , pp. 136-138
    • Raabe, A.1    Seifert, V.2
  • 160
    • 0024470814 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between CT attenuation changes and post-traumatic CSF-CKBB-activity after severe head injury in man
    • Rabow, L., Cook, D., Lipper, M.H., et al.: Relationship between CT attenuation changes and post-traumatic CSF-CKBB-activity after severe head injury in man. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1989; 100: 155-157.
    • (1989) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.100 , pp. 155-157
    • Rabow, L.1    Cook, D.2    Lipper, M.H.3
  • 161
    • 0022975952 scopus 로고
    • CSF brain creatine kinase levels and lactic acidosis in severe head injury
    • Rabow, L., DeSalles, A.F., Becker, D.P., et al.: CSF brain creatine kinase levels and lactic acidosis in severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1986; 65: 625-629.
    • (1986) J Neurosurg , vol.65 , pp. 625-629
    • Rabow, L.1    DeSalles, A.F.2    Becker, D.P.3
  • 162
    • 0029916649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of severe brain injury: A multimodality neurophysiologic study
    • Rae-Grant, A.D., Eckert, N., Barbour, P.J., et al.: Outcome of severe brain injury: a multimodality neurophysiologic study. J Trauma 1996; 40: 401-407.
    • (1996) J Trauma , vol.40 , pp. 401-407
    • Rae-Grant, A.D.1    Eckert, N.2    Barbour, P.J.3
  • 165
    • 0035952496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased serum S100beta protein concentrations following severe head injury in humans: A biochemical marker of brain death?
    • Regner, A., Kaufman, M., Friedman, G., Chemale, L: Increased serum S100beta protein concentrations following severe head injury in humans: a biochemical marker of brain death? Neuroreport 2001; 12: 691-694.
    • (2001) Neuroreport , vol.12 , pp. 691-694
    • Regner, A.1    Kaufman, M.2    Friedman, G.3    Chemale, L.4
  • 166
    • 0030799653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome analysis of patients with severe head injuries and prolonged intracranial hypertension
    • Resnick, D.K., Marion, D.W., Carlier, P.: Outcome analysis of patients with severe head injuries and prolonged intracranial hypertension. J Trauma 1997; 42: 1108-1111.
    • (1997) J Trauma , vol.42 , pp. 1108-1111
    • Resnick, D.K.1    Marion, D.W.2    Carlier, P.3
  • 167
    • 0018402430 scopus 로고
    • Significance of intracranial pressure and neurological deficit as prognostic factors in acute severe brain lesions
    • Richard, K.E., Frowein, R.A: Significance of intracranial pressure and neurological deficit as prognostic factors in acute severe brain lesions. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1979; 28: 66-69.
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 66-69
    • Richard, K.E.1    Frowein, R.A.2
  • 168
    • 0022483444 scopus 로고
    • Severe head injury: The first hour
    • Richards, P.: Severe head injury: the first hour. Br Med J 1986; 293: 643-644.
    • (1986) Br Med J , vol.293 , pp. 643-644
    • Richards, P.1
  • 169
    • 0032911961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain stem blood flow, pupillary response, and outcome in patients with severe head injuries
    • Ritter, A.M., Muizelaar, J.P., Barnes, T., et al.: Brain stem blood flow, pupillary response, and outcome in patients with severe head injuries. Neurosurgery 1999; 44: 941-948.
    • (1999) Neurosurgery , vol.44 , pp. 941-948
    • Ritter, A.M.1    Muizelaar, J.P.2    Barnes, T.3
  • 171
    • 0019819839 scopus 로고
    • Midbrain lesions: Frequent and significant prognostic feature in closed head injury
    • Rosenblum, W.I., Greenberg, R.P., Seelig, J.M., Becker, D.P.: Midbrain lesions: frequent and significant prognostic feature in closed head injury. Neurosurgery 1981; 9: 613-620.
    • (1981) Neurosurgery , vol.9 , pp. 613-620
    • Rosenblum, W.I.1    Greenberg, R.P.2    Seelig, J.M.3    Becker, D.P.4
  • 172
    • 0026844513 scopus 로고
    • Prognosticators of outcome after major head injury in the elderly
    • Ross, A.M., Pitts, L.H., Kobayashi, S.: Prognosticators of outcome after major head injury in the elderly. J Neurosci Nurs 1992; 24: 88-93.
