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Suresh S, Wheeler M, Patel A. Case series: IV regional anesthesia with ketorolac and lidocaine: is it effective for the management of complex regional pain syndrome 1 in children and adolescents? Anesth Analg 2003; 96:694-695.
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Wittum, S.1
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De Beer DA, Thomas ML. Caudal additives in children: solutions or problems? Br J Anaesth 2003; 90:487-498. An excellent review article on drugs used for caudal anaesthesia.
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De Beer, D.A.1
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Marhofer P, Koinig H, Kapral S. The choice of drugs for caudal anaestheisa in children. An overview. Anaesthesist 2003; 55:55-67. This is a review article on drugs used for caudal anaesthesia with a special focus on s-ketamine.
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Ansermino M, Basu R, Vandebeek C, Montgomery C. Nonopioid additives to local anaesthetics for caudal anaesthesia in children: a systematic review. Paediatr Anaesth 2003; 13:561-573. This is a systematic review on additives to local anaesthetics for caudal anaesthesia in children.
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Paediatr Anaesth
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Weber F, Wulf H. Caudal bupivacaine and s[+]-ketamine for postoperative analgesia in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2003; 13:244-248. This describes a randomized controlled trial showing that the addition of 0.5 mg/ kg s-ketamine to bupivacaine 0.125% 1 ml/kg provides significant prolongation of analgesia.
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Lönnqvist PA, Ivani G, Moriarty A. Use of caudal-epidural opioids in children: still state of the art or the beginning of the end? Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12:747-749.
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Lönnqvist, P.A.1
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Efficacy and safety of caudal injection of levobupivacaine, 0.25%, in children under 2 years of age undergoing inguinal hernia repair, circumcision or orchidopexy
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Taylor R, Eyres R, Chalkiadis GA, Austin S. Efficacy and safety of caudal injection of levobupivacaine, 0.25%, in children under 2 years of age undergoing inguinal hernia repair, circumcision or orchidopexy. Paediatr Anaesth 2003; 13:114-121. This describes a case series including 49 paediatric patients aged less than 2 years old. Levobupivacaine 0.25% 2 mg/kg was used for caudal anaesthesia with apparently good results.
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Taylor, R.1
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Astuto M, Disma N, Arena C. Levobupivacaine 0.25% compared with ropivacaine 0.25% by the caudal route in children. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2003; 20:826-830. This was a randomized controlled trial comparing levobupivacaine and ropivacaine.
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Finkel JC, Boltz MG, Conran AM. Haemodynamic changes during high spinal anaesthesia in children having open heart surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 2003; 13:48-52.
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