Atmospheric bromoform at Mace Head, Ireland: Seasonality and evidence for a peatland source

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 5, Issue 11, 2005, Pages 2927-2934

  Carpenter, L J ^a   Wevill, D J ^a   O'Doherty, S ^b   Spain, G ^c   Simmonds, P G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^c NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BIOGENIC EMISSION; PEATLAND; SEASONALITY; SURFACE FLUX;

CONNACHT; COUNTY GALWAY; EURASIA; EUROPE; IRELAND; MACE HEAD; WESTERN EUROPE;

CONIFEROPHYTA;

EID: 30344449177     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-5-2927-2005     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Biester, H., Keppler, F., Putschew, A., Martinez-Cortizas A., and Petri M.: Halogen retention, organohalogens, and the role of organic matter decomposition on halogen enrichment in two Chilean peat bogs, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 1984-1991, 2004.
2. Biraud, S., Ciais, P., Ramonet, M., Simmonds, P., Kazan, V., Monfray, P., O'Doherty, S., Spain, G., and Jennings, S. G.: Quantification of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chloroform emissions over Ireland from atmospheric observations at Mace Head, Tellus B, 54 (1), 41-60, 2002.
3. 3 and other reactive organic bromine gases, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20 539-20 548, 2000.
4. Carpenter, L. J., Malin, G., Kuepper, F., and Liss, P. S.: Novel biogenic iodine-containing trihalomethanes and other short-lived halocarbons in the coastal East Atlantic, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14, 1191-1204, 2000.
5. Carpenter, L. J., Liss, P. S., and Penkett, S. A.: Marine organohalogens in the atmosphere over the Atlantic and Southern Oceans, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4256, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002769, 2003.
6. Dimmer, C. H., Simmonds, P. G., Nickless, G., and Bassford, M. R.: Biogenic fluxes of halomethanes from Irish peatland ecosystems, Atmos. Environ., 35, 321-330, 2001.
7. Dunse, B. L., Steele, L. P., Fraser, P. J., and Wilson, S. R.: An analysis of Melbourne pollution episodes observed at Cape Grim from 1995-1998, in: Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1997-98, edited by: Tindale, N. W., Francey, R. J., and Derek, N. A., pp. 34-42, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, Australia, 2001.
8. Dunse, B. L., Steele, L. P., Wilson, S. R., Fraser, P. J., Krummel, P. B.: Trace gas emissions from Melbourne, Australia, based on AGAGE observations at Cape Grim, Tasmania, 1995-2000, Atmos. Environ,, 39, 6334-6344, 2005.
9. Dvortsov, V. L., Geller, M. A., Solomon, S., Schauffler, S. M., Atlas, E. L., and Blake, D. R.: Rethinking reactive halogen budgets in the midlatitude lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1699-1702, 1999.
10. Gschwend, P. M., McFarlane, J. K., and Newman, K. A.: Volatile halogenated organic compounds released to seawater from temperate marine macroalgae, Science, 227, 1023-1035, 1985.
11. Goodwin, K. D., Lidstrom, M. E., and Oremland, R. S.: Marine bacterial degradation of brominated methanes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 3188-3192, 1997.
12. Haselmann, K. F., Laturnus, F., Svensmark, B., and Gron, C.: Formation of chloroform in spruce forest soil - results from laboratory incubation studies, Chemosphere, 41, 1769-1774, 2000.
13. Helsel, D. R. and Hirsch, R. M.: Studies in environmental science 49: Statistical methods in water resources, Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 276, 1992.
14. Hoekstra, E. J., De Leer, E. D. B, and Brinkman, U. A. T. Natural formation of chloroform and brominated trihalomethanes in soil, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 3724-3729, 1998.
15. Klick, S.: The release of volatile halocarbons to seawater by untreated and heavy metal exposed samples of the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus, Mar. Chem., 42, 211-221, 1993.
16. Matthews, E. and Fung, I.: Methane emission from natural wetlands: global distribution, area and environmental characteristics of sources, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 1, 61-86, 1987.