    • (1992) J Neurosci Nurs , vol.24 , pp. 88-93
    • Ross, A.M.1    Pitts, L.H.2    Kobayashi, S.3
  • 174
    • 0033968130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of hyperglycemia on neurological outcome in patients with severe head injury
    • Rovlias, A., Kotsou, S.: The influence of hyperglycemia on neurological outcome in patients with severe head injury. Neurosurgery 2000; 46: 335-343.
    • (2000) Neurosurgery , vol.46 , pp. 335-343
    • Rovlias, A.1    Kotsou, S.2
  • 175
    • 0026619297 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic value of some clinical and diagnostic factors in traumatic intracranial haematoma
    • Rudnick, A., Wojtacha, M., Wencel, T., Bazowski, P.: The prognostic value of some clinical and diagnostic factors in traumatic intracranial haematoma. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1992; 55: 33-36.
    • (1992) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.55 , pp. 33-36
    • Rudnick, A.1    Wojtacha, M.2    Wencel, T.3    Bazowski, P.4
  • 176
    • 0019498073 scopus 로고
    • Calculated recovery rates in severe head trauma
    • Salcman, M., Schepp, R.S., Ducker, T.B.: Calculated recovery rates in severe head trauma. Neurosurgery 1981; 8: 301-308.
    • (1981) Neurosurgery , vol.8 , pp. 301-308
    • Salcman, M.1    Schepp, R.S.2    Ducker, T.B.3
  • 177
    • 0019951498 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intracranial pressure monitoring and aggressive treatment on mortality in severe head injury
    • Saul, T.G., Ducker, T.B.: Effect of intracranial pressure monitoring and aggressive treatment on mortality in severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1982; 56: 498-503.
    • (1982) J Neurosurg , vol.56 , pp. 498-503
    • Saul, T.G.1    Ducker, T.B.2
  • 178
    • 0017699177 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic and therapeutic importance of changes in the CSF during the acute stage of brain injury
    • Seitz, H.D., Ocker, K.: The prognostic and therapeutic importance of changes in the CSF during the acute stage of brain injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1977; 38: 211-231.
    • (1977) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.38 , pp. 211-231
    • Seitz, H.D.1    Ocker, K.2
  • 179
    • 0027049937 scopus 로고
    • Outcome prediction in early management of severe head injury: An experience in Malaysia
    • Selladurai, B.M., Jayakumar, R., Tan, Y.Y., Low, H.C.: Outcome prediction in early management of severe head injury: an experience in Malaysia. Br J Neurosurg 1992; 6: 549-557.
    • (1992) Br J Neurosurg , vol.6 , pp. 549-557
    • Selladurai, B.M.1    Jayakumar, R.2    Tan, Y.Y.3    Low, H.C.4
  • 181
    • 19244379629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of the "worst" computed tomographic scan in clinical studies of moderate and severe head injury
    • European Brain Injury Consortium
    • Servadei, F., Murray, G.D., Penny, K., et al.: The value of the "worst" computed tomographic scan in clinical studies of moderate and severe head injury. European Brain Injury Consortium. Neurosurgery 2000; 46: 70-77.
    • (2000) Neurosurgery , vol.46 , pp. 70-77
    • Servadei, F.1    Murray, G.D.2    Penny, K.3
  • 182
    • 0036482050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: Demographic and clinical study of 750 patients from the European brain injury consortium survey of head injuries
    • Servadei, F., Murray, G.D., Teasdale, G.M., et al.: Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: demographic and clinical study of 750 patients from the European brain injury consortium survey of head injuries. Neurosurgery 2002; 50: 261-269.
    • (2002) Neurosurgery , vol.50 , pp. 261-269
    • Servadei, F.1    Murray, G.D.2    Teasdale, G.M.3
  • 183
    • 0036674005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 concentrations and outcome after severe human traumatic brain injury
    • Singhal, A., Baker, A.J., Hare, G.M., Reinders, F.X., Schlichter, L.C., Moulton, R.J.: Association between cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 concentrations and outcome after severe human traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2002; 19: 929-937.
    • (2002) J Neurotrauma , vol.19 , pp. 929-937
    • Singhal, A.1    Baker, A.J.2    Hare, G.M.3    Reinders, F.X.4    Schlichter, L.C.5    Moulton, R.J.6
  • 184
    • 0033507985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatosensory evoked potentials in severe traumatic brain injury: A blinded study
    • Sleigh, J.W., Havill, J.H., Frith, R., Kersel, D., Marsh, N., Ulyatt, D.: Somatosensory evoked potentials in severe traumatic brain injury: a blinded study. J Neurosurg 1999; 91: 577-580.
    • (1999) J Neurosurg , vol.91 , pp. 577-580
    • Sleigh, J.W.1    Havill, J.H.2    Frith, R.3    Kersel, D.4    Marsh, N.5    Ulyatt, D.6
  • 185
    • 0018405856 scopus 로고
    • Using the spectral analysis of the EEG for prognosis of severe brain injuries in the first post-traumatic week
    • Steudel, W.I., Kruger, J.: Using the spectral analysis of the EEG for prognosis of severe brain injuries in the first post-traumatic week. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1979; 28: 40-42.
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 40-42
    • Steudel, W.I.1    Kruger, J.2
  • 186
    • 0017993661 scopus 로고
    • Significance of bilateral abnormalities on the CT scan in patients with severe head injury
    • Sweet, R.C., Miller, J.D., Lipper, M., Kishore, P.R., Becker, D.P.: Significance of bilateral abnormalities on the CT scan in patients with severe head injury. Neurosurgery 1978; 3: 16-21.
    • (1978) Neurosurgery , vol.3 , pp. 16-21
    • Sweet, R.C.1    Miller, J.D.2    Lipper, M.3    Kishore, P.R.4    Becker, D.P.5
  • 187
    • 0031003428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrinolytic parameters as an admission prognostic marker of head injury in patients who talk and deteriorate
    • Takahashi, H., Urano, T., Takada, Y., Nagai, N., Takada, A.: Fibrinolytic parameters as an admission prognostic marker of head injury in patients who talk and deteriorate. J Neurosurg 1997; 86: 768-772.
    • (1997) J Neurosurg , vol.86 , pp. 768-772
    • Takahashi, H.1    Urano, T.2    Takada, Y.3    Nagai, N.4    Takada, A.5
  • 188
    • 0035131162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between hyperglycemia following head injury and neurological outcome
    • Jpn
    • Takanashi, Y., Shinonaga, M., Nakajima, F.: [Relationship between hyperglycemia following head injury and neurological outcome]. No To Shinkei 2001 (Jpn); 53: 61-64.
    • (2001) No To Shinkei , vol.53 , pp. 61-64
    • Takanashi, Y.1    Shinonaga, M.2    Nakajima, F.3
  • 189
    • 0016391336 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale
    • Teasdale, G., Jennett, B.: Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 1974; 2: 81-84.
    • (1974) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 81-84
    • Teasdale, G.1    Jennett, B.2
  • 190
    • 0017183615 scopus 로고
    • Assessment and prognosis of coma after head injury
    • Teasdale, G., Jennett, B.: Assessment and prognosis of coma after head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1976; 34: 45-55.
    • (1976) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.34 , pp. 45-55
    • Teasdale, G.1    Jennett, B.2
  • 191
    • 0020573004 scopus 로고
    • Glasgow coma scale: To sum or not to sum
    • letter
    • Teasdale, G., Jennett, B., Murray, L., Murray, G.: Glasgow coma scale: to sum or not to sum. Lancet 1983; 2: 678 (letter).
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 678
    • Teasdale, G.1    Jennett, B.2    Murray, L.3    Murray, G.4
  • 195
    • 0030770308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphism with outcome after head injury
    • Teasdale, G.M., Nicoll, J.A., Murray, G., Fiddes, M.: Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphism with outcome after head injury. Lancet 1997; 350: 1069-1071.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 1069-1071
    • Teasdale, G.M.1    Nicoll, J.A.2    Murray, G.3    Fiddes, M.4
  • 196
    • 0031707406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyzing outcome of treatment of severe head injury: A review and update on advancing the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale
    • Teasdale, G.M., Pettigrew, L.E., Wilson, J.T., Murray, G., Jennett, B.: Analyzing outcome of treatment of severe head injury: a review and update on advancing the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale. J Neurotrauma 1998; 15: 587-597.