17. Mtolera, M. S. P., Collen, J., Pedersen, M., Ekdahl, A., Abrahamsson, K., and Semesi, A. K.: Stress-induced production of volatile halogenated organic-compounds in Eucheumadenticulatum (Rhodophyta) caused by elevated pH and high light intensities, Euro. J. Phycology, 31, 89-95, 1996.
18. Nielsen, J. E. and Douglass, A. R.: Simulation of bromoform's contribution to stratospheric bromine, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 8089-8100, 2001.
19. Nightingale, P. D., Malin, G., and Liss, P. S.: Production of chloroform and other low-molecular-weight halocarbons by some species of macroalgae, Limnol. Oceanogr., 40, 680-689, 1995.
20. O'Doherty, S., Simmonds, P. G., Cunnold, D. M., Wang, H. J., Sturrock, G. A., Fraser, P. J., Ryall, D., Derwent, R. G., Weiss, R. F., Salameh, P., Miller, B. R., and Prinn, R. G.: In-Situ Chloroform Measurements at AGAGE Atmospheric Research Stations from 1994-1998, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20 429-20 444, 2001.
21. O'Doherty, S., Cunnold, D. M., Manning, A., Miller, B. R., Wang, R. H. J., Krummel, P. B., Fraser, P. J., Simmonds, P. G., McCulloch, A., Weiss, R. F., Salameh, R, Porter, L. W., Prinn, R. G., Huang, J., Sturrock, G., Ryall, D., Derwent, R. G., and Montzka, S. A.: Rapid growth of hydrofluorocarbon 134a and hydrochlorofluorocarbons 141b, 142b, and 22 from Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) observations at Cape Grim, Tasmania, and Mace Head, Ireland, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06310, doi: 10.1029/2003JD004277, 2004.
22. Olson, J.: Global Ecosystems Database, Version 1.0: Disc A. NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO, USA, World Ecosystems (WEI.4): digital raster data on a 10 minute geographic 19 080×2160 grid, 1992.
23. Pedersén, M., Collén, J., Abrahamsson, K., and Ekdahl, A.: Production of halocarbons from seaweeds - An oxidative stress reaction, Sci. Mar., 60, 257-263, 1996.
24. von Glasow, R., von Kuhlmann, R., Lawrence, M. G., Platt, U., and Crutzen, P. J.: Impact of reactive bromine chemistry in the troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2481-2497, 2004, SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/ 2004-4-2481.
25. Prinn, R. G., Weiss, R. F., Fraser, P. J., Simmonds, P. G., Cunnold, D. M., Alyea, F. N., O'Doherty, S., Salameh, P., Miller, B. R., Huang, J., Wang, R. H. J., Hartley, D. E., Harth, C., Steele, L. R, Sturrock, G., Midgley, P. M., and McCulloch, A.: A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 17 751-17792, 2000.
26. Simmonds, P. G., O'Doherty, S., Nickless, G., Sturrock, G. A., Swaby, R., Knight, P., Ricketts, J., Woffendin, G., and Smith, R.: Automated gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for routine atmospheric field measurements of the CFC replacement compounds, the hydrofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons, Anal. Chem., 34, 717-723, 1995.
27. Sturges, W. T., Oram, D. E., Carpenter, L. J., Engel A., and Penkett, S. A.: Bromoform as a source of bromine to the stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2081-2084, 2000.
28. Theiler, R., Cook, J. C., Hager, L. P., and Studa, J. F.: Halohydrocarbon synthesis by bromoperoxidase, Science, 202, 1094-1096, 1978.
29. Quack, B. and Wallace D. W. R.: Air-sea flux of bromoform: Controls, rates, and implications, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17 (1), 1023, doi:10.1029/2002GB001890, 2003.
30. Vilter, H.: Peroxidases from Phaeophyceae. 3. Catalysis of halogenation by peroxidases from Ascophyllum-Nodosum (L) Le-Jol, Bot. Mar., 26, 429-435, 1983.
31. Wever, R., Tromp, M. G. M., Krenn, B. E., Marjani, A., and Vantol, M.: Brominating activity of the seaweed Ascophyllum-nodosum - impact on the biosphere, Environ. Sci. Tech., 25, 446-449, 1991.
32. Wevill, D. J. and Carpenter, L. J.: Automated measurement and calibration of reactive volatile halogenated organic compounds in the atmosphere, Analyst, 129, 634-638, 2004.
33. Yokouchi, Y., Barrie, L. A., Toom D., and Akimoto, H.: The seasonal variation of selected natural and anthropogenic halocarbons in the Arctic troposphere, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1723-1727, 1996.