    • (1998) J Neurotrauma , vol.15 , pp. 587-597
    • Teasdale, G.M.1    Pettigrew, L.E.2    Wilson, J.T.3    Murray, G.4    Jennett, B.5
  • 197
    • 0025894976 scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive predictions of outcome in closed head-injured patients. The development of prognostic equations
    • Thatcher, R.W., Cantor, D.S., McAlaster, R., Geisler, F., Krause, P.: Comprehensive predictions of outcome in closed head-injured patients. The development of prognostic equations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991; 620: 82-101.
    • (1991) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.620 , pp. 82-101
    • Thatcher, R.W.1    Cantor, D.S.2    McAlaster, R.3    Geisler, F.4    Krause, P.5
  • 198
    • 0033786578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalogram silence ratio for early outcome prognosis in severe head trauma
    • Theilen, H.J., Ragaller, M., Tscho, U., May, S.A., Schackert, G., Albrecht, M.D.: Electroencephalogram silence ratio for early outcome prognosis in severe head trauma. Crit Care Med 2000; 28: 3522-3529.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 3522-3529
    • Theilen, H.J.1    Ragaller, M.2    Tscho, U.3    May, S.A.4    Schackert, G.5    Albrecht, M.D.6
  • 199
    • 0018418025 scopus 로고
    • Serum myelin basic protein, clinical responsiveness, and outcome of severe head injury
    • Thomas, D.G., Rabow, L., Teasdale, G.: Serum myelin basic protein, clinical responsiveness, and outcome of severe head injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1979; 28: 93-95.
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 93-95
    • Thomas, D.G.1    Rabow, L.2    Teasdale, G.3
  • 200
    • 0021123354 scopus 로고
    • Absent or compressed basal cisterns on first CT scan: Ominous predictors of outcome in severe head injury
    • Toutant, S.M., Klauber, M.R., Marshall, L.F., et al.: Absent or compressed basal cisterns on first CT scan: ominous predictors of outcome in severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1984; 61: 691-694.
    • (1984) J Neurosurg , vol.61 , pp. 691-694
    • Toutant, S.M.1    Klauber, M.R.2    Marshall, L.F.3
  • 201
    • 0018339351 scopus 로고
    • Prognosic signs during continuous monitoring of the ventricular fluid pressure in patients with severe brain injury
    • Tsementzis, S.A., Gordon, A., Gillingham, F.J.: Prognosic signs during continuous monitoring of the ventricular fluid pressure in patients with severe brain injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1979; 28: 78-84.
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 78-84
    • Tsementzis, S.A.1    Gordon, A.2    Gillingham, F.J.3
  • 202
    • 0023098673 scopus 로고
    • Influence of lesions detected by computed tomography on outcome and neuropsychological recovery after severe head injury
    • Uzzell, B.P., Dolinskas, C.A., Wiser, R.F., Langfitt, T.W.: Influence of lesions detected by computed tomography on outcome and neuropsychological recovery after severe head injury. Neurosurgery 1987; 20: 396-402.
    • (1987) Neurosurgery , vol.20 , pp. 396-402
    • Uzzell, B.P.1    Dolinskas, C.A.2    Wiser, R.F.3    Langfitt, T.W.4
  • 204
    • 0021023886 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic value of computerized tomography in comatose head-injured patients
    • Van Dongen, K.J., Braakman, R., Gelpke, G.J.: The prognostic value of computerized tomography in comatose head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 1983; 59: 951-957.
    • (1983) J Neurosurg , vol.59 , pp. 951-957
    • Van Dongen, K.J.1    Braakman, R.2    Gelpke, G.J.3
  • 206
    • 0015223213 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis for patients with severe brain injuries
    • Vapalahti, M., Troupp, H.: Prognosis for patients with severe brain injuries. Br Med J 1971; 3: 404-407.
    • (1971) Br Med J , vol.3 , pp. 404-407
    • Vapalahti, M.1    Troupp, H.2
  • 207
    • 0036288601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early and persistent impaired percent alpha variability on continuous electroencephalography monitoring as predictive of poor outcome after traumatic brain injury
    • Vespa, P.M., Boscardin, W.J., Hovda, D.A., et al.: Early and persistent impaired percent alpha variability on continuous electroencephalography monitoring as predictive of poor outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2002; 97: 84-92.
    • (2002) J Neurosurg , vol.97 , pp. 84-92
    • Vespa, P.M.1    Boscardin, W.J.2    Hovda, D.A.3
  • 208
    • 0002921092 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis and outcome of severe head injury
    • Cooper PR (ed). Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins
    • Vollmer, D.G.: Prognosis and outcome of severe head injury. En Cooper PR (ed). Head Injury, ed 3. Baltimore; Williams & Wilkins, 1993; pp. 553-581.
    • (1993) Head Injury, Ed 3 , pp. 553-581
    • Vollmer, D.G.1
  • 209
    • 0026042616 scopus 로고
    • Age and outcome following traumatic coma: Why do older patients fare worse?
    • Vollmer, D.G., Torner, J.C., Jane, J.A., et al.: Age and outcome following traumatic coma: why do older patients fare worse? J Neurosurg 1991; 75 (Suppl): S37-S49.
    • (1991) J Neurosurg , vol.75 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Vollmer, D.G.1    Torner, J.C.2    Jane, J.A.3
  • 210
    • 0029155526 scopus 로고
    • The abbreviated injury scale as a predictor of outcome of severe head injury
    • Walder, A.D., Yeoman, P.M., Turnbull, A.: The abbreviated injury scale as a predictor of outcome of severe head injury. Intensive Care Med 1995; 21: 606-609.
    • (1995) Intensive Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 606-609
    • Walder, A.D.1    Yeoman, P.M.2    Turnbull, A.3
  • 211
    • 0026002735 scopus 로고
    • Is early prediction of outcome in severe head injury possible?
    • Waxman, K., Sundine, M.J., Young, R.F.: Is early prediction of outcome in severe head injury possible? Arch Surg 1991; 126: 1237-1242.
    • (1991) Arch Surg , vol.126 , pp. 1237-1242
    • Waxman, K.1    Sundine, M.J.2    Young, R.F.3
  • 212
    • 0032789352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative use of magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiologic investigation for the prognosis of head injury
    • Wedekind, C., Fischbach, R., Pakos, P., Terhaag, D., Klug, N.: Comparative use of magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiologic investigation for the prognosis of head injury. J Trauma 1999; 47: 44-49.
    • (1999) J Trauma , vol.47 , pp. 44-49
    • Wedekind, C.1    Fischbach, R.2    Pakos, P.3    Terhaag, D.4    Klug, N.5
  • 213
    • 0036024357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trauma to the pontomesencephalic brainstem - A major clue to the prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury
    • Wedekind, C., Hesselmann, V., Lippert-Gruner, M., Ebel, M.: Trauma to the pontomesencephalic brainstem-a major clue to the prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury. Br J Neurosurg 2002; 16: 256-260.
    • (2002) Br J Neurosurg , vol.16 , pp. 256-260
    • Wedekind, C.1    Hesselmann, V.2    Lippert-Gruner, M.3    Ebel, M.4
  • 214
    • 0023201657 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging in cases of severe head injury
    • Wilberger, J.E. Jr., Deeb, Z., Rothfus, W.: Magnetic resonance imaging in cases of severe head injury. Neurosurgery 1987; 20: 571-576.
    • (1987) Neurosurgery , vol.20 , pp. 571-576
    • Wilberger Jr., J.E.1    Deeb, Z.2    Rothfus, W.3
  • 215
    • 0021254950 scopus 로고
    • Predicting outcome from closed head injury by early assessment of trauma severity
    • Williams, J.M., Gomes, F., Drudge, O.W., Kessler, M.: Predicting outcome from closed head injury by early assessment of trauma severity. J Neurosurg 1984; 61: 581-585.
    • (1984) J Neurosurg , vol.61 , pp. 581-585
    • Williams, J.M.1    Gomes, F.2    Drudge, O.W.3    Kessler, M.4
  • 216
    • 3543019066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structured interviews for the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale: Guidelines for their use
    • Wilson, J.T., Pettigrew, L.E., Teasdale, G.M.: Structured interviews for the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale: guidelines for their use. J Neurotrauma 1998; 15: 573-585.
    • (1998) J Neurotrauma , vol.15 , pp. 573-585
    • Wilson, J.T.1    Pettigrew, L.E.2    Teasdale, G.M.3
  • 217
    • 0031473598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of heart-rate variability: A noninvasive predictor of death and poor outcome in patients with severe head injury
    • Winchell, R.J., Hoyt, D.B.: Analysis of heart-rate variability: a noninvasive predictor of death and poor outcome in patients with severe head injury. J Trauma 1997; 43: 927-933.
    • (1997) J Trauma , vol.43 , pp. 927-933
    • Winchell, R.J.1    Hoyt, D.B.2
  • 218
    • 0029915409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient systolic hypotension. A serious problem in the management of head injury
    • Winchell, R.J., Simons, R.K., Hoyt, D.B: Transient systolic hypotension. A serious problem in the management of head injury. Arch Surg 1996; 131: 533-539.
    • (1996) Arch Surg , vol.131 , pp. 533-539
    • Winchell, R.J.1    Simons, R.K.2    Hoyt, D.B.3
  • 219
    • 0742288542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raised parenchymal interleukin-6 levels correlate with improved outcome after traumatic brain injury
    • Winter, C.D., Pringle, A.K., Clough, G.F., Church, M.K.: Raised parenchymal interleukin-6 levels correlate with improved outcome after traumatic brain injury. Brain 2004; 127: 315-320.
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , pp. 315-320
    • Winter, C.D.1    Pringle, A.K.2    Clough, G.F.3    Church, M.K.4
  • 220
  • 221
    • 0033431847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of clinical, radiologic, and serum marker as prognostic factors after severe head injury
    • Woertgen, C., Rothoerl, R.D., Metz, C., Brawanski, A.: Comparison of clinical, radiologic, and serum marker as prognostic factors after severe head injury. J Trauma 1999; 47: 1126-1130.
    • (1999) J Trauma , vol.47 , pp. 1126-1130
    • Woertgen, C.1    Rothoerl, R.D.2    Metz, C.3    Brawanski, A.4
  • 222
    • 0023195778 scopus 로고
    • The predictive value of catecholamines in assessing outcome in traumatic brain injury
    • Woolf, P.D., Hamill, R.W., Lee, L.A., Cox, C., McDonald, J.V.: The predictive value of catecholamines in assessing outcome in traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 1987; 66: 875-882.
    • (1987) J Neurosurg , vol.66 , pp. 875-882
    • Woolf, P.D.1    Hamill, R.W.2    Lee, L.A.3    Cox, C.4    McDonald, J.V.5
  • 223
    • 0027051944 scopus 로고
    • Pathological study of diffuse axonal injury patients who died shortly after impact
    • Yamaki, T., Murakami, N., Iwamoto, Y., et al.: Pathological study of diffuse axonal injury patients who died shortly after impact. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1992; 119: 153-158.
    • (1992) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.119 , pp. 153-158
    • Yamaki, T.1    Murakami, N.2    Iwamoto, Y.3
  • 224
    • 0032871927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination and clinical significance of plasma levels of prostaglandins in patients with acute brain injury
    • Yang, S.Y., Gao, Z.X.: Determination and clinical significance of plasma levels of prostaglandins in patients with acute brain injury. Surg Neurol 1999; 52: 238-245.
    • (1999) Surg Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 238-245
    • Yang, S.Y.1    Gao, Z.X.2
  • 225
    • 0024424436 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between admission hyperglycemia and neurologic outcome of severely brain-injured patients
    • Young, B., Ott, L., Dempsey, R., Haack, D., Tibbs, P.: Relationship between admission hyperglycemia and neurologic outcome of severely brain-injured patients. Ann Surg 1989; 210: 466-473.
    • (1989) Ann Surg , vol.210 , pp. 466-473
    • Young, B.1    Ott, L.2    Dempsey, R.3    Haack, D.4    Tibbs, P.5
  • 226
    • 0026004514 scopus 로고
    • Validation of a prognostic system in severe brain-injured patients
    • Zagara, G., Scaravilli, P., Mastorgio, P., Seveso, M.: Validation of a prognostic system in severe brain-injured patients. J Neurosurg Sci 1991; 35: 77-81.
    • (1991) J Neurosurg Sci , vol.35 , pp. 77-81
    • Zagara, G.1    Scaravilli, P.2    Mastorgio, P.3    Seveso, M.4
  • 227
    • 0037162967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-tau biomarker of neuronal damage in severe brain injured patients: Association with elevated intracranial pressure and clinical outcome
    • Zemlan, F.P., Jauch, E.C., Mulchahey, J.J., et al.: C-tau biomarker of neuronal damage in severe brain injured patients: association with elevated intracranial pressure and clinical outcome. Brain Res 2002; 947: 131-139.
    • (2002) Brain Res , vol.947 , pp. 131-139
    • Zemlan, F.P.1    Jauch, E.C.2    Mulchahey, J.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.